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Your vehicleHome›Ford›F-150› 2018
Ford · Large Pickup truck

2018 Ford F-150

Gas Diesel
Standard Pickup Trucks 4WD
38 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
F
Safety Signal
28 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Counts recalls, not crash safety — this vehicle earned 4–5 of 5 stars from NHTSA. A much-recalled best-seller scores low here; see the methodology.
Recalls4 critical 18
Complaints64 crash · 33 fire · 52 injured · 3 died reported 2,325
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 5★
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 25 mpg
20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2018 Ford F-150 is sold in the U.S. as a gas and diesel large pickup truck with 38 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the F150 Pickup 2WD, is EPA-rated at 25 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 18 recall campaigns for this model year, 4 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 2325 complaints, most often about the power train. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

Ford F-Series (fourteenth generation) — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Ford F-Series (fourteenth generation) · Photo: Kevauto · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGasRWD2.7L 6-cyl turbo202522$3,050
F150 Pickup 2WDGasRWD2.7L 6-cyl turbo202622$3,050
F150 Pickup 2WDGasRWD3.3L 6-cyl192522$3,050
F150 Pickup 2WD FFVGasRWD3.3L 6-cyl202522$3,050
F150 2.7L 2WD GVWR>6649 LBSGasRWD2.7L 6-cyl turbo192521$3,200
F150 2.7L 4WD GVWR>6799 LBSGas4WD (part-time)2.7L 6-cyl turbo192421$3,200
F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGasRWD3.3L 6-cyl192421$3,200
F150 2WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGasRWD3.3L 6-cyl192421$3,200
F150 Pickup 2WDGasRWD3.5L 6-cyl turbo182521$3,200
F150 Pickup 4WDGas4WD (part-time)2.7L 6-cyl turbo192421$3,200
F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGas4WD (part-time)2.7L 6-cyl turbo182320$3,350
F150 Pickup 4WDGas4WD (part-time)3.3L 6-cyl182320$3,350
F150 Pickup 4WD FFVGas4WD (part-time)3.3L 6-cyl182320$3,350
F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGasRWD3.5L 6-cyl turbo172219$3,550
F150 3.5L 2WD GVWR>7599 LBSGasRWD3.5L 6-cyl turbo172119$3,550
F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGas4WD (part-time)3.5L 6-cyl turbo172219$3,550
F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGas4WD (part-time)3.3L 6-cyl172219$3,550
F150 4WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGas4WD (part-time)3.3L 6-cyl172219$3,550
F150 Pickup 2WDGasRWD5.0L 8-cyl172319$3,550
F150 Pickup 2WD FFVGasRWD5.0L 8-cyl172319$3,550
F150 Pickup 4WDGas4WD (part-time)3.5L 6-cyl turbo172319$3,550
F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGasRWD5.0L 8-cyl162118$3,700
F150 2WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LTGasRWD5.0L 8-cyl162118$3,700
F150 3.5L 4WD GVWR>7599 LBSGas4WD (part-time)3.5L 6-cyl turbo162118$3,700
F150 Pickup 4WDGas4WD (part-time)5.0L 8-cyl162218$3,700
F150 Pickup 4WD FFVGas4WD (part-time)5.0L 8-cyl162218$3,700
F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREGas4WD (part-time)5.0L 8-cyl162017$3,950
F150 4WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LTGas4WD (part-time)5.0L 8-cyl162017$3,950
F150 5.0L 2WD FFV GVWR>7599 LBSGasRWD5.0L 8-cyl162017$3,950
F150 5.0L 2WD GVWR>7599 LBSGasRWD5.0L 8-cyl162017$3,950
F150 5.0L 4WD FFV GVWR>7599 LBSGas4WD (part-time)5.0L 8-cyl151917$3,950
F150 5.0L 4WD GVWR>7599 LBSGas4WD (part-time)5.0L 8-cyl151917$3,950
F150 RAPTOR 4WDGas4WD (part-time)3.5L 6-cyl turbo151816$4,200
F150 Pickup 2WDDieselRWD3.0L 6-cyl turbo223025$3,850
F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREDieselRWD3.0L 6-cyl turbo222824$4,000
F150 Pickup 4WD XL/XLTDiesel4WD (part-time)3.0L 6-cyl turbo212824$4,000
F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREDiesel4WD (part-time)3.0L 6-cyl turbo202522$4,350
F150 Pickup 4WDDiesel4WD (part-time)3.0L 6-cyl turbo202522$4,350

