2020 Ford Fusion
The 2020 Ford Fusion is sold in the U.S. as a plug-in hybrid, hybrid and gas midsize sedan with 8 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Fusion Energi Plug-in Hybrid, is EPA-rated at 42 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 3 recall campaigns for this model year, 2 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 235 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fusion Energi Plug-in Hybrid | Plug-in hybrid | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl + 68 kW DCPM | 43 | 40 | 42 (61 MPGe blended) | 26 mi electric | 33 | 2.6 h | $1,600 |
| Fusion Special Service PHEV | Plug-in hybrid | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl + 68 kW DCPM | 43 | 40 | 42 (60 MPGe blended) | 26 mi electric | 33 | 2.6 h | $1,600 |
| Fusion Hybrid FWD | Hybrid | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl + 280V Li-Ion | 43 | 41 | 42 | — | — | — | $1,600 |
| Fusion Hybrid Taxi | Hybrid | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl + 280V Li-Ion | 43 | 40 | 41 | — | — | — | $1,650 |
| Fusion FWD | Gas | FWD | 1.5L 4-cyl turbo | 23 | 34 | 27 | — | — | — | $2,500 |
| Fusion FWD | Gas | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 21 | 31 | 25 | — | — | — | $2,700 |
| Fusion FWD | Gas | FWD | 2.5L 4-cyl | 21 | 31 | 24 | — | — | — | $2,800 |
| Fusion AWD | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 29 | 23 | — | — | — | $2,900 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 41899, 41900, 41802, 41803, 41798, 41800, 41801, 41799.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fusion Energi Plug-in Hybrid, Fusion Special Service PHEV | 7 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay Elite |
| Fusion Hybrid FWD, Fusion Hybrid Taxi | 7 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay |
| Fusion FWD | 7 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Fusion AWD, Fusion FWD | 5 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Sedan/Saloon |
| Doors | 4 |
| GVWR class | Class 1: 6,000 lb or less (2,722 kg or less) |
Engine Basics
| Cylinders | 4 |
| Displacement | 1.5 L |
| Engine configuration | In-Line |
Engine Output
| Horsepower | 181 hp |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Seating
| Seat rows | 2 |
| Seating capacity | 5 seats |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | FWD/Front-Wheel Drive |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Transmission speeds | 6 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Adaptive cruise control, Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking, Rear cross-traffic alert
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: S, SE, SE Hybrid, SEL). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 191.7 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 72.8–73.2 in |
| Height | 57.5–58.3 in |
| Wheelbase | 112.2 in |
| Track, front | 62.2–62.6 in |
| Track, rear | 62.2–62.6 in |
| Curb weight | 3,472–3,986 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 59/41 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 3 configurations: 4-door Sedan, 4-door Sedan Hybrid, 4-door Sedan PHEV. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2020 Ford Fusion is in the years where high-voltage electronics and module repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (3)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseBack Over Prevention
25S72Electrical System
23S33These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Electrical System:Propulsion System — Pedestrian alert sounds closed
NHTSA received a petition on or about July 18, 2022, requesting that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 141 be applied to all electric and hybrid vehicles operating in the United States. The petition can be reviewed at NHTSA.gov under ODI Number 11486072. FMVSS 141 establishes performance requirements for pedestrian alert sounds for motor vehicles. The standard applies to hybrid and electric vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 KG or less or are defined as low-speed vehicles. The standard became fully applicable to all such vehicles manufactured on or after March 1, 2021. On January 27, 2023, NHTSA opened Defect Petition (DP) 22-005 to evaluate the subject mat
Opened Jan 27, 2023 · closed Aug 7, 2023 · action DP22005 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific Fusion
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2020 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Ford publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2020 Ford Fusion, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2020 Ford Fusion
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Fusion →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database11 involved a crash · 4 a fire · 6 injuries · 0 deaths reported
16 per 10,000 built · Ford reported 145,738 Fusion built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2019: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2022: 24 · 2023: 45 · 2024: 55 · 2025: 58 · 2026: 38
Most-cited components
In depth: electrical problems → · transmission and drivetrain problems → · engine problems →
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
The contact's husband owns a 2020 Ford Fusion. The contact stated that immediately after her husband had left the dealer after an oil change, the "Stop Safely Now" and "Check Engine" messages appeared on the instrument panel after an attempt to start the vehicle.
