2026 Tesla Model Y
The 2026 Tesla Model Y is sold in the U.S. as an electric compact SUV with 6 EPA-rated configurations. Its longest-range version, the Model Y Long Range RWD, is EPA-rated at 357 miles with 134 MPGe combined efficiency. NHTSA lists 8 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 419 complaints, most often about the forward collision avoidance. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall. Manufacturer pricing runs from $39,990 to $61,990 across 6 trims.

| Trim | Powertrain | Drive | MSRP | Seats | Wheels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model Y Rear-Wheel Drive | Electric | RWD | $39,990 | 5 | — |
| Model Y All-Wheel Drive | Electric | AWD | $41,990 | 5 | — |
| Model Y Premium Rear-Wheel Drive | Electric | RWD | $45,990 | 5 | — |
| Model Y Premium All-Wheel Drive | Electric | AWD | $49,990 | 7 | — |
| Model Y Performance All-Wheel Drive | Electric | AWD | $57,990 | 5 | 21 in |
| Model Y L Premium All-Wheel Drive - Launch Series | Electric | AWD | $61,990 | 6 | — |
MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model Y Standard RWD (18in Wheels) | Electric | RWD | 228 and 243 kW ACPM 3-Phase | 148 | 129 | 138 MPGe | 321 mi | 24.3 | 10 h | $550 |
| Model Y Long Range RWD | Electric | RWD | 228 and 243 kW ACPM | 144 | 123 | 134 MPGe | 357 mi | 25.2 | 10 h | $550 |
| Model Y Standard RWD (19in Wheels) | Electric | RWD | 228 and 243 kW ACPM 3-Phase | 142 | 120 | 131 MPGe | 303 mi | 25.7 | 10 h | $600 |
| Model Y Standard AWD | Electric | AWD | 91 and 200 kW ACPM 3-Phase | 133 | 120 | 127 MPGe | 294 mi | 26.5 | 8 h | $600 |
| Model Y Long Range AWD | Electric | AWD | 90 and 200 kW ACPM | 130 | 115 | 123 MPGe | 327 mi | 27.5 | 8 h | $600 |
| Model Y Performance AWD | Electric | AWD | 91 and 200 kW ACPM 3-Phase | 111 | 100 | 105 MPGe | 306 mi | 32.0 | 12.2 h | $700 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 50040, 49743, 50041, 50304, 49744, 50253.
The cheapest ownership win
Insurers price the 2026 Model Y very differently, and the gap between the best and worst quote on the same car and driver is usually larger than any option you are weighing on this page.
How to compare cover →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (8)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseStructure
SB-26-00-004Equipment
SB-26-19-002Electrical System
SB-25-16-005Exterior Lighting
SB-25-17-011Electrical System
SB-25-17-009Seats
SB-25-13-003Visibility
SB-25-17-006These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Electrical System:Adas — FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions open
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) is opening this Engineering Analysis to evaluate Tesla’s Full Self Driving Beta and Full Self Driving (Supervised) (collectively, FSD) degradation detection system. The focus of this investigation will be to assess the system’s ability, when encountering reduced roadway visibility conditions, to detect degradation and alert the driver with sufficient time to respond. ODI will evaluate the performance of FSD in degraded roadway conditions and the updates or modifications by Tesla to the degradation detection system, including the timing, purpose, and capabilities of the updates, and Tesla’s assessment of their safety impact. Tesla’s FSD is an advanced
Opened Mar 18, 2026 · action EA26002 · the investigation’s page →
Electrical System:Adas — Traffic safety violations while Full Self Driving ("FSD") is engaged open
The Office of Defects Investigation (“ODI”) is opening this Preliminary Evaluation (PE) to assess the scope, frequency, and potential safety consequences of FSD executing driving maneuvers that constitute traffic safety violations. This investigation concerns versions of FSD that Tesla has labeled as "FSD (Supervised)" and "FSD (Beta)." Tesla characterizes FSD as an SAE Level 2 partial automation system requiring a fully attentive driver who is engaged in the driving task at all times. Level 2 partial automation systems are designed to support and assist the driver in performing certain aspects of the driving task, requiring a driver to supervise and intervene as necessary. The driver remains
Opened Oct 7, 2025 · action PE25012 · the investigation’s page →
Electrical System:Adas — Compliance with Standing General Order 2021-01 Reporting Requirements open
The Office of Defects Investigation (“ODI”) has identified numerous incident reports submitted by Tesla, Inc. (“Tesla”) in response to Standing General Order 2021-01 (the “SGO”), in which the reported crashes occurred several months or more before the dates of the reports. The majority of these reports involved crashes in which the Standing General Order in place at the time required a report to be submitted within one or five days of Tesla receiving notice of the crash. When the reports were submitted, Tesla submitted them in one of two ways. Many of the reports were submitted as part of a single batch, while others were submitted on a rolling basis. Preliminary engagement between ODI and T
