2023 Ford Maverick
The 2023 Ford Maverick is sold in the U.S. as a hybrid and gas compact pickup truck with 4 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Maverick HEV FWD, is EPA-rated at 37 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 22 recall campaigns for this model year, 4 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 347 complaints, most often about the power train. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall.

Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maverick HEV FWD | Hybrid | FWD | 2.5L 4-cyl + 84V Li-Ion | 40 | 33 | 37 | $1,800 |
| Maverick FWD | Gas | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 23 | 30 | 25 | $2,700 |
| Maverick AWD | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 22 | 28 | 24 | $2,800 |
| Maverick Tremor AWD | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 24 | 21 | $3,200 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 46366, 46365, 46367, 46368.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maverick HEV FWD | 7 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay |
| Maverick AWD, Maverick FWD, Maverick Tremor AWD | 6 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 50 / California LEV-III ULEV50 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Pickup |
| GVWR class | Class 1D: 5,001 - 6,000 lb (2,268 - 2,722 kg) |
Engine Basics
| Displacement | 2.5 L |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Seating
| Seat rows | 2 |
| Seating capacity | 5 seats |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | FWD/Front-Wheel Drive |
| Transmission | Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) |
| Transmission speeds | 1 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: XL / XLT / Lariat, XLT / Lariat). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 199.6 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 72.4 in |
| Height | 74.0 in |
| Wheelbase | 121.3 in |
| Track, front | 63.4 in |
| Track, rear | 63.0 in |
| Curb weight | 3,563–3,730 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 58/42 to 60/40 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 3 configurations: 4-door Pickup AWD, 4-door Pickup FWD, Fhev 4-door Pickup. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2023 Ford Maverick is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (22)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseExterior Lighting
26C10Power Train
24S33Equipment
25SA4Back Over Prevention
25S72Engine
25S54Electrical System
25S26Electrical System
25C06Power Train
25S16Electrical System
25C04Exterior Lighting
25S07Electrical System
25S02Back Over Prevention
24S59Visibility
24S51Power Train
24S33Exterior Lighting
24S27Power Train
24S24Tires
24S20Electrical System
24C01Electrical System
23C41Engine
23S27Exterior Lighting
23C04These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Electrical System:12V/24V/48V Battery — Loss of Motive Power closed
On January 31, 2024, The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened a Preliminary Evaluation (PE24002) to investigate loss of motive power allegations in model year (MY) 2021 Ford Bronco Sport vehicles. Consumers reported a loss of engine power accompanied by complete electrical system failure either while driving or after stopping at a traffic light or stop sign. The vehicles generally could not be restarted, and the incidents were commonly diagnosed by dealerships to a failed 12-Volt (12V) battery. On April 12, 2024, Ford issued safety recall 24V-267 covering 456,565 MY 2021-2024 Ford Bronco Sport and MY 2022-2023 Ford Maverick vehicles. The recall addressed loss of motive power resultin
Opened Nov 15, 2024 · closed Oct 10, 2025 · action RQ24014 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific Maverick
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2023 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Ford publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2023 Ford Maverick, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2023 Ford Maverick
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Maverick →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database11 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 6 injuries · 1 deaths reported
39 per 10,000 built · Ford reported 88,742 Maverick built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2023: 35 · 2024: 164 · 2025: 99 · 2026: 49
Most-cited components
In depth: transmission and drivetrain problems → · electrical problems → · engine problems →
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
The plastic cooling system overflow expansion tank sign is stress cracking in the inlet tubing at approximately 8K miles. It has gotten worse with my odometer at 12K now. I have not contacted Ford regarding a warranty replacement because they would just replace it with the same defective part.
I started the Car and it made loud boom boom sounds like as if I was at a loud concert for about 10 seconds. That stopped but then loud static or electrical sound continued even after car was turned off. Re started and the sound continued. The initial sound shook me and wife. Where wife refuses to get back in.
Shortly after startup the infotainment screen on my Maverick froze. After shifting into reverse it was unable to display the reverse camera image. I attempted several shifts between Drive, Park, and Reverse and it remained frozen.
The contact owns a 2023 Ford Maverick. The contact stated that the strong odor of mold and mildew was present inside and outside the vehicle. The vehicle was taken to the local dealer who informed the contact that the failure was caused by faulty floor pan body plugs which were improperly sealed causing water to intrude into the…
The contact owns a 2023 Ford Maverick. The contact stated while driving at slow speeds, the brake pedal was depressed, but the vehicle failed to stop immediately. The contact firmly depressed the brake pedal and was able to stop the vehicle. The vehicle was taken to the dealer; however, the vehicle was not yet diagnosed or repaired.
My wife and I were involved in an accident where we were stopped and a vehicle rear-ended us at approximately 45mph, centered on the rear of the truck. My wife was in the passenger seat and I was driving. My seat collapsed backwards completely, and my wife's seat collapsed within about 2 inches of the rear seat.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Ford itself: 3 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 3 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 3.4 per 100,000 built. Every Maverick model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 48 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 7,000 and 37,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PU/CC 4WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 16% |
| PU/CC FWD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 17% |
| PU/CC FWD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 17% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Unknown Or Other, Power Train, Electrical System, Engine, Equipment.