The contact owns a 2020 Ford Fusion. The contact stated that while driving at various speeds there was a humming sound coming from the front end of the vehicle. The contact stated that intermittently the vehicle hesitated to start. The tire pressure warning light illuminated; however, the tires were new, and the air pressure was correct.
The contact owns a 2020 Ford Fusion. The contact stated that after stopping to make a left turn; while in the middle of completing the turn, another vehicle approaching from the rear crashed into the driver’s side front and rear doors, dragging the vehicle for several feet before coming to a stop.
While driven collision sensor sudenly activated and locked my steeringweel,now vehicle is inoperative due to this issue, dealer is not repairing it while under warranty or not even making a estimate diagnosis
Water is leaking into the trunk of our vehicle through the tail light assembly and soaking all the electrical wiring in the base of the trunk. The wheel well is becoming flooded with water. All the wiring going in and out of the trunk is soaking wet. If you Google this issue.
I was backing out of my driveway and my brake pedal went to the floor. I could not stop and hit a vehicle brhind me
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Ford itself: 10 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 1 killed, 9 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 6.9 per 100,000 built. Every Fusion model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 65 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 30,000 and 96,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Median mileage by component
| Component | Reports | Median miles | Vs same age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power Train | 24 | 79,127 | 1.93× |
| Engine | 23 | 79,000 | 1.58× |
| Electrical System | 13 | 30,000 | 3.03× |
Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2020-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Here, owners reported later: power train (1.93×), engine (1.58×), electrical system (3.03×). Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.
Across 2018–2020 model years the Ford Fusion ranks 79 of 79 nameplates in the odometer-at-first-complaint study: owners reported problems at 3.65× the mileage of vehicles the same age (median 79,127 miles against a fleet 23,512).
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 DR AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 11% |
| 4 DR FWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 11% |
| 4 DR FWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 11% |
| 4 DR FWD | not rated | not rated | not rated | ★★★★☆ | 11% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Electrical System, Equipment, Unknown Or Other, Power Train, Engine.
- 25B51 Other2026-05-09 · Engine
- Certain 2021-2024 Model Year Bronco, 2021-2024 Model Year Bronco Sport, 2020-2022 Model Year Corsair and Escape, 2016-2024 Model Year Explorer, 2019-2020 Model Year Fusion, 2016-2018 Model Year Focus RS, 2022-2024 Model Year Maverick, 2016-2019 Model Year MKC and 2019-2024 Model Year Ranger Vehicles Equipped with a 2.0L or 2.3L Engine and Engine Block Heater System Block Heater Replacement
- 25H05 S1 Other2026-04-29 · Electrical System
- Harvest Program 25H05 – Supplement #1 Certain 2011-2021 Model Year Vehicles Software Verification Harvest Program
- SSM 54601 Service bulletin2026-02-24 · Electrical System
- Ford and Lincoln vehicles equipped with wired keyless entry keypad systems and accessory wireless keyless entry keypad systems may or may not come with a wallet card containing the master code. Unlike the integrated wired keypad, the accessory wireless keypad master code cannot be retrieved from the vehicle using a diagnostic scan tool or from the label printed on the body control module (BCM). Th
- SSM 54589 Other2026-02-17 · Electrical System
- Some 2019-2024 Ford and Lincoln vehicles equipped with SYNC3 may experience various connectivity concerns with The Ford App Lincoln App including but not limited to: missing activation prompt pop-upon the vehicle's center display screen when attempting to activate vehicle through The Ford App Lincoln App, incorrect location global positioning system GPS reported through The Ford App Lincoln App,
- 25H05 Other2025-11-19 · Electrical System
- This is a proactive investigation program by Ford Motor Company to inspect a limited number of affected vehicles that are customer-owned. Ford is voluntarily conducting this program to evaluate the software currently installed on one or more electronic modules in the affected vehicles.
