2018 Land Rover Range Rover
The 2018 Land Rover Range Rover is sold in the U.S. as a gas and diesel large SUV with 16 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Range Rover Velar, is EPA-rated at 28 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 8 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of C. Owners have filed 134 complaints, most often about the engine.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range Rover Evoque | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 22 | 29 | 25 | $3,300 |
| Range Rover Evoque (286 Hp) | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 21 | 29 | 24 | $3,400 |
| Range Rover Evoque Convertible | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 21 | 29 | 24 | $3,400 |
| Range Rover Velar | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 21 | 27 | 23 | $3,550 |
| Range Rover Velar | Gas | AWD | 3.0L 6-cyl | 18 | 24 | 20 | $4,100 |
| Range Rover | Gas | 4WD | 3.0L 6-cyl | 17 | 23 | 19 | $4,350 |
| Range Rover Sport | Gas | 4WD | 3.0L 6-cyl | 17 | 23 | 19 | $4,350 |
| Range Rover Sport | Gas | 4WD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 17 | 22 | 19 | $4,350 |
| Range Rover | Gas | 4WD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 16 | 21 | 18 | $4,550 |
| Range Rover LWB | Gas | 4WD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 16 | 21 | 18 | $4,550 |
| Range Rover SVA | Gas | 4WD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 14 | 19 | 16 | $5,150 |
| Range Rover Sport SVR | Gas | 4WD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 15 | 20 | 16 | $5,150 |
| Range Rover LWB SVA | Gas | 4WD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 13 | 19 | 15 | $5,500 |
| Range Rover Velar | Diesel | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 26 | 30 | 28 | $3,400 |
| Range Rover | Diesel | 4WD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 22 | 28 | 24 | $4,000 |
| Range Rover Sport | Diesel | 4WD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 22 | 28 | 24 | $4,000 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 39849, 39633, 39632, 39268, 39184, 39807, 39808, 39907, 39903, 39904.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Velar | 7 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Range Rover, Range Rover Evoque (286 Hp), Range Rover Evoque Convertible, Range Rover Velar | 7 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Range Rover LWB, Range Rover SVA, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Sport SVR | 3 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV125 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Range Rover, Range Rover LWB SVA | 3 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 / California LEV-III ULEV125 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Velar | 1 / 10 | California LEV-III LEV160 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 160 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Range Rover | 1 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 160 / California LEV-III LEV160 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] |
| Doors | 5 |
| GVWR class | Class 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg) |
Engine Basics
| Cylinders | 8 |
| Displacement | 5 L |
| Engine configuration | V-Shaped |
Engine Output
| Horsepower | 518 hp |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Seating
| Seat rows | 2 |
| Seating capacity | 5 seats |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | AWD/All-Wheel Drive |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Transmission speeds | 8 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Parking assist
Optional: Adaptive cruise control, Lane keeping assist
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: HSE, HSE Dynamic, SE Premium / Landmark Edition, SE/SE Premium). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 171.7–204.7 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 77.6–81.5 in |
| Height | 63.4–72.4 in |
| Wheelbase | 104.7–122.8 in |
| Track, front | 64.2–66.5 in |
| Track, rear | 64.2–66.1 in |
| Curb weight | 3,616–5,710 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 48/52 to 59/41 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 7 configurations: Evoque 4-door SUV, Evoque Convertible, LWB 4-door SUV, SWB 4-door SUV, Sport Se/Hse, Sport Supercharged/Autobiography …. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2018 Land Rover Range Rover is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (8)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseBack Over Prevention
N778Exterior Lighting
N556Back Over Prevention
N367Forward Collision Avoidance
N227Visibility
N143Tires
N164Fuel System, Gasoline
N138These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Steering:Linkages:Knuckle:Spindle:Arm — Front Steering Knuckle Fractures open
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) is upgrading its Preliminary Evaluation (PE25006) of front steering knuckle fractures on model year (MY) 2014 through 2017 Range Rover Sport vehicles to an Engineering Analysis. ODI opened PE25006 on June 27, 2025, after receiving 12 Vehicle Owner's Questionnaire (VOQ) reports of the front aluminum steering knuckles fracturing in these vehicles. The reports describe the fractures occurring at the joint where the steering knuckle attaches to the upper control arm ball joint in one or both steering knuckles. Fracture of the front suspension knuckle can lead to detachment of the upper suspension arm. Detachment of the upper suspension arm results in t
Opened Apr 24, 2026 · action EA26003 · the investigation’s page →
Electrical System:Propulsion System — Pedestrian alert sounds closed
NHTSA received a petition on or about July 18, 2022, requesting that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 141 be applied to all electric and hybrid vehicles operating in the United States. The petition can be reviewed at NHTSA.gov under ODI Number 11486072. FMVSS 141 establishes performance requirements for pedestrian alert sounds for motor vehicles. The standard applies to hybrid and electric vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 KG or less or are defined as low-speed vehicles. The standard became fully applicable to all such vehicles manufactured on or after March 1, 2021. On January 27, 2023, NHTSA opened Defect Petition (DP) 22-005 to evaluate the subject mat
Opened Jan 27, 2023 · closed Aug 7, 2023 · action DP22005 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific Range Rover
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2018 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Land Rover publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Range Rover →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database5 involved a crash · 3 a fire · 10 injuries · 0 deaths reported
24 per 10,000 built · Land Rover reported 56,241 Range Rover built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2018: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2020: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2024: 25 · 2025: 23 · 2026: 20
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
In October 2026, I discovered substantial water intrusion inside my Range Rover. An independent automotive mechanic has diagnosed a failure of the sunroof drainage system as the source of the water intrusion.
