2018 Ram 1500
The 2018 Ram 1500 is sold in the U.S. as a gas and diesel large pickup truck with 7 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the 1500 2WD, is EPA-rated at 23 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 15 recall campaigns for this model year, 5 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 667 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall.

Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1500 2WD | Gas | RWD | 3.6L 6-cyl | 17 | 25 | 20 | $3,350 |
| 1500 4WD | Gas | 4WD | 3.6L 6-cyl | 16 | 23 | 19 | $3,550 |
| 1500 2WD | Gas | RWD | 5.7L 8-cyl | 15 | 22 | 17 | $4,450 |
| 1500 4WD | Gas | 4WD | 5.7L 8-cyl | 15 | 21 | 17 | $4,450 |
| 1500 4WD | Gas | 4WD | 5.7L 8-cyl | 13 | 18 | 14 | $5,450 |
| 1500 2WD | Diesel | RWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 20 | 27 | 23 | $4,150 |
| 1500 4WD | Diesel | 4WD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 19 | 27 | 22 | $4,350 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 39619, 39620, 39358, 39362, 39361, 39868, 39869.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1500 2WD, 1500 4WD | 3 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| 1500 2WD, 1500 4WD | 1 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 160 / California LEV-II LEV | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Pickup |
| GVWR class | Class 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg) |
Engine Basics
| Cylinders | 8 |
| Displacement | 5.7 L |
| Engine configuration | V-Shaped |
Engine Output
| Horsepower | 395 hp |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | 4x2 |
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: Rebel, SLT, ST, Sport). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 205.9–235.0 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 79.1 in |
| Height | 74.4–78.0 in |
| Wheelbase | 120.5–149.2 in |
| Track, front | 68.1–68.5 in |
| Track, rear | 67.7 in |
| Curb weight | 4,511–5,386 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 57/43 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 10 configurations: Ram Crew Cab 5.7-FT Box 2WD, Ram Crew Cab 5.7-FT Box 4X4, Ram Crew Cab 6.4-FT Box 2WD, Ram Crew Cab 6.4-FT Box 4X4, Ram Quad Cab 6.4-FT Box 2WD, Ram Quad Cab 6.4-FT Box 4X4 …. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2018 Ram 1500 is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (15)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseAir Bags
05C, 09C, 10CEngine And Engine Cooling
66AFuel System, Diesel
Z46Air Bags
Y55Engine And Engine Cooling
W58Engine And Engine Cooling
VB1Latches/Locks/Linkages
V44Power Train
V48Power Train
U88Electrical System
U87Back Over Prevention
U56Electrical System
U49,U59-U65,U68,U73Power Train
U43Power Train
U11These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Power Train:Automatic Transmission:Gear Position Indication (Prndl) — Post Recall Remedy Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) Failure open
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has received 14 Vehicle Owner Questionnaire (VOQ) reports and 6 EWR Death & Injury (D&I) reports describing post recall remedy failures of the brake transmission shift interlock (BTSI) system in certain Model Year (MY) 2013-2018 RAM pickup trucks. The subject vehicle models include 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks equipped with a column mounted shift lever. The failures of the BTSI described in the VOQs occurred on vehicles that had all previously been repaired under recall 17V-821 or 18V-100. Both recalls address a potential condition which can cause the BTSI locking pin to become stuck allowing the transmission to be shifted out of Park with
Opened Jul 3, 2025 · action RQ25003 · the investigation’s page →
Fuel System, Diesel:Delivery:Fuel Pump — High pressure fuel pump failure open
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened PE21-021 on October 14, 2021, to investigate incidents alleging a stall/loss of motive power as a result of high-pressure fuel pump failures in certain model year (MY) 2019-2020 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 heavy duty trucks equipped with 6.7L Cummins turbodiesel engines. During the investigation, ODI sought to determine if the related defect allegation was limited in scope to the recalled population. After review of information request response materials from both FCA and BMW, NHTSA determined that sufficient information to identify a comprehensive recall population could not be produced by FCA and BMW. During the investigation FCA filed re
Opened Mar 17, 2023 · action EA23001 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific 1500
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2018 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Ram publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2018 Ram 1500, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2018 Ram 1500
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this 1500 →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database25 involved a crash · 8 a fire · 25 injuries · 0 deaths reported
29 per 10,000 built · Ram reported 230,514 1500 built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2018: 25 · 2019: 48 · 2020: 70 · 2021: 76 · 2022: 65 · 2023: 117 · 2024: 108 · 2025: 89 · 2026: 69
Most-cited components
In depth: electrical problems → · engine problems → · fuel system problems → · transmission and drivetrain problems →
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
Fuel nozzle repeatedly gets stuck in fuel filler housing. Unable to dislodge nozzle. Filler assembly broke and filler neck loose. Now unable to fill gas tank
The uconnect does not work all the time some day it will work and then the next time I try to use it it doesn't
While driving on an interstate 5 in washington in cruise control at 76mph going up hill, the truck made a gear grinding noise. I turn off cruise and let the truck coast uphill, the truck was making a whining uphill.
