2024 Chevrolet Equinox
The 2024 Chevrolet Equinox is sold in the U.S. as an electric and gas compact SUV with 4 EPA-rated configurations. Its longest-range version, the Equinox EV FWD, is EPA-rated at 319 miles with 108 MPGe combined efficiency. NHTSA lists 2 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of B. Owners have filed 190 complaints, most often about the visibility/wiper. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

| Trim | Powertrain | Drive | MSRP | HP | Torque | Cargo (2nd row) | Wheels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LS | Gas | FWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 17 in |
| LS | Gas | AWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 17 in |
| LT | Gas | FWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 17 in |
| LT | Gas | AWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 17 in |
| RS | Gas | FWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 19 in |
| RS | Gas | AWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 19 in |
| Premier | Gas | FWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 18 in |
| Premier | Gas | AWD | — | 175 hp | 203 lb-ft | 29.9 cu-ft | 18 in |
MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equinox EV FWD | Electric | FWD | 180 kW ACPM | 117 | 99 | 108 MPGe | 319 mi | 31.1 | 9.4 h | $700 |
| Equinox EV AWD | Electric | AWD | 67 and 180 kW AC Induction | 101 | 90 | 96 MPGe | 285 mi | 35.1 | 9.5 h | $800 |
| Equinox FWD | Gas | FWD | 1.5L 4-cyl turbo | 26 | 31 | 28 | — | — | — | $2,400 |
| Equinox AWD | Gas | AWD | 1.5L 4-cyl turbo | 24 | 30 | 26 | — | — | — | $2,600 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 47814, 47815, 46591, 46597.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equinox EV FWD | 10 / 10 | California ZEV / Federal Tier 3 Bin 0 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay Elite |
| Equinox EV AWD | 10 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 0 / California ZEV | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay Elite |
| Equinox FWD | 7 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Equinox AWD | 7 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
The cheapest ownership win
Insurers price the 2024 Equinox very differently, and the gap between the best and worst quote on the same car and driver is usually larger than any option you are weighing on this page.
How to compare cover →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (2)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseStructure
N232429911These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Service Brakes — Electronic Brake Module Component Failure open
On April 11, 2024, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE24011 after receiving complaints concerning a loss of brake assist in 2023 MY Cadillac Lyriq vehicles. These complaints allege a hard brake pedal, followed by a “Brake System Failure” message at start up or while driving. GM shared records regarding several internal investigations for loss of brake assist due to alleged spindle fractures in the eBoost system. GM has stated that in the event of a spindle fracture, anti-lock brakes (ABS), stability control, and traction control remain functional until the vehicle comes to a complete stop. At this point, ABS, brake assist, stability control, and tractio
Opened Aug 21, 2026 · action EA26006 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific Equinox
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2024 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Chevrolet publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Equinox →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database6 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 7 injuries · 0 deaths reported
7.8 per 10,000 built · Chevrolet reported 242,093 Equinox built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2023: 1 · 2024: 68 · 2025: 73 · 2026: 48
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
Component Malfunction and Availability for Inspection: The vehicle’s infotainment system is critically malfunctioning and poses a serious safety threat. The issue has persisted despite four service attempts, and GM refuses to repair it. The vehicle is available for inspection upon request.
Intense glare of the dashboard onto the windshield while driving. I don't know if it's due to the type of plastic the dashboard is made out of, or the grade of glass the windshield is, or both, but the glare the dashboard puts on the windshield is SEVERE and happens at ALL times of day, regardless of the car's orientation towards the…
Good day, We purchased our 2024 Chevy Equinox EV a month and a half ago. The issue we are having is very concerning. The vehicle will suddenly come to a complete stop at unexpected times. At first, it happened 3 times while we were backing up. There was no object in the road, no warning beeps, no shaking of the seat.
here is the email I sent to GM. My name is and I am having a issue with my 2024 Chevy Equinox VIN: . There have been about 5 times that the brakes fail. Pushing the brake does nothing car just keeps rolling. Once I can get the car to stop and shut it down and restart the brakes once again work.
On , about 400 miles into our trip heading South on , the Engine Reduced Power Warning came on. We were in the fast lane traveling at 70 MPH,the car immediately slowed to about 30 mph. There was no prior warning or check engine light. Vehicles behind us had to swerved and change lanes to avoid hitting us.
Report of Dangerous Rental Vehicle and Serious Safety Incident – Rental Agreement #289216922 I am submitting this report to formally document a serious safety issue involving a rental vehicle I received from Avis in May 2024.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Chevrolet itself: 30 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 42 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 12 per 100,000 built. Every Equinox model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 14 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 10,000 and 25,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 10% |
| SUV FWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 10% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Driver-assist crash reports (3)
Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-012 no injury reported · 1 severity unknown
Jun 2025 to Jan 2026 · 3 with an air bag deployment · 2 towed
What was engaged, and what was hit
System named: Super Cruise 1.0 (2), Level 2 (1)
Crash partner: Other 2 · Unknown 1
Filed by: General Motors, LLC
| Incident | System | Struck | Injury alleged | State | Speed | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 2026 | Level 2 · Super Cruise 1.0 | Other | no injury reported | MI | 80 mph | 540-13637 |
| Nov 2025 | Level 2 · Super Cruise 1.0 | Unknown | no injury reported | CO | 24 mph | 540-13272 |
| Jun 2025 | Level 2 · Level 2 | Other | unknown | OK | 29 mph | 540-11299 |
From the manufacturer’s own filing
The reporting entity’s narrative as NHTSA published it, with anything identifying removed and nothing added. A narrative is a notice, written before the entity had verified what happened.
On June [redacted], 2025, a 2024 Chevrolet Equinox was traveling north on highway [redacted] in Springer, Oklahoma with Super Cruise engaged and active. According to OnStar audio recordings, the driver reported impacting the end of a highway guard rail.