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 39242, 39241, 39244, 39449, 39243, 39257, 39248, 39448, 39238, 39255.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
F150 2.7L 4WD GVWR>6799 LBS, F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 2WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 3.5L 2WD GVWR>7599 LBS, F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 Pickup 2WD FFV, F150 Pickup 4WD, F150 Pickup 4WD FFV5 / 10California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
F150 2.7L 2WD GVWR>6649 LBS, F150 3.5L 4WD GVWR>7599 LBS, F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 4WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 Pickup 2WD, F150 Pickup 4WD5 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 4WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LT, F150 5.0L 2WD GVWR>7599 LBS, F150 5.0L 4WD FFV GVWR>7599 LBS, F150 5.0L 4WD GVWR>7599 LBS, F150 Pickup 2WD, F150 Pickup 4WD3 / 10California LEV-III ULEV125 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 125All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
F150 2WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LT, F150 5.0L 2WD FFV GVWR>7599 LBS, F150 Pickup 2WD FFV, F150 Pickup 4WD FFV3 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 / California LEV-III ULEV125All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
F150 RAPTOR 4WD3 / 10California LEV-III ULEV125 / Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
F150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 4WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIRE, F150 Pickup 2WD, F150 Pickup 4WD, F150 Pickup 4WD XL/XLT1 / 10California LEV-III LEV160 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 160All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body stylePickup
GVWR classClass 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders6
Displacement3.5 L
Engine configurationV-Shaped

Engine Output

Horsepower375 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Transmission

Drivetrain4x2

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes one configuration rather than every trim (seen: Super Crew - Raptor). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length207.5–248.8 in
Width (body, without mirrors)79.9–86.2 in
Height75.2–78.3 in
Wheelbase122.4–163.8 in
Track, front67.7–74.0 in
Track, rear67.7–73.6 in
Curb weight4,050–5,697 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear58/42

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 14 configurations: P/U Reg Cab 6.5-FT Box 2WD, P/U Reg Cab 6.5-FT Box 4X4, P/U Reg Cab 8-FT Box 2WD, P/U Reg Cab 8-FT Box 4X4, P/U Supercab 6.5-FT Box 2WD, P/U Supercab 6.5-FT Box 4X4 …. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

Also on file Beside the 2018 F-150
Other years The 2026 F-150 Recalls Ford recalls
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Factory warranty running out?

The 2018 Ford F-150 is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

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Recalls (18)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Power Train

26S42
10,742 vehicles 14% reported repaired built Feb 13, 2017 – Jul 11, 2018
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 F-150 vehicles previously repaired incorrectly under recall number 17V669. Quickly moving the shift lever from Park to Drive may cause a loss of gear indication on the instrument cluster display and a momentary selection of an unintended gear, such as Reverse or Neutral. Risk Unintended gear selection may cause the vehicle to move in an unexpected direction, increasing the risk of crash or injury. Fix Dealers will update the powertrain control module software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 9, 2026. Owners may contact customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 26S42. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will become searchable on NHTSA.gov on July 6, 2026.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDFDealer notice PDF
NHTSA campaign 26V375000 reported Jun 9, 2026 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
○minor

Exterior Lighting

26C28
91,198 vehicles 14% reported repaired
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018-2020 F-150 vehicles previously repaired incorrectly under recall number 20V097. When the headlight switch is turned from "Autolamps" to "Headlamps On," the Daytime Running Lamps (DRLs) may remain fully bright instead of dimming to parking lamps as intended. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 108, "Lamps, Reflective Devices and Associated Equipment." Risk Daytime Running Lamps that do not dim may reduce the visibility of other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix ,Dealers will reprogram the body control module software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 17, 2026. Owners may contact customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 26C28. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will become searchable on NHTSA.gov on July 6, 2026.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDFDealer notice PDF
NHTSA campaign 26V373000 reported Jun 9, 2026 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Service Brakes, Hydraulic

25S37
123,611 vehicles 37% reported repaired built Feb 1, 2017 – Jun 30, 2017
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2017-2018 F-150, Expedition, and Lincoln Navigator vehicles. The brake master cylinder may allow brake fluid to leak from the front wheel circuit into the brake booster. Risk A brake fluid leak can cause reduced brake function and extend the distance required to stop, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the brake master cylinder. If the master cylinder is leaking, the brake booster will also be replaced. Repairs will be performed free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 25, 2025. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 25S37. This recall is an expansion of NHTSA recall number 22V-150.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 25V236000 reported Apr 11, 2025 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
○minor