The contact owns a 2018 Ram 1500. While driving into a garage with the brake pedal depressed, the vehicle accelerated and crashed into the corner of the contact's house. There was no warning indicator illuminated. The air bags did not deploy. The contact sustained minor injuries that did not require medical attention.
Sometimes, when I make a left or right turn or hit a bump in the road, or a pothole, there is a "thud" sound in the front of the truck. The sound is like metal against metal. I've talked to the dealership and they didn't hear it when they took it for a test drive
At 5 months 3600 miles of ownership the 4 corner air suspension went out. This also caused me to loss my electric stability control of the vehicle. While driving down the highway and switching lanes (before I know of the issue) the truck became very loose.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Ram itself: 115 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 4 killed, 155 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 50 per 100,000 built. Every 1500 model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 206 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 14,000 and 72,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Median mileage by component
| Component | Reports | Median miles | Vs same age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Engine | 49 | 49,418 | 0.99× |
| Fuel/Propulsion System | 39 | 64,137 | 2.01× |
| Electrical System | 38 | 24,000 | 1.06× |
| Power Train | 19 | 24,557 | 0.71× |
| Unspecified | 16 | 35,400 | — |
| Steering | 16 | 77,825 | 5.37× |
| Suspension | 13 | 15,356 | 0.9× |
Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2018-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Here, owners reported later: fuel/propulsion system (2.01×), steering (5.37×). Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.
Across 2018–2022 model years the Ram 1500 ranks 47 of 79 nameplates in the odometer-at-first-complaint study: owners reported problems at 1.19× the mileage of vehicles the same age (median 25,600 miles against a fleet 23,512).
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PU/CC 2WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 20% |
| PU/CC 4WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ | 22% |
| PU/EC 2WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 20% |
| PU/EC 4WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ | 22% |
| PU/RC 2WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 20% |
| PU/RC 4WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ | 22% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Equipment, Electrical System, Engine, Fuel/Propulsion System, Structure.
- S2621000004 Service bulletin2026-09-30 · Power Train
- The Customer May Complain About a Popping Noise, Grinding Noise, or an Intermittent No Reverse or Forward Transmission Engagement. The Tech May Find Damaged and/or Worn Transmission Output Shaft Splines (850RE Transmission Only)
- S2208000045 REV. D Service bulletin2026-06-26 · Structure — Body
- Backup Camera Poor Image Quality Inspection
- S1623000028 Rev. K Service bulletin2026-06-12 · Electrical System
- Outside Power Fold Rearview Mirror Noise Or Loose At Pivot. Mirror Contacts Door Window Glass In The Folded Position.
- S1623000028 REV. J Service bulletin2026-06-05 · Structure — Body
- Outside Power Fold Rearview Mirror Noise Or Loose At Pivot. Mirror Contacts Door Window Glass In The Folded Position.
- S1623000028 REV. I Service bulletin2026-05-29 · Electrical System
- Outside Power Fold Rearview Mirror Noise Or Loose At Pivot. Mirror Contacts Door Window Glass In The Folded Position.
- S2623000032 Service bulletin2026-04-30 · Structure — Body
- Squeak Or Squawk Noise Coming From Either Side Door Of The Vehicle, It Could Be Just One Door Or More. The Noise Can Be Present In Either The Upper Or The Lower Hinge.