Opened Aug 20, 2025 · action AQ25002 · the investigation’s page →
Electrical System:Adas:Autonomous/Self Driving — Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts. closed
On January 6, 2025, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation 24003 (PE24033) to investigate Actually Smart Summon (Summon) sessions resulting in crashes during active sessions. According to Tesla, Summon is a short-distance SAE Level 2 system, controlled by the user from a cell phone within a certain distance and intended for use in parking lots and on private property. ODI analyzed complaint data provided by Tesla as well as complaints submitted to ODI from consumers to identify Summon incidents resulting in crashes. ODI's analysis indicates that almost all Summon reported crashes involved minor property damage claims with no reported incidents involving a vu
Opened Jan 6, 2025 · closed Apr 3, 2026 · action PE24033 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific Model Y
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2026 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Tesla publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2026 Tesla Model Y, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2026 Tesla Model Y
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Model Y →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database88 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 34 injuries · 0 deaths reported
10 per 10,000 built · Tesla reported 400,027 Model Y built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2025: 129 · 2026: 290
Most-cited components
In depth: electrical problems →
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
1. What component or system failed or malfunctioned, and is it available for inspection upon request? The fan-driven cabin temperature sensor located behind the small service panel beneath the center touchscreen produces a persistent tonal hum/buzz. The vehicle and component are available for inspection upon request. 2.
Update to ODI 11678614. This problem applies to non-FSD (Full Self Driving) Tesla Model Y cars. Tesla's manual describes Autopilot as Traffic Aware Cruise Control - it's the first step on non-FSD cars. The second step on non-FSD cars, Autosteer, is active lane keeping.
There are distortions, that makes looking through the windshield wavy/rippling. Minor distortion at the top of the windshield at the angle you look at top portion of cars in front of you and traffic lights. Major distortion when looking at the right side of the windshield from the driver seat, covering around 30% of the windshield.
The contact owns a 2026 Tesla Model Y. The contact stated that while the vehicle was in the Standard Mode or in Cruise Mode, depressing the brake pedal, there was a delay with the brake lights illuminating.
While driving along a few roads using Traffic Aware Cruise Control (TACC) or AutoPilot (AP), the car will suddenly brake for no reason at all. Speeds reduced from 75 to 50 in 2 seconds. Had there been a car close behind me, we may have collided. I am able to reproduce this on several other roads as well.
On June 6, 2025, at 5:30 PM MST, I was scheduled to take delivery of a Tesla Model Y at Tesla’s Aurora, CO Delivery Center. Upon inspection, I found visible rear paint damage. Tesla staff verbally acknowledged the defect but refused to provide any written documentation of the issue or the repair plan.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Tesla itself: 6 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 9 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 1.5 per 100,000 built. Every Model Y model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 27 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 2,000 and 13,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Median mileage by component
| Component | Reports | Median miles | Vs same age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical System | 15 | 5,900 | 1.97× |
Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2026-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Here, owners reported later: electrical system (1.97×). Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 9% |
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 9% |
| SUV RWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 9% |
| SUV RWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 9% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Driver-assist crash reports (462)
Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-013 fatality · 4 serious · 1 moderate · 14 no injury reported · 440 severity unknown
Apr 2025 to Sep 2026 · 396 with an air bag deployment · 19 towed
What was engaged, and what was hit
System named: ADS (35)
Crash partner: Unknown 273 · Other 68 · Passenger Car 35 · SUV 29
Filed by: Tesla, Inc.
