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Your vehicleHome›Porsche›Panamera› 2017
Porsche · Large Hatchback

2017 Porsche Panamera

Gas
Large Cars
7 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
D
Safety Signal
62 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Recalls1 critical 6
Complaintsnone reporting a crash, fire or injury 1
Crash ratingnot rated by NHTSA —
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 24 mpg
20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2017 Porsche Panamera is sold in the U.S. as a gas large hatchback with 7 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Panamera, is EPA-rated at 24 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 6 recall campaigns for this model year, 1 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 1 complaint, most often about the electrical system.

Porsche Panamera — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Porsche Panamera · Photo: Ethan Llamas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
PanameraGasRWD3.0L 6-cyl turbo212824$3,400
Panamera 4Gas4WD3.0L 6-cyl turbo212723$3,550
Panamera 4 ExecutiveGas4WD3.0L 6-cyl turbo212723$3,550
Panamera 4SGas4WD2.9L 6-cyl turbo212823$3,550
Panamera 4S ExecutiveGas4WD2.9L 6-cyl turbo212823$3,550
Panamera TurboGasAWD4.0L 8-cyl turbo182521$3,900
Panamera Turbo ExecutiveGasAWD4.0L 8-cyl turbo182521$3,900

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 38593, 38594, 38595, 38596, 38597, 38598, 38599.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
Panamera, Panamera 4, Panamera 4 Executive, Panamera 4S, Panamera 4S Executive7 / 10LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
Panamera Turbo, Panamera Turbo Executive6 / 10LEV-III ULEV125 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 125All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleSedan/Saloon
Doors4
GVWR classClass 1D: 5,001 - 6,000 lb (2,268 - 2,722 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders6
Displacement3.6 L

Engine Output

Horsepower310 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Seating

Seat rows2
Seating capacity4 seats

Driver assistance

Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Backup camera, Electronic stability control

Optional: Adaptive cruise control, Automatic emergency braking, Blind-spot monitoring, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes one configuration rather than every trim (seen: Base (2WD), 4 (4WD)). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length198.8–204.7 in
Width (body, without mirrors)76.4 in
Height55.9 in
Wheelbase116.1–122.0 in
Track, front65.0 in
Track, rear64.2 in
Curb weight4,001–5,313 lb

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 9 configurations: 4 / 4S, 4 / 4S Executive, 4 E-Hybrid, 4 E_Hybrid Executive, All versions, Turbo …. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

Also on file Beside the 2017 Panamera
Other years The 2024 Panamera Recalls Porsche recalls
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Factory warranty running out?

The 2017 Porsche Panamera is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

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Recalls (6)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Seat Belts

APA9
37 vehicles 92% reported repaired
Problem Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (Porsche) is recalling certain 2016-2020 Macan S, 2017-2020 Macan, 2017 Panamera Turbo, 2018 and 2020 Macan Turbo and Panamera 4, 2018 Macan Sport Edition, Panamera 4 E-Hybrid, and 2019 Panamera 4 Sport Turismo vehicles. The screw that attaches the lower seat belt anchor to the seat frame on the outboard rear seats may not have been tightened properly. Risk An improperly tightened seat belt anchor can detach during a crash, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Dealers will replace and tighten the lower rear outboard seat belt anchor screws, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed August 24, 2023. Owners may contact Porsche's customer service at 1-800-767-7243. Porsche's number for this recall is APA9.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V443000 reported Jun 26, 2023 Porsche Cars North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Electrical System

APA1
24,467 vehicles 83% reported repaired
Problem Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (Porsche) is recalling certain 2017-2021 Panamera, Panamera 4, Panamera GTS and Panamera Turbo vehicles. Please see the recall report for a complete list of specific model names and model years. Humidity may enter the external coolant pump for the climate control system and cause an electrical short circuit. Risk An electrical short circuit increases the risk of a vehicle fire. Fix Dealers will replace the external coolant pump and inspect and replace the plug-in connection, if necessary, free of charge. Interim owner notification letters informing owners of the safety risk were mailed March 6, 2023. Owners will receive a second notice once remedy becomes available, anticipated July 2023. Owners may contact Porsche's customer service at 1-800-767-7243. Porsche's number for this recall is APA1.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V033000 reported Jan 27, 2023 Porsche Cars North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
●moderate

Electrical System

AKB8
44,128 vehicles 93% reported repaired built Sep 23, 2016 – Dec 21, 2018
Problem Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (Porsche) is recalling certain 2017 Panamera 4, Panamera Turbo, Panamera Turbo Executive, 2017-2018 Panamera, Panamera 4S Executive, Panamera 4S, 2018 Panamera Turbo S Hybrid, Panamera 4 Hybrid Sport Turismo, Panamera 4 Sport Turismo, Panamera Turbo S Hybrid Sport Turismo, Panamera 4 Hybrid, Panamera 4 Executive, 2019 Cayenne Hybrid, 2019-2020 Cayenne, Cayenne S, Cayenne Turbo, 2020 Cayenne Coupe, Cayenne Turbo Coupe, and Cayenne S Coupe vehicles. The instrument cluster may not provide a visual warning when the brake pads are worn out. As a result, these vehicles fail to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 135, "Light vehicle br Risk If the driver is not alerted when brake pads are worn out, the vehicle may not respond as expected when braking, increasing the risk of crash. Fix Porsche will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the instrument cluster, free of charge. The recall is began December 13, 2019. Owners may contact Porsche customer service at 1-800-767-7243. Porsche's number for this recall is AKB8. Note: This recall supersedes recall 19V115 and includes vehicles that were previously remedied under that campaign.
Filed with NHTSARemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 19V735000 reported Oct 16, 2019 Porsche Cars North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
●moderate