Equipment

24C39
27,678 vehicles 66% reported repaired built Jun 7, 2017 – Oct 21, 2024
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2020-2025 Explorer, Lincoln Aviator, 2020-2024 Escape, Lincoln Corsair, 2018-2024 F-150, Expedition and Lincoln Navigator vehicles. The air bag warning label may be missing from the dashboard. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirement Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk Without a label that shows the proper restraint usage guidelines, the occupants may have an increased risk of injury in the event of a crash. Fix Ford will mail owners the warning labels, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 19, 2024. Owners may call Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 24C39.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 24V852000 reported Nov 8, 2024 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Service Brakes, Hydraulic

22S11
195,864 vehicles 82% reported repaired
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ford Expedition, Lincoln Navigator, and 2016-2018 F-150 vehicles equipped with 3.5L Ecoboost engines. The brake master cylinder may allow brake fluid to leak from the front wheel circuit into the brake booster. Risk A loss of brake fluid may result in a change in brake pedal travel, increased pedal effort and reduced front brake function, requiring greater effort and distance to stop the vehicle. These conditions can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the brake master cylinder. If the master cylinder is leaking, the brake booster will also be replaced. Repairs will be performed free of charge. An interim owner notification letter notifying customers of the safety defect were mailed on April 29, 2022. Owner notification letters were mailed April 29, 2022. This recall is an expansion of NHTSA recall number 20V-332. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 22S11.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 22V150000 reported Mar 11, 2022 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Latches/Locks/Linkages

21S53
57,591 vehicles 68% reported repaired
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 F-150 vehicles with manual and power release tailgates. The tailgate latches may unlatch unexpectedly while driving. Risk Unexpected tailgate opening may allow unrestrained cargo to fall out of the truck bed and become a road hazard, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the left-hand and right-hand tailgate latches, free of charge. An interim notification letter was mailed January 31, 2022. Owner notification letters were mailed on May 31, 2022. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 21S53.
NHTSA campaign 21V983000 reported Dec 16, 2021 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Tires

21S10
15,769 vehicles 48% reported repaired
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 F-150, 2018-2020 F-250, F-350, and 2019 Escape vehicles equipped with Continental tires. On the affected vehicles, it is possible that one or more tires were cured for too long during tire production. Risk Over cured tires may develop a break in the sidewall, resulting in sudden air loss or belt edge separation which could lead to tread/belt loss. Either condition can cause a loss of vehicle control, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the tires, and replace them as necessary, free of charge. The recall began on March 27, 2021. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 21S10.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 21V155000 reported Mar 10, 2021 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
○minor

Exterior Lighting

20C03
166,196 vehicles 66% reported repaired built Jan 5, 2017 – Oct 10, 2019
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018-2020 F-150 trucks equipped with high series LED headlamps with Autolamp (On/Off) functionality. The Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) may remain activated instead of dimming to parking lamps when the Master Lighting Switch (MLS) is manually rotated from the "Autolamps" switch position to "Headlamps On." As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 108, "Lamps, Reflective Devices and Associated Equipment." Risk DRL that cannot dim may reduce the visibility of other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the body control module, free of charge. The recall began March 10, 2020. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 20C03.
NHTSA campaign 20V097000 reported Feb 21, 2020 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Seats

19C07
639,137 vehicles 78% reported repaired built Sep 11, 2018 – Aug 7, 2019
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018-2020 F-150 and 2019-2020 F-250, F-350, F-450, and F-550 Super Duty pickup trucks, and 2018-2019 Ford Explorer, 2019-2020 Expedition, and 2020 Escape vehicles equipped with driver and/or passenger's manual front seat back recliner mechanisms. Also included are certain 2020 Ford Explorer and Lincoln Aviator vehicles equipped with rear outboard seats and manual seat back recliner mechanisms. The recliner mechanisms may be missing the third pawl required for seat back strength, resulting in a loose seat back. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) numbers 202, "Head Restr Risk A seat back with an improperly assembled recliner mechanism may have reduced strength and may not adequately restrain an occupant in a crash, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Ford will notify owners, and Ford and Lincoln dealers will inspect the seat structure and replace them, as necessary, free of charge. The recall began October 21, 2019. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 19C07.
NHTSA campaign 19V633000 reported Aug 28, 2019 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Equipment

