2025 Tesla Model Y
The 2025 Tesla Model Y is sold in the U.S. as an electric compact SUV with 3 EPA-rated configurations. Its longest-range version, the Model Y Long Range RWD, is EPA-rated at 337 miles with 125 MPGe combined efficiency. NHTSA lists 3 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of B. Owners have filed 108 complaints, most often about the forward collision avoidance. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model Y Long Range RWD | Electric | RWD | 221 kW ACPM 3-Phase | 134 | 117 | 125 MPGe | 337 mi | 26.9 | 12 h | $600 |
| Model Y Long Range AWD | Electric | AWD | 91 and 183 kW ACPM 3-Phase | 123 | 111 | 117 MPGe | 311 mi | 28.8 | 12 h | $650 |
| Model Y Performance AWD | Electric | AWD | 135 and 200 kW ACPM 3-Phase | 110 | 97 | 104 MPGe | 277 mi | 32.4 | 11.8 h | $750 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 48771, 48770, 48772.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model Y Long Range AWD, Model Y Long Range RWD, Model Y Performance AWD | 10 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 0 / California ZEV | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay Elite |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] |
| Doors | 5 |
| GVWR class | Class 1D: 5,001 - 6,000 lb (2,268 - 2,722 kg) |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Electric |
Seating
| Seat rows | 2 |
| Seating capacity | 5 seats |
Transmission
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Transmission speeds | 1 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Adaptive cruise control, Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Parking assist, Rear cross-traffic alert
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim. Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 188.6 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 78.0 in |
| Height | 63.8 in |
| Wheelbase | 113.8 in |
| Track, front | 64.6 in |
| Track, rear | 64.6 in |
| Curb weight | 4,363 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 46/54 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here one configuration: 4-door SUV. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
The cheapest ownership win
Insurers price the 2025 Model Y very differently, and the gap between the best and worst quote on the same car and driver is usually larger than any option you are weighing on this page.
How to compare cover →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (3)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseBack Over Prevention
SB-25-00-001Tires
SB-24-00-018These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Electrical System:Adas — FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions open
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) is opening this Engineering Analysis to evaluate Tesla’s Full Self Driving Beta and Full Self Driving (Supervised) (collectively, FSD) degradation detection system. The focus of this investigation will be to assess the system’s ability, when encountering reduced roadway visibility conditions, to detect degradation and alert the driver with sufficient time to respond. ODI will evaluate the performance of FSD in degraded roadway conditions and the updates or modifications by Tesla to the degradation detection system, including the timing, purpose, and capabilities of the updates, and Tesla’s assessment of their safety impact. Tesla’s FSD is an advanced
Opened Mar 18, 2026 · action EA26002 · the investigation’s page →
Electrical System:Adas — Traffic safety violations while Full Self Driving ("FSD") is engaged open
The Office of Defects Investigation (“ODI”) is opening this Preliminary Evaluation (PE) to assess the scope, frequency, and potential safety consequences of FSD executing driving maneuvers that constitute traffic safety violations. This investigation concerns versions of FSD that Tesla has labeled as "FSD (Supervised)" and "FSD (Beta)." Tesla characterizes FSD as an SAE Level 2 partial automation system requiring a fully attentive driver who is engaged in the driving task at all times. Level 2 partial automation systems are designed to support and assist the driver in performing certain aspects of the driving task, requiring a driver to supervise and intervene as necessary. The driver remains
Opened Oct 7, 2025 · action PE25012 · the investigation’s page →
Electrical System:Adas — Compliance with Standing General Order 2021-01 Reporting Requirements open
The Office of Defects Investigation (“ODI”) has identified numerous incident reports submitted by Tesla, Inc. (“Tesla”) in response to Standing General Order 2021-01 (the “SGO”), in which the reported crashes occurred several months or more before the dates of the reports. The majority of these reports involved crashes in which the Standing General Order in place at the time required a report to be submitted within one or five days of Tesla receiving notice of the crash. When the reports were submitted, Tesla submitted them in one of two ways. Many of the reports were submitted as part of a single batch, while others were submitted on a rolling basis. Preliminary engagement between ODI and T
Opened Aug 20, 2025 · action AQ25002 · the investigation’s page →
Electrical System:Adas:Autonomous/Self Driving — Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts. closed
On January 6, 2025, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation 24003 (PE24033) to investigate Actually Smart Summon (Summon) sessions resulting in crashes during active sessions. According to Tesla, Summon is a short-distance SAE Level 2 system, controlled by the user from a cell phone within a certain distance and intended for use in parking lots and on private property. ODI analyzed complaint data provided by Tesla as well as complaints submitted to ODI from consumers to identify Summon incidents resulting in crashes. ODI's analysis indicates that almost all Summon reported crashes involved minor property damage claims with no reported incidents involving a vu
Opened Jan 6, 2025 · closed Apr 3, 2026 · action PE24033 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific Model Y
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2025 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Tesla publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2025 Tesla Model Y, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2025 Tesla Model Y
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Model Y →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database33 involved a crash · 3 a fire · 16 injuries · 1 deaths reported
8.3 per 10,000 built · Tesla reported 130,586 Model Y built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2024: 14 · 2025: 47 · 2026: 47
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
During the autopilot self driving feature the model Y was stopped at a red light waiting to make a left turn. For an unknown reason it proceeded through the red light. Cross traffic had to aggressively break to avoid an incident. Not sure what causes this glitch
on 2/15/2025, while backing out of a driveway at about 7:30PM, the vehicle backed into a parked car directly behind it parked in street. There was no warning signal emitted that an object was behind the car. There was no safety alert on the display. Essentially the vehicle's sensors did not see the vehicle directly behind it
1. Brake I used the FSD all the way from the New Asian Market (Charlotte, NC) to the T-section of and (Columbia, SC), then changed to driver control and turned to (home).