- SSM 54366 Service bulletin2025-11-12 · Power Train
- Some 2015-2021 Ford and Lincoln vehicles may exhibit an illuminated MIL with diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) P0011, P0012, P0014, P0015, P0016, P0017, P0018, P0019, P0021, P0022, P0024 and/or P0025. Pinpoint test HK in the Powertrain Control and Emissions Diagnosis (PC/ED) or in Section 303-14 of the Workshop Manual (WSM) has been updated to address this concern.
- SSM 54116 Service bulletin2025-08-07 · Electrical System
- Various 2019-2024 Ford and Lincoln vehicles equipped with SYNC 3 may experience a partially or fully black center display screen at start-up using Apple CarPlay or Android Auto. This does not affect rear camera operation. This may be due to interference from the phone being connected into the media hub using a universal serial bus (USB) cable during SYNC system boot up. To correct his condition, a
- 24B47 S1 Other2025-05-10 · Unknown Or Other
- CERTAIN 2018-2024 MODEL YEAR VARIOUS VEHICLES — UPDATE SYNC SOFTWARE
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| B156D B156D on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 11 bulletins |
| U2100 U2100 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 9 bulletins |
| P0011 P0011 on Ford → | Camshaft timing on bank 1 is more advanced than commanded. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0012 P0012 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0014 P0014 on Ford → | The second camshaft on bank 1 is timed further advanced than commanded. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0015 P0015 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0016 P0016 on Ford → | The crankshaft and camshaft are not where they should be relative to each other — timing, chain or phaser. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0017 P0017 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0018 P0018 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0019 P0019 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0021 P0021 on Ford → | Camshaft timing on bank 2 is more advanced than commanded. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
| P0022 P0022 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 8 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2020 Ford Fusion failed the emissions check on 1.8% of first inspections — close to the 2.2% for every 2020 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.1% (every 2020 vehicle: 1.6%).
failed emissions
2,562 initial inspections of 2,500 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2020 Fusion | Every 2020 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 1.8% | 2.2% | 2,554 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 2.1% | 1.6% | 2,562 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.20% | 0.19% | 2,562 |
| Miles driven a year | 10,214 | 9,980 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 64,260 | 62,630 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2020 vehicle” is every 2020 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Fusion by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2020 Fusion
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2020 Ford Fusion have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 3 recall campaigns for the 2020 Ford Fusion, 2 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 25V685000, covering Equipment. 2 of them were filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. The manufacturer's own estimate for when a fix would be ready: December 2026. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2020 Ford Fusion?
NHTSA gave the 2020 Ford Fusion 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it D (68/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2020 Ford Fusion?
Across the 8 EPA-rated configurations of the 2020 Ford Fusion, the best EPA combined figure is 42 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions). Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2020 Ford Fusion?
Transport Canada measured it at 191.7 in long, 72.8–73.2 in wide (body, without mirrors), 57.5–58.3 in tall, on a 112.2 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 3,472–3,986 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2020 Ford Fusion?
Owners have filed 235 complaints with NHTSA about the 2020 Ford Fusion, most often about electrical system, power train, engine. Of those, 11 involved a crash, 4 a fire, 6 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2020 Ford Fusion?
The EPA smog rating for the 2020 Ford Fusion runs 5 to 7 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2020 Ford Fusion?
The manufacturer has filed 205 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2020 Ford Fusion, most often covering electrical system, equipment, unknown or other. The most recent is dated 2026-05-09. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2020 Ford Fusion do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2020 Ford Fusion failed the emissions check on 1.8% of first inspections — close to the 2.2% for every 2020 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.1% (every 2020 vehicle: 1.6%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 8 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 8 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 3 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 235 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 4 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 205 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 1 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 13 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.