19S11
131,068 vehicles 86% reported repaired built Jul 25, 2014 – Nov 17, 2018
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2019 Ford F-150 and 2017-2019 Ford F-250 Super Duty, F-350 Super Duty, F-450 Super Duty, and F-550 Super Duty pick-up trucks equipped with an engine block heater and previously remedied under recall 18V894. During the previous repair, the block heater cable's splice connector may have been damaged. Risk A damaged cable could cause a resistive short, increasing the risk of overheated or melted wiring, increasing the risk of a fire. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will disable the engine block heater from being used. When replacement cables become available, a second notice will be mailed and dealers will replace the engine block heater cord, free of charge. The recall began May 31, 2019. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 19S11.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 19V278000 reported Apr 8, 2019 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Engine

18S45
410,289 vehicles 79% reported repaired built Mar 18, 2014 – Nov 17, 2018
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2019 Ford F-150 and 2017-2019 Ford F-250 Super Duty, F-350 Super Duty, F-450 Super Duty, and F-550 Super Duty pick-up trucks equipped with an engine block heater. Water and contaminants may get into the block heater cable's splice connector causing corrosion and damage. Risk When the heater is plugged in, prolonged corrosion could cause a resistive short, increasing the risk of overheated or melted wiring which can increase the risk of a fire. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will disable the block heater cable, free of charge. Once parts are available, Dealers will replace the engine block heater cable, free of charge. The recall began June 3, 2019. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 18S45.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V894000 reported Dec 18, 2018 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Structure

18S27
1,619,112 vehicles 72% reported repaired built Mar 12, 2014 – Aug 23, 2018
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford F-150 Regular Cab and SuperCrew Cab vehicles. If a front seat belt pretensioner deploys as the result of a crash, the sparks may ignite materials such as carpeting or insulation within the B-pillar area. Risk A vehicle fire could result if materials ignite inside the vehicle. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will remove the B-pillar insulation material and wiring harness tape, and install heat resistant tape, free of charge. The recall began September 28, 2018. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 18S27.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V568000 reported Aug 31, 2018 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

18S17
5,645 vehicles 90% reported repaired built Mar 14, 2018 – Apr 24, 2018
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 Ford Expedition, F-150, and Lincoln Navigator vehicles equipped with 3.5L GTDI V6 engines. These vehicles have high pressure fuel pump assemblies with welds that can fracture, which may cause an oil or fuel leak. Risk A fuel leak in the presence of an ignition source may increase the risk of a fire. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the high pressure fuel pump and associated components, free of charge. The recall began July 17, 2018. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 18S17.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V392000 reported Jun 12, 2018 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Power Train

18S09
142 vehicles 87% reported repaired built Oct 20, 2016 – Mar 5, 2018
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2017-2018 Ford F-150 and 2018 Ford Expedition and Mustang and Lincoln Navigator vehicles equipped with 10-speed automatic transmissions. A roll pin may not have been installed in the transmission, potentially causing a loss of the "Park" function. Risk Despite the transmission shift lever being placed in 'Park' and the instrument panel display indicating 'Park,' the vehicle may roll away after it has been exited if the parking brake has not been applied, increasing the risk of injury or a crash. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the transmission to make sure it has the roll pin, installing one if it is missing, free of charge. The recall began on April 13, 2018. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 18S09.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V213000 reported Apr 4, 2018 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Power Train

18S10
292,909 vehicles 91% reported repaired built Jan 5, 2017 – Feb 16, 2018
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 F-650 and F-750 vehicles equipped with 6-speed automatic transmissions and 2018 Ford F-150 and Expedition vehicles equipped with 10-speed automatic transmissions (excluding Expedition vehicles with a Rotary Gear Shift Dial on the console). The gear shift cable clip may not be properly seated, allowing the transmission to be in a different gear than indicated by the gear shift lever position. Risk If the gear shift cable clip becomes unseated or dislodged, the gear shift lever position may indicate that the transmission is in 'Park' when it may be in a different gear. Additionally, despite selecting 'Park', if the parking brake is not applied before the vehicle is exited, the vehicle may roll. Either scenario increases the risk of a crash. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the shift cable locking clip and properly seat it, if necessary, free of charge. The recall began on April 13, 2018. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for the recall is 18S10.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V214000 reported Apr 4, 2018 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Engine

