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2025 Chevrolet Suburban

Gas Diesel

Standard Sport Utility Vehicle 2WD
6 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26

Safety Signal

92 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record

RecallsNHTSA campaigns 1

Complaints1 crash reported 31

Crash ratingNHTSA overall 5★

Fuel economybest combined, EPA 23 mpg

2027 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016

The 2025 Chevrolet Suburban is sold in the U.S. as a gas and diesel large SUV with 6 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Suburban 2WD, is EPA-rated at 23 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 1 recall campaign for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of A. Owners have filed 31 complaints, most often about the engine. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

Chevrolet Suburban — photograph via Wikimedia Commons — Chevrolet Suburban · Photo: Kevauto · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov

Configuration	Powertrain	Drive	Engine / motor	City	Hwy	Comb	Annual fuel*
Suburban 2WD	Gas	RWD	5.3L 8-cyl	15	20	17	$3,950
Suburban 2WD	Gas	RWD	6.2L 8-cyl	15	19	16	$5,150
Suburban 4WD	Gas	4WD	6.2L 8-cyl	14	18	16	$5,150
Suburban 4WD	Gas	4WD	5.3L 8-cyl	14	19	16	$4,200
Suburban 2WD	Diesel	RWD	3.0L 6-cyl turbo	21	26	23	$4,150
Suburban 4WD	Diesel	4WD	3.0L 6-cyl turbo	20	26	22	$4,350

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 48624, 48622, 48631, 48633, 48942, 48954.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates

Configuration	Smog rating	Emission standard	Where it can be sold new	SmartWay
Suburban 2WD	6 / 10	Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30	All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards	—
Suburban 2WD, Suburban 4WD	5 / 10	Federal Tier 3 Bin 50 / California LEV-III ULEV50	All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards	—
Suburban 4WD	6 / 10	California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30	All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards	—
Suburban 2WD, Suburban 4WD	4 / 10	Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70	All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards	—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body style	Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
Doors	4
GVWR class	Class 2F: 7,001 - 8,000 lb (3,175 - 3,629 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders	8
Displacement	5.3 L
Engine configuration	V-Shaped

Fuel Economy

Fuel	Gasoline

Transmission

Drivetrain

4x2

Driver assistance

Standard: Adaptive cruise control, Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking, Rear cross-traffic alert

Optional: Parking assist

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: High Country, LT, Premier, RST). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada

Length	225.6 in
Width (body, without mirrors)	81.1 in
Height	75.6 in
Wheelbase	134.3 in
Track, front	68.5 in
Track, rear	68.1 in
Curb weight	5,474–5,684 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear	52/48 to 53/47

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 2 configurations: 4-door SUV AWD, 4-door SUV RWD. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

New-vehicle warranty

Source: manufacturer press kits, make-level

Basic 3 yr / 36,000 mi Powertrain 5 yr / 60,000 mi Roadside 5 yr

As stated in Chevrolet's press kits for the 2025–2027 model years (4 kits); this model year's own kit states no warranty terms, so the make's are shown. Confirm the term for this car with the dealer.

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Recalls (1)

Source: NHTSA recall database

▲high

Wheels

N262554630

2,457 vehicles 64% reported repaired built Nov 2, 2024 – Jul 26, 2025

Problem General Motors, LLC is recalling certain 2025–2026 Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV, Chevrolet Suburban 1500, Tahoe, GMC Yukon, and Yukon XL vehicles with 24-inch wheels. Incorrect bolts may have been installed on the left and right front wheel hubs, which can result in the bolts loosening or deforming over time. Risk A bolt that loosens or breaks during vehicle operation can result in loss of vehicle control, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the front left and right wheel hub bolts, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed June 18, 2026. Owners may contact GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782, Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020 or Cadillac customer service at 1-800-333-4223. GM's number for this recall is N262554630. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov on May 14, 2026.

Filed with NHTSADefect report PDF Owner letter PDF Remedy instructions PDF Dealer notice PDF

NHTSA campaign 26V304000 reported May 14, 2026 General Motors, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

NHTSA defect investigations

Engine — Loss of motive power due to engine failure post recall remedy open

On January 16, 2026, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Recall Query RQ26001. This investigation was opened to assess the remedy effectiveness of Recall 25V-274. ODI has received complaints alleging engine failure in vehicles after the recall remedy had been completed, whether that remedy involved an oil viscosity change or a complete engine replacement. General Motors (GM) issued Recall 25V-274 to address concerns of engine failure in the L87 engines produced between March 1, 2021 and May 31, 2024. GM cited the root cause as a supplier manufacturing and quality issue. GM’s recall remedy for Recall 25V-274 consisted of two different repairs, either an oil viscosity change or a