- SSM 55221 Service bulletin2026-10-06 · Power Train
- For 20222026 vehicles equipped with a 8F35 transmission, a revision to the Road Testing Vehicle procedure has been made in the WSM, Section 307-01 > Diagnosis and Testing. This updated procedure improves the diagnosis of customer reported transmission concerns and aids in locating the proper root cause. During diagnosis and testing, details regarding whether the condition is more prevalent when t
- SSM 55215 Service bulletin2026-09-30 · Unknown Or Other
- Some 2022-2024 Maverick hybrid vehicles may exhibit various electrical symptoms and/or a no crank/no start condition related to an intermittent 12V battery drain that has discharged the 12V battery. This may be due to the software in the anti-lock brake system (ABS) module. To correct this condition, download and run the "ABS - Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) Module Software Update" and "ACCM - Air C
- TSB 26-2092 V2 Service bulletin2026-09-22 · Unknown Or Other
- This article supersedes TSB 25-2466 to add Bronco Sport, Escape, Maverick and Corsair, as well as removing Expedition and Navigator. One time use parts for Corsair and Bronco Sport were also added to the parts list. Some of the vehicles listed in the Model statement above may exhibit a headliner rattle or sagging condition around the roof opening panel. This may be due to the adhesive separating f
- TSB 26-2414 Service bulletin2026-09-14 · Power Train
- This article supersedes 26-2058 Reason for update: update the TSB title and TSB issue to include new DTCs Some of the vehicles listed in the Model statement above may exhibit all of the following conditions: * Intermittent or permanent no reverse (R) engagement * Illuminated MIL with DTC P0767 or P0765:7E stored in the powertrain control module (PCM) In addition to the required conditions, the veh
- SSM 55157 Service bulletin2026-09-09 · Engine
- Some 2022-2024 Maverick Hybrid vehicles may exhibit an intermittent vibration and/or crunching noise after a cold start while the engine is running with the vehicle stationary in drive with no throttle input and brakes applied. An intermittent engine rocking or rolling motion in one direction may also be observed while the concern is present with the hood open.<br /><br /> The noise may be present
- SSM 55100 Service bulletin2026-08-22 · Seats
- For Various Ford and Lincoln vehicles, if diagnostics lead to the replacement of the front seat cushion cover J-clips, lower-level service parts are now available. Use service part W709919-S901 if the J-clip is completely detached from the seat cover and W715386-S424 if the clip is still partially attached. It is not necessary to replace the seat cover if only the J-clip is separating from the cov
- 25M03 Other2026-08-18 · Unknown Or Other
- Customer Satisfaction Program 25M03 Certain 2020-2025 Model Year Escape, 2021-2025 Model Year Corsair and 2022- 2025 Model Year Maverick Vehicles equipped with a 2.5L Hybrid or Plug-In Hybrid engine - Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Differential Pressure Sensor Replacement, if Required After Dealer Evaluation
- TSB 26-2343 Service bulletin2026-07-28 · Visibility/Wiper
- This bulletin supersedes TSB 24-2317. Reason for the update: update the Parts list to clarify the claim quantity of the part number RZ6Z-7840380-A Some of the vehicles listed in the Model statement above may exhibit a rattle noise from the instrument panel near the base of the windshield while driving over rough or uneven roads. This may be due to excessive movement of the instrument panel.
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| P1061 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 3 bulletins · 3 owner reports |
| P032F | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 3 bulletins · 1 owner report |
| P0767 P0767 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 4 bulletins |
| U1010 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 4 owner reports |
| U1011 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 4 owner reports |
| U1028 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 4 owner reports |
| P0766 P0766 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 3 bulletins |
| P0A7D | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 3 bulletins |
| P0DE6 P0DE6 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 3 bulletins |
| P2450 P2450 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Fuel/Propulsion System · Fuel pump → | 3 bulletins |
| U3000 U3000 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 3 bulletins |
| U3003 U3003 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 3 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Ford Maverick failed the emissions check on 1.7% of first inspections — close to the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.4% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%).
failed emissions
2,359 initial inspections of 2,317 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2023 Maverick | Every 2023 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 1.7% | 1.6% | 2,352 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 1.4% | 1.1% | 2,359 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.08% | 0.16% | 2,359 |
| Miles driven a year | 10,848 | 10,038 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 35,270 | 32,673 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2023 vehicle” is every 2023 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Maverick by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2023 Maverick
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2023 Ford Maverick have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 22 recall campaigns for the 2023 Ford Maverick, 4 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 26V340000, covering Suspension. 1 of them was filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. The manufacturer's own estimate for when a fix would be ready: December 2026. There is an active do not drive advisory — act on it before driving. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2023 Ford Maverick?
NHTSA gave the 2023 Ford Maverick 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it F (27/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2023 Ford Maverick?
Across the 4 EPA-rated configurations of the 2023 Ford Maverick, the best EPA combined figure is 37 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2023 Ford Maverick?
Transport Canada measured it at 199.6 in long, 72.4 in wide (body, without mirrors), 74.0 in tall, on a 121.3 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 3,563–3,730 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2023 Ford Maverick?
Owners have filed 347 complaints with NHTSA about the 2023 Ford Maverick, most often about power train, electrical system, engine. Of those, 11 involved a crash, 1 a fire, 6 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2023 Ford Maverick?
The EPA smog rating for the 2023 Ford Maverick runs 6 to 7 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV50, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 50 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2023 Ford Maverick?
The manufacturer has filed 123 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2023 Ford Maverick, most often covering unknown or other, power train, electrical system. The most recent is dated 2026-10-06. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2023 Ford Maverick do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Ford Maverick failed the emissions check on 1.7% of first inspections — close to the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.4% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 4 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 4 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 22 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 347 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 3 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 123 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 1 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 9 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.