17S37
22 vehicles 100% reported repaired built Sep 3, 2017 – Sep 17, 2017
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 F-150 vehicles equipped with 3.5L engines. The cylinder heads may have been machined without lubrication supply holes for the camshaft bearing journals. Risk Without a proper supply of lubrication, the engine will fail, causing a stall and increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Ford is not aware of any affected vehicles outside of dealer control. Should owner contact subsequently be required, arrangements will be made to transport their vehicle to a Ford or Lincoln dealer to have the engine replaced. The recall began October 24, 2017. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 17S37.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 17V672000 reported Oct 23, 2017 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Power Train

17S35
12,429 vehicles 92% reported repaired built Jan 12, 2017 – Oct 9, 2017
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 F-150 vehicles equipped with a 3.3L engine, a 6-speed transmission and a column mounted shift lever. Quickly moving the shift lever from Park to Drive may cause a loss of gear indication on the instrument cluster display and a momentary selection of an unintended gear, such as Reverse or Neutral before the vehicle achieves Drive function. Risk Unidentified or unintended gear selection may cause the vehicle to move in a way that was not intended by the driver, increasing the risk of crash or injury. Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the powertrain control module, free of charge. Owners may contact Ford Customer Service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 17S35.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 17V669000 reported Oct 23, 2017 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Structure

17S29
39 vehicles 67% reported repaired built Jun 8, 2017 – Aug 21, 2017
Problem Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2018 Ford F-150 Raptor Super Cab pick-up trucks not equipped with a moonroof. The structural roof braces may be missing rivets at the attachment of the roof rail, thereby reducing the structural integrity. Risk If the structural integrity is reduced, in the event of a rollover crash, there may be an increased risk of injury . Fix Ford will notify owners, and dealers will install the rivets for the roof brace attachments, free of charge. The recall began October 17, 2017. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 17S29.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 17V598000 reported Sep 25, 2017 Ford Motor Company the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

NHTSA defect investigations

Fuel System, Gasoline:Delivery:Fuel Pump — Low-pressure fuel pump failure closed

On July 29, 2024, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened PE24019 to investigate complaints of low-pressure fuel pump failures in MY 2021 Ford Bronco vehicles. Some consumers reported that the failure occurred without warning while driving, resulting in a complete loss of motive power with no ability to restart the engine. Ford determined that several other vehicle models contain low-pressure fuel pumps substantially similar to the 2021 Ford Bronco, including the 2022-2023 Ford Bronco, 2018-2023 Ford F-150, 2022-2023 Ford Expedition, 2019-2023 Lincoln Navigator, 2020-2023 Ford F-250-F-550, 2024 Ford Super Duty Chassis Cab, 2024-2025 Ford Ranger, 2020-2023 Ford Explorer, 2020-2023 Linc

Opened Jul 29, 2024 · closed Sep 19, 2025 · action PE24019 · the investigation’s page →

Seat Belts:Pretensioner — Seatbelt Pretensioner Fire closed

On June 18, 2018, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened a Preliminary Evaluation (PE18-008) to investigate complaints alleging post-crash fires at the B pillar in the area of the seat belt pretensioners on MY 2014-2018 Ford F-150 Regular Cab, and Super Crew Cab Vehicles. On August 24, 2018, Ford Motor Company recalled (FSA 18S27 - NHTSA #18V568) the affected population. Ford's investigation found that some front seat belt pretensioners may generate sparks during deployment in excess of Ford's specification. Sparks in the pretensioner exhaust gases inside the lower portion of the B-pillar may subsequently ignite combustible components contained in the B-pillar, such as insulation

Opened Aug 3, 2018 · closed Dec 17, 2018 · action PE18008 · the investigation’s page →

Whether any of this applies to one specific F-150

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2018 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Ford publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

NHTSA VIN check →Ford’s own VIN lookup →

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2018 Ford F-150, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2018 Ford F-150

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

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Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
2325complaints filed

64 involved a crash · 33 a fire · 52 injuries · 3 deaths reported

32 per 10,000 built · Ford reported 722,149 F-150 built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2017: 1 · 2018: 106 · 2019: 230 · 2020: 164 · 2021: 129 · 2022: 187 · 2023: 274 · 2024: 387 · 2025: 525 · 2026: 322

Most-cited components

Power Train → 1022
Engine → 598
Unspecified 235
Structure → 193
Electrical System → 173
Service Brakes → 94

In depth: transmission and drivetrain problems → · engine problems → · body and structure problems → · electrical problems → · brake problems →