Opened Aug 20, 2026 · action EA26005 · the investigation’s page →

Whether any of this applies to one specific Suburban

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2025 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Chevrolet publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

NHTSA VIN check →Chevrolet’s own VIN lookup →

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database

31complaints filed

1 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 0 injuries · 0 deaths reported

6.3 per 10,000 built · Chevrolet reported 48,846 Suburban built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2025: 12 · 2026: 19

Most-cited components

Engine 16

Electrical System 5

Power Train 5

Unspecified 3

Visibility/Wiper 3

Exterior Lighting 2

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

3.0 Duramax, thrust bearing engine failure. Less than 6000 miles on vehicle. Driving at 60 mph when vehicle went into major limp mode. Had TCM, Charging and coolant lights illuminate. GM is replacing engine under warranty. Indicated there was approximately a 2 week engine production window where this issue is being traced back to.

Engine May 17, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11738369

2025 CHEVROLET SUBURBAN HIGH COUNTRY. Vehicle is parked in my garage. Went out in the AM and the engine only cranks, will not start. Called On Star for roadside assistance. Sent a tow truck, the vehicle could not be towed due to the electronic transmission. There is no way for an owner to place the transmission in neutral.

Power Train Apr 20, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11732473

Car was parked (in covered area) when back window shattered sometime after 12pm. Car had not been driven in two days and outdoor temperature started at 62 that morning so there were not extreme temperature changes as at the time the window shattered, it was approximately 75 degrees.

Visibility/Wiper Apr 19, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11732217

My rear passenger door flys open while driving. It happens during very cold weather. It also will not latch when trying to shut it after getting off the road and trying to shut it. My daughter has been in the seat next to the door each time and it has happened multiple times.

Electrical System Jan 28, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11713948

The contact owns a 2025 Chevrolet Suburban. The contact stated that the "Adaptive Cruise Control Temporarily Unavailable" message was displayed on the instrument panel. The vehicle was taken to a local dealer where the vehicle was diagnosed, and the contact was advised that the radar was faulty and needed to be replaced.

Forward Collision Avoidance at 23,686 miles Jul 24, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11676013

The brake system had a failure and the vehicle could not be slowed down. The brakes would come and go until I was able to stop. GM dealership diagnosed it with a failed master cylinder and the part is on national back order

Service Brakes Jun 10, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11666193

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Chevrolet itself: 1 death-or-injury claim on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 2 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 2.0 per 100,000 built. Every Suburban model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP

Configuration	Overall	Frontal	Side	Rollover	Rollover risk
SUV 4WD	★★★★★	★★★★★	★★★★★	★★★☆☆	22%
SUV RWD	★★★★★	★★★★★	★★★★★	★★★☆☆	21%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications

Extended coverage on file 1 filing by the manufacturer with NHTSA naming this model year

Term not in NHTSA’s summary · GM warranty extension 22-NA-244This warranty administration service bulletin provides information about GM Accessories - Dealer-Installed, Repaired or Replaced During Warranty Coverage Period.

The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every GM warranty extension (33) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →

Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 433

Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-10-07

Kindsas classified by NHTSA 413 service bulletins, 13 over-the-air updates, 6 service campaigns

Most often about: Unknown Or Other, Electrical System, Engine, Power Train, Structure.

PIT6110L Service bulletin
2026-10-07 · Unknown Or Other
This Preliminary information communicates an issue with the SES MIL and DTC P062B and engineering is currently investigating.
PIT6477D Service bulletin
2026-10-05 · Unknown Or Other
This preliminary PI was created to advise techniians in the field that they will not be able to perform a GDS automated bleed with the scan tool dues to a issue with the software in the scan tool
PIT6457C Service bulletin
2026-09-28 · Unknown Or Other
This preliminary information is for technicians that may see DTCs that are history and should not perform any part replacements. They should follow the notes mentioned prior to anything being replaced.
PIC6540K Service bulletin
2026-09-28 · Unknown Or Other
This Preliminary information communicates to dealers a procedure to reset the radio.
PIT6368E Service bulletin
2026-09-28 · Unknown Or Other
This Preliminary information communicates an issue with the virtual garage door opener not programming to a garage opener. Engineering is working on a new module.
PIT5698F Service bulletin
2026-09-26 · Unknown Or Other
This PI provides Diagnostics tips on how the LIN bus works and how to diagnosis it.
PIT6549 Service bulletin
2026-09-21 · Unknown Or Other
This preliminary information communicates an issue with a service column lock message and DTC U3000. Engineering is working on the issue and in the meantime dealerships are to reset/clear the DTC and perform four sleep cycles to verify the DTC does not return.
PIT6550 Service bulletin
2026-09-18 · Unknown Or Other
The Rear Camera Mirror display may appear angled downward. Investigation found that an aftermarket or dealer-installed rear license plate frame can contact the license plate lamp applique, pushing the applique upward and skewing the camera display angle. Remove or reposition the interfering frame, verify proper applique seating, and confirm the Rear Camera Mirror display is correctly aligned.