On November [redacted], 2025, a 2024 Chevrolet Equinox EV was travelling northbound on [redacted] in South Fork, Colorado, with Super Cruise engaged and active. Crash data indicated a frontal impact occurred that deployed the front seat belt pretensioners and airbags. The driver and front passenger were wearing their seat belts at the time of the crash.
On January [redacted], 2026, a 2024 Chevrolet Equinox EV was travelling northbound on [redacted] near Kalamazoo, Michigan with Super Cruise engaged and active. Crash data indicates there was a frontal impact that deployed airbags and front seat pretensioners. The driver was wearing their seatbelt at the time of crash.
A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications- Term not in NHTSA’s summary · GM warranty extension 22-NA-244This warranty administration service bulletin provides information about GM Accessories - Dealer-Installed, Repaired or Replaced During Warranty Coverage Period.
The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every GM warranty extension (33) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →
Most often about: Unknown Or Other, Electrical System, Equipment, Engine, Structure.
- N262545360-01 Service campaign2026-10-20 · Service Brakes
- Service Update. Certain vehicles listed above may experience a condition in which the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) may be perceived as activating earlier than expected during certain braking scenarios on slippery road conditions, such as ice- or snow-covered surfaces. Dealers will reprogram the brake system control module and drive motor control module.
- PIC6626B Service bulletin2026-10-16 · Unknown Or Other
- PI created to guide technicians through radio restriction process
- N262545360 Service campaign2026-10-07 · Service Brakes
- Service Update. Certain vehicles listed above may experience a condition in which the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) may be perceived as activating earlier than expected during certain braking scenarios on slippery road conditions, such as ice- or snow-covered surfaces. Dealers will reprogram the brake system control module and drive motor control module.
- PIT6457C Service bulletin2026-09-28 · Unknown Or Other
- This preliminary information is for technicians that may see DTCs that are history and should not perform any part replacements. They should follow the notes mentioned prior to anything being replaced.
- PIC6540K Service bulletin2026-09-28 · Unknown Or Other
- This Preliminary information communicates to dealers a procedure to reset the radio.
- PIT6368E Service bulletin2026-09-28 · Unknown Or Other
- This Preliminary information communicates an issue with the virtual garage door opener not programming to a garage opener. Engineering is working on a new module.
- PIT5698F Service bulletin2026-09-26 · Unknown Or Other
- This PI provides Diagnostics tips on how the LIN bus works and how to diagnosis it.
- PIT6426C Service bulletin2026-09-15 · Unknown Or Other
- If a vehicle has an issue with super cruise inoperative tech is directed to follow a diagnostic path before replacing the Image processing module.
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| P0299 P0299 on Chevrolet → | The turbocharger or supercharger is not making the boost the computer asked for. | Structure | 9 bulletins · 1 owner report |
| B1DD0 B1DD0 on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 8 bulletins |
| B0126 B0126 on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 7 bulletins |
| P0237 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 5 bulletins |
| P0300 P0300 on Chevrolet → | Misfire detected, but not isolated to one cylinder. | Structure · Ignition coils → | 4 bulletins |
| P2227 P2227 on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Structure | 4 bulletins |
| B3A6B | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 3 bulletins |
| P0534 P0534 on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 3 bulletins |
| P129F P129F on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Fuel/Propulsion System · Fuel pump → | 3 owner reports |
| B3055 B3055 on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 2 bulletins |
| B3060 B3060 on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 2 bulletins |
| B3935 B3935 on Chevrolet → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Unknown Or Other | 2 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox failed the emissions check on 0.89% of first inspections — lower than the 1.5% for every 2024 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.66% (every 2024 vehicle: 0.74%).
failed emissions
15,631 initial inspections of 15,386 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2024 Equinox | Every 2024 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 0.89% | 1.5% | 11,386 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 0.66% | 0.74% | 15,631 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.22% | 0.17% | 15,631 |
| Miles driven a year | 9,707 | 9,424 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 21,363 | 21,104 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2024 vehicle” is every 2024 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Compare the 2024 Equinox with
Any vehicle, your weights →| Head-to-head | Verdict | |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 Toyota RAV4 Prime · Compact SUV · grade B | Equinox +16.7 |
Equinox by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2024 Equinox
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 2 recall campaigns for the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox. The most serious on file is 23V869000, covering Structure. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox?
NHTSA gave the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 5-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it B (89/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox?
Across the 4 EPA-rated configurations of the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox, the best EPA combined figure is 28 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions) and the longest EPA range is 319 miles on a charge. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What do owners complain about on the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox?
Owners have filed 190 complaints with NHTSA about the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox, most often about visibility/wiper, forward collision avoidance, unspecified. Of those, 6 involved a crash, 1 a fire, 7 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox?
The EPA smog rating for the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox runs 7 to 10 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California ZEV, Federal Tier 3 Bin 0, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox?
The manufacturer has filed 889 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox, most often covering unknown or other, electrical system, equipment. The most recent is dated 2026-10-20. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox failed the emissions check on 0.89% of first inspections — lower than the 1.5% for every 2024 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.66% (every 2024 vehicle: 0.74%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
Is the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox better than the 2024 Toyota RAV4 Prime?
The Chevrolet Equinox wins clearly, 93.3 to 76.6, on fuel & range, performance. The Toyota RAV4 Prime is ahead on space & cargo and safety. We publish a full side-by-side of the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox against the 2024 Toyota RAV4 Prime — specifications by family, equipment feature by feature, safety record and ownership costs. You can re-weight what matters to you and the verdict recalculates.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 4 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 4 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 2 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 190 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 2 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 889 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 1 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | 3 | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | none | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | We had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | 8 trims | Manufacturer press kit | Transcribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.