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

Vehicle shudders and makes a popping noise form engine . Sounds like a misfire. Check engine light flashes on sometimes during this event. Also when cranking it misfires sometimes. This has been ongoing since I drove the vehicle home day one brand new
Engine Jul 1, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11104936
Vehicle pulled out in front of me causing a frontal collision. That impact forced me and my vehicle to collide with another stationary vehicle head on. None of the airbags in my Ford F-150 deployed. My speed at time of first collision was 40 MPH. Speed at time of second subsequent collision is unknown.
Air Bags at 300 miles Jun 15, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11102013
The truck had been parked in my driveway and I went out to get something out of it. I closed the driver door like normal and the rear window blew out upon closing. The ambient air was probably 72 degrees and it was around 8pm. The trucks interior was the same as ambient temperature. Furthermore, it does not have a rear defroster
Visibility/Wiper at 336 miles Jun 11, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11101071
The contact owns a 2018 Ford F-150. The contact stated that the trailer brakes had limited functionality and would not stop the trailer properly. The failure occurred without warning.
Electrical System at 4,000 miles May 15, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11093910
The vehicle is stationary and when the passenger door is unlocked with the key fob the tailgate fails down. When the driver exits the vehicle the tailgate falls down. By falls down I mean the tailgate on the pickup is closed and in the vertical position and the only way to open the tailgate is with the key fob.
Structure Apr 24, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11089857
10 speed transmission hazards: when braking the transmission lunges into to lower gears and surges forward erratically requiring varying brake pressure to stop. Acceleration is also erratic, sometimes delayed, sometimes immediate. The Ford dealership does not have a solution and Ford will not responds to calls.
Power Train at 5,000 miles Apr 20, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11089179

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Ford itself: 102 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 4 killed, 133 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 14 per 100,000 built. Every F-150 model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

When owners reported it

Reported at 41k

miles, typically

Half the 1,019 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 12,000 and 80,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.

under 10k 219
10k–20k 126
20k–30k 75
30k–40k 76
40k–50k 67
50k–60k 52
60k–70k 85
70k–80k 53
80k–90k 62
90k–100k 37
100k–150k 140
150k + 27

Median mileage by component

ComponentReportsMedian milesVs same age
Power Train33460,3501.74×
Engine33163,0001.26×
Structure11110,0000.56×
Unspecified7612,000—
Electrical System6828,0001.24×
Steering5516,1491.11×
Service Brakes4943,2501.52×
Visibility/Wiper4336,1001.68×

Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2018-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Here, owners reported earlier than same-age vehicles: structure (0.56×); later: power train (1.74×), service brakes (1.52×), visibility/wiper (1.68×). Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.

Across 2018–2022 model years the Ford F-150 ranks 69 of 79 nameplates in the odometer-at-first-complaint study: owners reported problems at 1.92× the mileage of vehicles the same age (median 43,000 miles against a fleet 23,512).

Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
PU/CC 4x2★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★☆19%
PU/CC 4x4★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★☆19%
PU/EC 4x2★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆19%
PU/EC 4x4★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆19%
PU/RC 4x2★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆19%
PU/RC 4x4★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆19%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 418
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-09-30
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 408 service bulletins, 6 others, 4 emissionss

Most often about: Engine, Equipment, Electrical System, Power Train, Structure.

  • 25E10-S1 Other
    2026-09-30 · Power Train
  • 25E10-S1 Owner letter
  • 25E10-S1 Emissions
    2026-07-02 · Electrical System
  • NEW VEHICLE DELIVERY HOLD - Emissions Recall 25E10 - Supplement #1 Certain 2018-2020 Model Year F-150 Vehicles With 3.3L Engines and 2016-2019 Model Year Explorer, Taurus, and Flex Vehicles With 3.5L Engines Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Reprogramming
  • 25H05 S1 Other
    2026-04-29 · Electrical System
  • Harvest Program 25H05 – Supplement #1 Certain 2011-2021 Model Year Vehicles Software Verification Harvest Program
  • 25N17 Other
    2026-03-25 · Back Over Prevention — Rearview System Braking
  • Advance Notice – Customer Satisfaction Program 25N17 Certain 2015-2025 Model Year Multiple Vehicle Lines Rear View Camera Replacement If Required After Dealer Evaluation
  • SSM 54601 Service bulletin
    2026-02-24 · Electrical System
  • Ford and Lincoln vehicles equipped with wired keyless entry keypad systems and accessory wireless keyless entry keypad systems may or may not come with a wallet card containing the master code. Unlike the integrated wired keypad, the accessory wireless keypad master code cannot be retrieved from the vehicle using a diagnostic scan tool or from the label printed on the body control module (BCM). Th
  • SSM 54592 Service bulletin
    2026-02-17 · Power Train
  • For 20172026 vehicles equipped with a 10R transmission, a revision to the Road Testing Vehicle procedure has been made in the WSM, located in Section 307-01 > Diagnosis and Testing. This updated procedure improves the diagnosis of customer reported transmission concerns and aids in locating the proper root cause. During diagnosis and testing, details regarding whether the condition is more preval
  • 25E10 Emissions
    2025-12-13 · Power Train
  • Certain 2018-2020 Model Year F-150 Vehicles Equipped With 3.3L Engines Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Reprogramming
  • 25L02 Other
    2025-12-02 · Unknown Or Other
  • Special Field Action 25L02 Certain 2017-2024 Model Year California Emissions-Certified Vehicles Transmission Control Assembly Reimbursement