- S1623000028 REV. H Service bulletin2026-04-01 · Structure — Body
- Outside Power Fold Rearview Mirror Noise Or Loose At Pivot. Mirror Contacts Door Window Glass In The Folded Position.
- S2621000003 REV. A Service bulletin2026-03-09 · Power Train
- The vehicle will exhibit a service transmission/check engine warning indicator for the following transmission models: 845RE, 8HP45, 850RE, 8HP50, 8HP70, 8HP75, 8HP75-PHEV, 8HP75-LCV, 8HP90, 8HP95. Transmissions may exhibit the following diagnostic codes: P07E4, P1DB2, P0716, P1B14, P0733, P1D90, P1DB7, P1B13.
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| P203E P203E on Ram → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 9 bulletins |
| P208B P208B on Ram → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Service Brakes · Brake pads → | 9 bulletins |
| P20E8 P20E8 on Ram → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Service Brakes · Brake pads → | 9 bulletins |
| P0513 P0513 on Ram → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 4 bulletins |
| P057B P057B on Ram → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 4 bulletins |
| P0441 P0441 on Ram → | The evaporative purge is not flowing the way it should. | Fuel/Propulsion System · EVAP purge valve → | 3 bulletins |
| P062A P062A on Ram → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Fuel/Propulsion System · Fuel pump → | 3 bulletins |
| P241D | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 3 bulletins |
| C140E | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 2 bulletins |
| P0087 P0087 on Ram → | Fuel rail pressure is below what the system commanded. | Fuel/Propulsion System · Fuel pump → | 2 owner reports |
| P0335 P0335 on Ram → | A fault in the crankshaft position sensor circuit — the computer has lost track of where the crank is. | Engine · Crankshaft position sensor → | 1 bulletin · 1 owner report |
| P0336 | The crankshaft position signal is present but implausible. | Engine · Crankshaft position sensor → | 2 owner reports |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Ram 1500 failed the emissions check on 2.8% of first inspections — close to the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.1% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%).
failed emissions
7,650 initial inspections of 7,515 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2018 1500 | Every 2018 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 2.8% | 3.0% | 7,628 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 2.1% | 1.9% | 7,650 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.22% | 0.22% | 7,650 |
| Miles driven a year | 11,458 | 10,002 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 94,935 | 82,833 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2018 vehicle” is every 2018 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Compare the 2018 1500 with
Any vehicle, your weights →| Head-to-head | Verdict | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 GMC Sierra · Large Pickup truck · grade F | Sierra +17.8 |
1500 by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2018 1500
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2018 Ram 1500 have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 15 recall campaigns for the 2018 Ram 1500, 5 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 25V592000, covering Air Bags. 3 of them were filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. The manufacturer's own estimate for when a fix would be ready: July 2024. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2018 Ram 1500?
NHTSA gave the 2018 Ram 1500 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it F (26/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2018 Ram 1500?
Across the 7 EPA-rated configurations of the 2018 Ram 1500, the best EPA combined figure is 23 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2018 Ram 1500?
Transport Canada measured it at 205.9–235.0 in long, 79.1 in wide (body, without mirrors), 74.4–78.0 in tall, on a 120.5–149.2 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,511–5,386 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2018 Ram 1500?
Owners have filed 667 complaints with NHTSA about the 2018 Ram 1500, most often about electrical system, engine, fuel/propulsion system. Of those, 25 involved a crash, 8 a fire, 25 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2018 Ram 1500?
The EPA smog rating for the 2018 Ram 1500 runs 1 to 3 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-II LEV, Federal Tier 3 Bin 160, Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2018 Ram 1500?
The manufacturer has filed 498 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2018 Ram 1500, most often covering equipment, electrical system, engine. The most recent is dated 2026-09-30. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2018 Ram 1500 do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Ram 1500 failed the emissions check on 2.8% of first inspections — close to the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.1% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
Is the 2018 Ram 1500 better than the 2018 GMC Sierra?
The GMC Sierra wins clearly, 85 to 67.2, on safety, fuel & range. We publish a full side-by-side of the 2018 Ram 1500 against the 2018 GMC Sierra — specifications by family, equipment feature by feature, safety record and ownership costs. You can re-weight what matters to you and the verdict recalculates.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 7 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 7 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 15 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 667 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 6 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 498 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 2 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 8 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.