The contact owns a 2025 Tesla Model Y. The contact stated that while driving at approximately 30 MPH, the vehicle crashed into a tree impacting the front of the vehicle, but the air bags did not deploy. In addition, the seat belt failed to retract during the crash. The front of the vehicle was severely damaged.
The model Y has a software feature which integrates with MyQ Garage Door opener which opens the garage door whenever the car is nearby. This feature also has a selectable option to fold mirrors automatically. It is noticed that the mirrors fold even when the vehicle is in motion or not in park.
All cameras and related functions stopped working, including back up camera. GPS is not working. Tesla pushed back my service appointment until 1/21/25. Safety is an issue now due to blindspots and they will not give me a loaner car. Tesla informed me the computer needs to be replaced.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Tesla itself: 4 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 4 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 3.1 per 100,000 built. Every Model Y model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 8% |
| SUV RWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 10% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Driver-assist crash reports (124)
Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-012 fatality · 1 serious · 5 no injury reported · 116 severity unknown
Dec 2024 to Sep 2026 · 109 with an air bag deployment · 13 towed
What was engaged, and what was hit
System named: not named in the filings
Crash partner: Unknown 73 · Other 28 · SUV 11 · Passenger Car 8
Filed by: Tesla, Inc.
| Incident | System | Struck | Injury alleged | State | Speed | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 3 mph | 13781-16443 |
| Aug 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 55 mph | 13781-16417 |
| Aug 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | MD | — | 13781-16305 |
| May 2026 | Level 2 | Other | fatality | NJ | — | 13781-16285 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 76 mph | 13781-14720 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 40 mph | 13781-14636 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 19 mph | 13781-14612 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | SUV | unknown | CA | 83 mph | 13781-14588 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | PA | 35 mph | 13781-14569 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Other | unknown | CA | 73 mph | 13781-14567 |
| Mar 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | VA | 15 mph | 13781-14551 |
| Mar 2026 | Level 2 | Other | unknown | FL | 66 mph | 13781-14528 |
Showing the 12 most recent of 124; every one is in this page’s JSON and the dataset.
A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Suspension, Unknown Or Other, Structure, Seats, Electrical System.
- SB-26-18-002 Service bulletin2026-08-15 · Unknown Or Other
- On some Model Y vehicles built before February 28, 2026, the design of the HVAC inlet duct may lead to water ingress into the air filter and/or vehicle interior. If the vehicle is brought into Service for cabin air filter replacement due to a musty or moldy smell from the HVAC system, water dripping from the vents or water pooling into the RH footwell carpet, inspect the vehicle for symptoms relat
- SB-25-11-007 Service bulletin2026-06-12 · Structure — Body
- On certain Model Y vehicles, a gap between the liftgate and the spoiler outer panel may produce a whistling sound if the vehicle is driven at high speed. Upon customer complaint of noise coming from the liftgate area, rework the spoiler outer panel.
- SB-26-13-005 Service bulletin2026-06-04 · Seats
- On some vehicles, degraded or excessive glue under the front seat cushion(s) may cause creaking noises during cornering or when pressing on the seat cushion(s). Upon customer complaint, inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, rework the front seat cushion(s).
- SB-26-13-006 Service bulletin2026-05-29 · Seats
- On some vehicles, insufficient lubricant at the front seat recliner tube ends may cause creaking noises during weight shifting when the seat is occupied. Upon customer complaint, inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, lubricate the front seat recliner tube ends.