The contact owns a 2018 Land Rover Range Rover. The contact stated that while driving at an undisclosed speed, the message flashing forward alert not available, brake assist not available, transmission fault, AEB not available, HDC not available were displayed.
I've been having various start/stop issues with my car in the middle of traffic with are real safety issues. My first visit at Land Rover dealership was back on July 12, 2024 for a powertrain recall. Full inspection during that time revealed that everything else worked fine with my car expect that a new set of tires were needed.
The contact owns a 2018 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque. The contact stated the the windshield was leaking from the top center When in reverse the image the back over prevention would display a blurred and distorted image. When used at night only lights are able to been seen in the image displayed.
My brother in law was driving my 2018 Range Rover (with only 47,000 miles) on the busy highway. Without any warning, the car lost power. He was able to swerve into breakdown lane (thankful he was in right lane).
There was a failure of airbag deployment during a front end collision at 45 mph which resulted in extensive bodily injury damages. Airbags failed to deploy in front end collision, causing extensive bodily injury damage surpassing insurance minimums.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Land Rover itself: 3 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 3 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 5.3 per 100,000 built. Every Range Rover model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 45 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 4,000 and 54,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Median mileage by component
| Component | Reports | Median miles | Vs same age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Engine | 13 | 60,000 | 1.2× |
Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2018-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAPNHTSA has not published 5-Star crash ratings for this model year.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Electrical System, Equipment, Power Train, Engine, Steering.
- N881 Range Rover 18SEP26 Other2026-09-18 · Power Train
- Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) may illuminate if the vehicle is refueled within 15 seconds of turning the engine off.
- N900 Range Rover 18SEP26 Other2026-09-18 · Unknown Or Other
- Catalyst Over Temperature
- N900 Range Rover 21AUG26 Other2026-08-21 · Power Train
- Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) illuminated on the instrument cluster. The root cause of the symptoms is the catalytic converter over temperature.
- N881 Range Rover 21AUG26 Other2026-08-21 · Power Train
- Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) may illuminate if the vehicle is refueled within 15 seconds of turning the engine off.
- TUCC_AUG2026_11 Other2026-08-21 · Unknown Or Other
- Catalyst over temperature
- N900v3 - 13AUG26 Service bulletin2026-08-13 · Unknown Or Other
- Catalyst Over Temperature
- N881 Range Rover 17JUL26 Other2026-07-17 · Power Train
- Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Software Update
- SSM76468 - 03JUL26 Other2026-07-04 · Unknown Or Other
- Unable to select Navigation when pressing the navigation Tile on theTouchscreen.
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| P2002 | The diesel particulate filter is not trapping soot to standard. | Engine | 4 bulletins |
| U3000 U3000 on Land Rover → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 4 bulletins |
| P0087 P0087 on Land Rover → | Fuel rail pressure is below what the system commanded. | Power Train · Fuel pump → | 3 bulletins |
| P0496 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Fuel/Propulsion System · Fuel pump → | 3 bulletins |
| P0505 P0505 on Land Rover → | The idle air control system is not holding the idle it was told to. | Power Train · Throttle body → | 3 bulletins |
| P0507 P0507 on Land Rover → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train · Throttle body → | 3 bulletins |
| P2187 P2187 on Land Rover → | The engine runs lean on bank 1 at idle specifically. | Power Train | 3 bulletins |
| P2189 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 3 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover failed the emissions check on 6.8% of first inspections — higher than the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.5% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%).
failed emissions
1,719 initial inspections of 1,677 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2018 Range Rover | Every 2018 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 6.8% | 3.0% | 1,711 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 1.5% | 1.9% | 1,719 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.47% | 0.22% | 1,719 |
| Miles driven a year | 8,591 | 10,002 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 71,192 | 82,833 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2018 vehicle” is every 2018 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Range Rover by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2018 Range Rover
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 8 recall campaigns for the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover. The most serious on file is 18V087000, covering Fuel System, Gasoline. 1 of them was filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover?
NHTSA has not published a crash-test rating for the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover yet. On the recall record WhichTrim grades it C (70/100), which measures open and severe recalls rather than crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover?
Across the 16 EPA-rated configurations of the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover, the best EPA combined figure is 28 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover?
Transport Canada measured it at 171.7–204.7 in long, 77.6–81.5 in wide (body, without mirrors), 63.4–72.4 in tall, on a 104.7–122.8 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 3,616–5,710 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover?
Owners have filed 134 complaints with NHTSA about the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover, most often about engine, electrical system, unspecified. Of those, 5 involved a crash, 3 a fire, 10 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover?
The EPA smog rating for the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover runs 1 to 7 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III LEV160, California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 160, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover?
The manufacturer has filed 2882 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover, most often covering electrical system, equipment, power train. The most recent is dated 2026-09-18. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Land Rover Range Rover failed the emissions check on 6.8% of first inspections — higher than the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.5% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 16 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 16 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 8 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 134 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | none | NHTSA NCAP | NHTSA has not tested this model year. Cars are selected for testing, so untested is not unsafe. |
| Service bulletins | 2882 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 2 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 13 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.