| Incident | System | Struck | Injury alleged | State | Speed | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | WI | 38 mph | 13781-14842 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Other | unknown | CA | 16 mph | 13781-14838 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | WA | 25 mph | 13781-14835 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 74 mph | 13781-14797 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Pickup Truck | unknown | FL | 38 mph | 13781-14796 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 49 mph | 13781-14792 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Other | unknown | CA | 58 mph | 13781-14783 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | TX | 64 mph | 13781-14782 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | NJ | — | 13781-14778 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | TX | 17 mph | 13781-14776 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | NY | 23 mph | 13781-14729 |
| Apr 2026 | Level 2 | Unknown | unknown | CA | 11 mph | 13781-14728 |
Showing the 12 most recent of 462; every one is in this page’s JSON and the dataset.
From the manufacturer’s own filing
The reporting entity’s narrative as NHTSA published it, with anything identifying removed and nothing added. A narrative is a notice, written before the entity had verified what happened.
Summary: The Tesla ADS was stopped at an intersection in the left turn only lane with a flashing yellow left arrow light as an oncoming vehicle was approaching. A passenger vehicle that had been stopped behind the ADS proceeded forward and rear ended the ADS. The ADS had a safety monitor present in the vehicle with no passengers
Summary: The Tesla ADS was stopped at a stop sign. A truck behind the ADS proceeded forward and rear ended the ADS. The ADS had a safety monitor present in the vehicle with one passenger
Summary: The ADS slowed to a stop in Lane #3, the right-turn-only lane of a three-lane street at an intersection faced with red circular traffic lights. Vehicles in the adjacent lanes were stopped. The ADS then crept forward toward the intersection and slowed to a stop as a crossing SUV came into view from the perpendicular left.
A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Seats, Suspension, Wheels, Structure, Electrical System.
- SB-26-18-002 Service bulletin2026-08-15 · Unknown Or Other
- On some Model Y vehicles built before February 28, 2026, the design of the HVAC inlet duct may lead to water ingress into the air filter and/or vehicle interior. If the vehicle is brought into Service for cabin air filter replacement due to a musty or moldy smell from the HVAC system, water dripping from the vents or water pooling into the RH footwell carpet, inspect the vehicle for symptoms relat
- SB-26-13-005 Service bulletin2026-06-04 · Seats
- On some vehicles, degraded or excessive glue under the front seat cushion(s) may cause creaking noises during cornering or when pressing on the seat cushion(s). Upon customer complaint, inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, rework the front seat cushion(s).
- SB-26-13-006 Service bulletin2026-05-29 · Seats
- On some vehicles, insufficient lubricant at the front seat recliner tube ends may cause creaking noises during weight shifting when the seat is occupied. Upon customer complaint, inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, lubricate the front seat recliner tube ends.
- SB-26-31-003 Service bulletin2026-05-08 · Suspension
- Certain Model Y vehicles may emit rattling or knocking noises when driving over bumps or rough road. The condition can be improved by replacing the front upper control arm mounts, replacing the front damper assemblies, and removing the wiper bracket pencil braces. This document is for vehicles that have already had the front upper control mounts replaced and the wiper bracket pencil braces removed
- SB-25-31-005 Service bulletin2026-05-08 · Suspension
- Some Model Y vehicles may emit rattling or knocking noises when driving over bumps or rough road. The condition can be improved by replacing the front upper control arm mounts, replacing the front damper assemblies (Model Y Premium and Performance only), and removing the wiper bracket pencil braces. Inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, replace the fro
- SB-26-13-001 Service bulletin2026-03-31 · Seats
- On some vehicles, the LH and/or RH front seat backrest blower(s) may emit a loud grinding noise in the shoulder area of the backrest when front seat cooling is enabled. Inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, replace the LH and/or RH front seat backrest blower(s).