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

CodeWhat it meansMost often filed underWhere it appears
P0732
P0732 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins · 4 owner reports
P0734
P0734 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins · 4 owner reports
P07F7
P07F7 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins · 4 owner reports
P076F
P076F on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins · 3 owner reports
P07F6
P07F6 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins · 1 owner report
P2707
P2707 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins · 1 owner report
P2708
P2708 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins · 1 owner report
P0369
P0369 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine10 bulletins · 1 owner report
P0729
P0729 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins
P0731
P0731 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins
P0733
P0733 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins
P0735
P0735 on Ford →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train11 bulletins

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Ford F-150 failed the emissions check on 3.8% of first inspections — higher than the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.7% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%).

New York inspections 3.8%

failed emissions

12,121 initial inspections of 11,860 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2018 F-150Every 2018 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check3.8%3.0%12,084
Failed the safety inspection1.7%1.9%12,121
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.20%0.22%12,121
Miles driven a year11,45410,002odometer at inspection
Average odometer94,86382,833odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2018 vehicle” is every 2018 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

F-150 by model year

all years, side by side →
Year Safety Recalls Complaints
2026 F 8 18 24 mpg2025 F 16 128 23 mpg2024 F 11 231 23 mpg2023 F 13 510 25 mpg2022 F 23 814 25 mpg2021 F 29 1,299 Do not drive2020 F 11 739 24 mpg2019 F 9 1,341 25 mpg2018 this page F 18 2,325 25 mpg2017 F 17 1,460 22 mpg2016 F 13 2,084 21 mpg

Common questions about the 2018 F-150

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2018 Ford F-150 have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 18 recall campaigns for the 2018 Ford F-150, 4 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 19V278000, covering Equipment. 4 of them were filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2018 Ford F-150?

NHTSA gave the 2018 Ford F-150 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it F (28/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2018 Ford F-150?

Across the 38 EPA-rated configurations of the 2018 Ford F-150, the best EPA combined figure is 25 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2018 Ford F-150?

Transport Canada measured it at 207.5–248.8 in long, 79.9–86.2 in wide (body, without mirrors), 75.2–78.3 in tall, on a 122.4–163.8 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,050–5,697 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2018 Ford F-150?

Owners have filed 2325 complaints with NHTSA about the 2018 Ford F-150, most often about power train, engine, unspecified. Of those, 64 involved a crash, 33 a fire, 52 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2018 Ford F-150?

The EPA smog rating for the 2018 Ford F-150 runs 1 to 5 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III LEV160, California LEV-III ULEV125, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 160, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70, Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2018 Ford F-150?

The manufacturer has filed 418 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2018 Ford F-150, most often covering engine, equipment, electrical system. The most recent is dated 2026-09-30. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2018 Ford F-150 do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Ford F-150 failed the emissions check on 3.8% of first inspections — higher than the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.7% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations38 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates38 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls18NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints2325NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings6 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins418NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations2NHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationOpen and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA8 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Where to go next

pages beside this one
Other years The 2026 F-150 The F-150 model year with the cleanest record on file — grade F, 8 recalls.Recalls Every Ford recall on file All campaigns filed against Ford vehicles, newest first, with the manufacturer's own number.Recall Watch Watch this F-150 by VIN Give it the VIN and you hear the night a campaign is filed — from $29 a month for a lot, free for ten.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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