- SB-26-31-003 Service bulletin2026-05-08 · Suspension
- Certain Model Y vehicles may emit rattling or knocking noises when driving over bumps or rough road. The condition can be improved by replacing the front upper control arm mounts, replacing the front damper assemblies, and removing the wiper bracket pencil braces. This document is for vehicles that have already had the front upper control mounts replaced and the wiper bracket pencil braces removed
- SB-25-31-005 Service bulletin2026-05-08 · Suspension
- Some Model Y vehicles may emit rattling or knocking noises when driving over bumps or rough road. The condition can be improved by replacing the front upper control arm mounts, replacing the front damper assemblies (Model Y Premium and Performance only), and removing the wiper bracket pencil braces. Inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, replace the fro
- SB-25-17-012 Service bulletin2026-02-18 · Electrical System
- On some Model Y vehicles, water may ingress into the front fascia camera via the channels on the front fascia harness. This may corrode the camera connector or submerge the camera lens, which results in camera alerts and possible loss of the front fascia camera feed. Inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, replace the front fascia harness and the front f
- SB-26-11-001 Service bulletin2026-02-12 · Structure — Body
- On some Model Y Standard vehicles, the gap between the front door glass run seals and the moving glass might not meet Tesla specifications, resulting in high-pitched wind noise from the A-pillar areas when the vehicle is driven at high speed. Upon customer complaint, inspect the gap between the front door glass run seal and the moving glass on both front doors. If the gap on either side is 0.5 mm
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Tesla Model Y failed the safety inspection on 0.40% of first inspections — close to the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected.
failed the safety inspection
3,965 initial inspections of 3,935 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2025 Model Y | Every 2025 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the safety inspection | 0.40% | 0.36% | 3,965 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.28% | 0.16% | 3,965 |
| Miles driven a year | 9,674 | 8,354 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 14,044 | 12,194 | odometer at inspection |
Electric vehicles get no emissions test in New York, so the safety inspection is the record here. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2025 vehicle” is every 2025 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Compare the 2025 Model Y with
Any vehicle, your weights →| Head-to-head | Verdict | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 Toyota RAV4 · Compact SUV · grade B | Model Y +26 | |
| 2025 Ford Escape · Compact SUV · grade F | Model Y +26.9 | |
| 2025 Hyundai Tucson · Compact SUV · grade D | Model Y +33.9 | |
| 2025 Nissan Rogue · Compact SUV · grade B | Model Y +27.9 | |
| 2025 Toyota bZ4X · Compact SUV · grade B | bZ4X +2.2 | |
| 2025 Toyota Corolla Cross · Compact SUV · grade A | Model Y +18.1 |
Model Y by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2025 Model Y
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2025 Tesla Model Y have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 3 recall campaigns for the 2025 Tesla Model Y. The most serious on file is 25V002000, covering Back Over Prevention. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2025 Tesla Model Y?
NHTSA gave the 2025 Tesla Model Y 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 5-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it B (89/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2025 Tesla Model Y?
Across the 3 EPA-rated configurations of the 2025 Tesla Model Y, the longest EPA range is 337 miles on a charge. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2025 Tesla Model Y?
Transport Canada measured it at 188.6 in long, 78.0 in wide (body, without mirrors), 63.8 in tall, on a 113.8 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,363 lb. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2025 Tesla Model Y?
Owners have filed 108 complaints with NHTSA about the 2025 Tesla Model Y, most often about forward collision avoidance, unspecified, lane departure. Of those, 33 involved a crash, 3 a fire, 16 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2025 Tesla Model Y?
The EPA smog rating for the 2025 Tesla Model Y is 10 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California ZEV, Federal Tier 3 Bin 0 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2025 Tesla Model Y?
The manufacturer has filed 10 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2025 Tesla Model Y, most often covering suspension, unknown or other, structure. The most recent is dated 2026-08-15. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2025 Tesla Model Y do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Tesla Model Y failed the safety inspection on 0.40% of first inspections — close to the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected. The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
Is the 2025 Tesla Model Y better than the 2025 Toyota RAV4?
The Tesla Model Y wins clearly, 97.7 to 71.7, on fuel & range, safety. We publish a full side-by-side of the 2025 Tesla Model Y against the 2025 Toyota RAV4 — specifications by family, equipment feature by feature, safety record and ownership costs. You can re-weight what matters to you and the verdict recalculates.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 3 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 3 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 3 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 108 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 2 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 10 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 4 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | 124 | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 8 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.