Electrical System

AKA1/AKA0
14,110 vehicles 85% reported repaired built Oct 7, 2016 – Jun 22, 2018
Problem Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (Porsche) is recalling certain 2018 Panamera 4 Executive, Panamera 4S Sport Turismo, Panamera 4 Hybrid, Panamera 4 Hybrid Executive, Panamera 4 Hybrid Sport Turismo, Panamera Turbo Sport Turismo, Panamera Turbo S Hybrid Executive, Panamera Turbo S Hybrid, Panamera 4 Sport Turismo and Panamera Turbo S Hybrid Sport Turismo vehicles, 2017-2018 Panamera, Panamera 4, Panamera Turbo Executive, Panamera 4S, Panamera Turbo and Panamera 4S Executive vehicles and 2019 Cayenne S and Cayenne vehicles. The instrument cluster may not provide a visual warning when the brake pads are worn out. As a result, these vehicles fail to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Sta Risk If the driver is not alerted when brake pads are worn out, the driver may lose control of the vehicle while attempting to brake, increasing the risk of crash. Fix Porsche will notify owners, and dealers will update the instrument cluster software, free of charge. The recall began April 19, 2019. Owners may contact Porsche customer service at 1-800-767-7243. Porsche's number for this recall is AKA1/AKA0.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 19V115000 reported Feb 20, 2019 Porsche Cars North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Steering

AJ13
17,667 vehicles 97% reported repaired built Oct 7, 2016 – Dec 6, 2018
Problem Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (Porsche) is recalling certain 2017-2018 Porsche Panamera, Panamera 4, Panamera 4S, Panamera Turbo, Panamera 4S Executive, Panamera Turbo Executive, 2018 Panamera 4 Executive, Panamera 4 E-Hybrid, Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid, Panamera 4 E-Hybrid Executive, Panamera S E-Hybrid Executive, Panamera 4 Sport Turismo, Panamera 4S Sport Turismo, Panamera 4 E-Hybrid Sport Turismo, Panamera Turbo Sport Turismo, and Panamera Turbo S Sport Turismo vehicles. A software failure may result in an intermittent loss of electric power steering assist. Risk An intermittent loss of power steering assist can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Porsche will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the power steering control unit, free of charge. Owners may contact Porsche customer service at 1-800-767-7243. Porsche's number for this recall is AJ13.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V898000 reported Dec 19, 2018 Porsche Cars North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Suspension

AJ06
715 vehicles 95% reported repaired built Dec 2, 2016 – Jun 7, 2017
Problem Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (Porsche) is recalling certain 2017-2018 Panamera 4S, Panamera Turbo and Panamera Turbo Executive and 2018 Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid, Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid Executive, Panamera 4S Sport Turismo, Panamera Turbo Sport Turismo, Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid Sport Turismo, and Panamera 4S Executive vehicles. The connecting links may detach from the rear-axle anti-roll bar potentially damaging the surrounding suspension parts and affecting the vehicle's handling. Risk An unexpected change to the vehicle's handling can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Porsche will notify owners, and dealers will replace the connecting links for the anti-roll bar, free of charge. The recall began October 2, 2018. Owners may contact Porsche customer service at 1-800-767-7243. Porsche's number for this recall is AJ06.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V388000 reported Jun 13, 2018 Porsche Cars North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

NHTSA defect investigations

Electrical System:Propulsion System — Pedestrian alert sounds closed

NHTSA received a petition on or about July 18, 2022, requesting that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 141 be applied to all electric and hybrid vehicles operating in the United States. The petition can be reviewed at NHTSA.gov under ODI Number 11486072. FMVSS 141 establishes performance requirements for pedestrian alert sounds for motor vehicles. The standard applies to hybrid and electric vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 KG or less or are defined as low-speed vehicles. The standard became fully applicable to all such vehicles manufactured on or after March 1, 2021. On January 27, 2023, NHTSA opened Defect Petition (DP) 22-005 to evaluate the subject mat

Opened Jan 27, 2023 · closed Aug 7, 2023 · action DP22005 · the investigation’s page →

Air Bags:Frontal:Passenger Side:Inflator Module — Desiccated Air Bag Inflator Rupture open

From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf. Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a subst

Opened Sep 17, 2021 · action EA21002 · the investigation’s page →

Whether any of this applies to one specific Panamera

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2017 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Porsche publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

NHTSA VIN check →Porsche’s own VIN lookup →

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2017 Porsche Panamera, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2017 Porsche Panamera

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this Panamera →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
1complaints filed

0 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 0 injuries · 0 deaths reported