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

Code	What it means	Most often filed under	Where it appears
P062B P062B on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	6 bulletins
P2714 P2714 on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	5 bulletins
B0126 B0126 on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	3 bulletins
B1DD0 B1DD0 on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	3 bulletins
P00FF	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	3 bulletins
U1962 U1962 on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	3 bulletins
U3000 U3000 on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	3 bulletins
C1114 C1114 on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Unknown Or Other	2 bulletins
C1197 C1197 on Chevrolet →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Suspension · Struts and shocks →	2 bulletins
P0300 P0300 on Chevrolet →	Misfire detected, but not isolated to one cylinder.	Power Train · Ignition coils →	2 owner reports
P0562 P0562 on Chevrolet →	System voltage is below the operating range.	Service Brakes · Alternator →	2 bulletins
P0606 P0606 on Chevrolet →	An internal processor fault in the engine control module.	Service Brakes · Brake pads →	2 bulletins

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

New York inspections 0.42%

failed the safety inspection

1,195 initial inspections of 1,169 vehicles.

Measure	The 2025 Suburban	Every 2025 vehicle	Behind it
Failed the safety inspection	0.42%	0.36%	1,195
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit	0.25%	0.16%	1,195
Miles driven a year	11,103	8,354	odometer at inspection
Average odometer	16,111	12,194	odometer at inspection

New York does not emissions-test model years this new, so the safety inspection is the record here. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2025 vehicle” is every 2025 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Compare the 2025 Suburban with

Any vehicle, your weights →

Head-to-head	Verdict
2025 Toyota Highlander · Large SUV · grade C	Highlander +10.1

Suburban by model year

all years, side by side →

Year Safety Recalls Complaints

2027 A 0 0 23 mpg 2026 C 3 18 Do not drive 2025 this page A 1 31 23 mpg 2024 B 2 45 23 mpg 2023 C 4 148 23 mpg 2022 C 4 124 23 mpg 2021 F 12 201 23 mpg 2020 D 4 44 Do not drive 2019 C 3 78 Do not drive 2018 D 4 84 Do not drive 2017 D 5 142 Do not drive 2016 D 6 220 Do not drive

Common questions about the 2025 Suburban

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 1 recall campaign for the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban. The most serious on file is 26V304000, covering Wheels. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban?

NHTSA gave the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 3-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it A (92/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban?

Across the 6 EPA-rated configurations of the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban, the best EPA combined figure is 23 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban?

Transport Canada measured it at 225.6 in long, 81.1 in wide (body, without mirrors), 75.6 in tall, on a 134.3 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 5,474–5,684 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban?

Owners have filed 31 complaints with NHTSA about the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban, most often about engine, electrical system, power train. Of those, 1 involved a crash. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban?

The EPA smog rating for the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban runs 4 to 6 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV50, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 50, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban?

The manufacturer has filed 433 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban, most often covering unknown or other, electrical system, engine. The most recent is dated 2026-10-07. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban failed the safety inspection on 0.42% of first inspections — close to the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected. The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

Is the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban better than the 2025 Toyota Highlander?

The Toyota Highlander wins clearly, 95.6 to 85.5, on fuel & range, safety. We publish a full side-by-side of the 2025 Chevrolet Suburban against the 2025 Toyota Highlander — specifications by family, equipment feature by feature, safety record and ownership costs. You can re-weight what matters to you and the verdict recalculates.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

Data	Held	Source	What it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations	6 configurations	EPA certification records	Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates	6 configurations	EPA emission certificates	Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls	1	NHTSA recall campaigns	A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints	31	NHTSA complaint database	Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings	2 tested	NHTSA NCAP	Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins	433	NHTSA manufacturer communications	Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations	1	NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation	Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative.
Driver-assist crash reports	none	NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01	No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA	8 fields	NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns	What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions	7 fields	Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications	Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipment	none	Manufacturer press kit	We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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