- SB-25-17-012 Service bulletin2026-02-18 · Electrical System
- On some Model Y vehicles, water may ingress into the front fascia camera via the channels on the front fascia harness. This may corrode the camera connector or submerge the camera lens, which results in camera alerts and possible loss of the front fascia camera feed. Inspect the vehicle for symptoms related to the condition. If symptoms are present, replace the front fascia harness and the front f
- SB-26-11-001 Service bulletin2026-02-12 · Structure — Body
- On some Model Y Standard vehicles, the gap between the front door glass run seals and the moving glass might not meet Tesla specifications, resulting in high-pitched wind noise from the A-pillar areas when the vehicle is driven at high speed. Upon customer complaint, inspect the gap between the front door glass run seal and the moving glass on both front doors. If the gap on either side is 0.5 mm
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Compare the 2026 Model Y with
Any vehicle, your weights →| Head-to-head | Verdict | |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 Toyota RAV4 · Compact SUV · grade A | RAV4 +4.8 | |
| 2026 Ford Escape · Compact SUV · grade C | Model Y +11.7 | |
| 2026 Hyundai Tucson · Compact SUV · grade C | Tucson +9.2 | |
| 2026 Jeep Wrangler · Compact SUV · grade B | Toss-up | |
| 2026 Kia Sorento · Compact SUV · grade B | Sorento +10.9 | |
| 2026 Kia Sportage · Compact SUV · grade A | Toss-up |
Model Y by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2026 Model Y
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsHow much does the 2026 Tesla Model Y cost?
Manufacturer pricing runs from $39,990 for the Model Y Rear-Wheel Drive RWD to $61,990 for the Model Y L Premium All-Wheel Drive - Launch Series AWD, across 6 trims. Those are MSRPs from the manufacturer's own press material; they exclude destination, options, taxes and whatever the dealer adds. Every trim and price is listed above.
Does the 2026 Tesla Model Y have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 8 recall campaigns for the 2026 Tesla Model Y. The most serious on file is 26V558000, covering Suspension. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2026 Tesla Model Y?
NHTSA gave the 2026 Tesla Model Y 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 5-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it D (65/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2026 Tesla Model Y?
Across the 6 EPA-rated configurations of the 2026 Tesla Model Y, the longest EPA range is 357 miles on a charge. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What do owners complain about on the 2026 Tesla Model Y?
Owners have filed 419 complaints with NHTSA about the 2026 Tesla Model Y, most often about forward collision avoidance, unspecified, lane departure. Of those, 88 involved a crash, 1 a fire, 34 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
Are there service bulletins for the 2026 Tesla Model Y?
The manufacturer has filed 9 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2026 Tesla Model Y, most often covering seats, suspension, wheels. The most recent is dated 2026-08-15. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
Which 2026 Tesla Model Y trim is the best value?
$22,000 separates the cheapest of the 6 trims from the most expensive, so the answer depends on which of the differences you would actually use. Every trim has its own page here with the manufacturer's full specification and equipment list, plus a short summary of exactly what it adds over the base trim — worth reading before a dealer frames the walk-up for you. The trim-by-trim ladder shows what every step up costs and what it makes standard.
Is the 2026 Tesla Model Y better than the 2026 Toyota RAV4?
The Toyota RAV4 edges it, 85.3 to 80.5, on safety, price, tech & comfort. The Tesla Model Y is ahead on fuel & range and warranty. Raise the fuel & range weight from 3 to 4.4 and it flips. We publish a full side-by-side of the 2026 Tesla Model Y against the 2026 Toyota RAV4 — specifications by family, equipment feature by feature, safety record and ownership costs. You can re-weight what matters to you and the verdict recalculates.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 6 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | none | EPA emission certificates | The EPA published no certificate we could match to a configuration on this page. |
| Recalls | 8 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 419 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 4 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 9 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 4 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | 462 | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | none | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | We had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | 6 trims | Manufacturer press kit | Transcribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.