2.3 per 10,000 built · Porsche reported 4,270 Panamera built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2023: 1

Most-cited components

Electrical System 1

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

The contact owns a 2017 Porsche Panamera. The contact received notification of NHTSA Campaign Number: 23V033000 (Electrical System) however, the part to do the recall repair was unavailable. The contact stated that the manufacturer had exceeded a reasonable amount of time for the recall repair.
Electrical System Mar 21, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11512989

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP

NHTSA has not published 5-Star crash ratings for this model year.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Extended coverage on file 2 filings by the manufacturer with NHTSA naming this model year

The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every Porsche warranty extension (5) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →

Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 4,001
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-09-23
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 3812 service bulletins, 99 others, 70 service campaigns

Most often about: Engine, Electrical System, Unknown Or Other, Equipment, Power Train.

  • No. 103-25-2 Service bulletin
    2026-09-23 · Fuel/Propulsion System
  • Technical Information for Need to Replace Components of the High-Voltage Battery - High-Voltage Battery Control Unit / Cell module; No Mixed Installation Permitted: Observe Specified Approach
  • No. 28-26 Service bulletin
    2026-09-22 · Power Train
  • Manufacturer's Certificate for Overview of Approved Porsche C40 Engine Oils. Note that this bulletin covers all models back to model year 1984, for which C40 engine oils are allocated.
  • No. 27-26 Service bulletin
    2026-09-22 · Engine
  • Manufacturer's Certificate for Overview of Approved Porsche C20 Engine Oils. Note that the bulletin covers all models back to model year 1984, for which C20 engine oils are allocated.
  • No. 26-26 Service bulletin
    2026-09-22 · Power Train
  • Manufacturer's Certificate for Overview of Approved Porsche C30 Engine Oils. Note that the bulletin includes all models back to model year 1984, for which C30 engine oils are allocated.
  • No. 25-26 Service bulletin
    2026-09-22 · Engine
  • Manufacturer's Certificate for Overview of Approved Porsche A40 Engine Oils. Note that this bulletin covers all vehicles from model year 1997 to 2020, for which A40 engine oils are assigned. Model years 1997-2001 are not available for selection in the system.
  • SPTL2609 Service bulletin
    2026-09-14 · Wheels
  • Special Tools and Equipment Information for alignment machines - Q3 2026 Software Spec Update Available
  • No. 12-26 Service bulletin
    2026-09-01 · Electrical System
  • Technical Information for Damage to Nano Plug Contacts Due to Utilization of Incorrect Measuring Equipment
  • SPTL2314a Service bulletin
    2026-08-28 · Unknown Or Other
  • Special Tools and Equipment Information for Diagnostic Equipment Standards for all USA Porsche Centers

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Panamera by model year

all years, side by side →
Year Safety Recalls Complaints
2026 B 2 1 21 mpg2025 B 3 2 21 mpg2024 B 2 2 21 mpg2023 B 1 2 22 mpg2022 B 1 1 22 mpg2021 D 4 2 22 mpg2020 C 2 5 23 mpg2019 C 2 0 23 mpg2018 F 8 12 24 mpg2017 this page D 6 1 24 mpg2016 C 4 3 25 mpg

Common questions about the 2017 Panamera

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2017 Porsche Panamera have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 6 recall campaigns for the 2017 Porsche Panamera, 1 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 23V033000, covering Electrical System. 1 of them was filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. The manufacturer's own estimate for when a fix would be ready: July 2023. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2017 Porsche Panamera?

NHTSA has not published a crash-test rating for the 2017 Porsche Panamera yet. On the recall record WhichTrim grades it D (62/100), which measures open and severe recalls rather than crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2017 Porsche Panamera?

Across the 7 EPA-rated configurations of the 2017 Porsche Panamera, the best EPA combined figure is 24 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2017 Porsche Panamera?

Transport Canada measured it at 198.8–204.7 in long, 76.4 in wide (body, without mirrors), 55.9 in tall, on a 116.1–122.0 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,001–5,313 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2017 Porsche Panamera?

Owners have filed 1 complaint with NHTSA about the 2017 Porsche Panamera, most often about electrical system. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2017 Porsche Panamera?

The EPA smog rating for the 2017 Porsche Panamera runs 6 to 7 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — Federal Tier 3 Bin 125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70, LEV-III ULEV125, LEV-III ULEV70 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2017 Porsche Panamera?

The manufacturer has filed 4001 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2017 Porsche Panamera, most often covering engine, electrical system, unknown or other. The most recent is dated 2026-09-23. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations7 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates7 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls6NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints1NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratingsnoneNHTSA NCAPNHTSA has not tested this model year. Cars are selected for testing, so untested is not unsafe.
Service bulletins4001NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations2NHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationOpen and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA9 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Where to go next

pages beside this one
Other years The 2024 Panamera The Panamera model year with the cleanest record on file — grade B, 2 recalls.Recalls Every Porsche recall on file All campaigns filed against Porsche vehicles, newest first, with the manufacturer's own number.Recall Watch Watch this Panamera by VIN Give it the VIN and you hear the night a campaign is filed — from $29 a month for a lot, free for ten.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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