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2017 Kia Niro

Hybrid
Small Station Wagons
3 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
F
Safety Signal
48 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Recalls4 critical 5
Complaints4 crash · 6 fire · 5 injured reported 101
Crash ratingnot rated by NHTSA —
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 50 mpg
20272026202520242023202220212020201920182017

The 2017 Kia Niro is sold in the U.S. as a hybrid compact SUV with 3 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Niro FE, is EPA-rated at 50 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 5 recall campaigns for this model year, 4 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 101 complaints, most often about the engine.

Kia Niro — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Kia Niro · Photo: Alexander Migl · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
Niro FEHybridFWD1.6L 4-cyl + 240V Li-Ion524950$1,350
NiroHybridFWD1.6L 4-cyl + 240V Li-Ion514649$1,350
Niro TouringHybridFWD1.6L 4-cyl + 240V Li-Ion464043$1,550

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 38497, 38486, 38496.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
Niro, Niro FE, Niro Touring8 / 10LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standardsSmartWay

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleSport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
Doors4
GVWR classClass 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders4
Displacement1.6 L

Engine Output

Horsepower104 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Seating

Seat rows2
Seating capacity5 seats

Transmission

Drivetrain4x2
TransmissionAutomatic
Transmission speeds6

Driver assistance

Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control

Optional: Adaptive cruise control, Automatic emergency braking, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: EX / EX Prem, FE / LX / LX Tech, Touring / Touring Tech). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length171.7 in
Width (body, without mirrors)70.9 in
Height60.6 in
Wheelbase106.3 in
Track, front61.8 in
Track, rear62.2 in
Curb weight3,166 lb

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here one configuration: All versions. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

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Factory warranty running out?

The 2017 Kia Niro is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

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Recalls (5)

Source: NHTSA recall database
!critical

Power Train

SC276
121,411 vehicles 76% reported repaired
Problem Kia America, Inc. (Kia) is recalling certain 2017-2022 Niro and 2018-2022 Niro Plug-in Hybrid vehicles. Fluid may leak into the printed circuit board inside the hydraulic clutch actuator, which can result in an engine compartment fire. Risk A fire increases the risk of injury. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the hydraulic clutch actuator as necessary and install a new fuse, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 29, 2023. Owners may contact Kia customer service at 1-800-333-4542. Kia's number for this recall is SC276.
NHTSA campaign 23V534000 reported Jul 31, 2023 Kia America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Hybrid Propulsion System

SC256
27,030 vehicles 76% reported repaired
Problem Kia Motors America (Kia) is recalling certain 2017-2018 Kia Niro hybrid electric vehicles previously recalled under recall 18V-666. The Main Relay within the Power Relay Assembly (PRA) may have inadequate connections between its contacts, causing increased electrical resistance, which can overheat the rear seats. Risk Overheated rear seats increase the risk of a fire. Fix Dealers will inspect the PRA and replace either the PRA or the Main Relay, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 9, 2023. Owners may contact Kia customer service at 1-800-333-4542. Kia's number for this recall is SC256. This recall supersedes NHTSA recall number 18V-666. Vehicles already repaired under the previous recall will need to have the new remedy completed.
NHTSA campaign 22V836000 reported Nov 11, 2022 Kia America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Hybrid Propulsion System

SC168
27,030 vehicles 88% reported repaired built Nov 1, 2016 – Sep 11, 2017
Problem Kia Motors America (Kia) is recalling certain 2017-2018 Kia Niro hybrid electric vehicles. The Main Relay within the Power Relay Assembly (PRA) may have inadequate connections between its contacts, causing increased electrical resistance. Risk The increased electrical resistance can overheat the rear seat which is above the PRA, increasing the risk of a fire. Fix Kia will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the Power Relay Assembly (PRA) for damage. If no damage is found, the main relay will be replaced. If damage is found, the PRA will be replaced. These repairs will be performed free of charge. The recall began November 23, 2018. Owners may contact Kia customer service at 1-800-333-4542. Kia's number for this recall is SC168.
NHTSA campaign 18V666000 reported Sep 25, 2018 Kia Motors America the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Hybrid Propulsion System

SC163
27,029 vehicles 91% reported repaired built Nov 1, 2016 – Sep 11, 2017
Problem Kia Motors America (Kia) is recalling certain 2017 Kia Niro vehicles. The Hydraulic Clutch Actuator (HCA) inner oil seal may leak, allowing oil to accumulate in the cap area, possibly resulting in an electrical short. Risk An electrical short can increase the risk of a fire. Fix Kia will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the HCA caps for leaked oil and replace the HCA assembly if needed, or replace the HCA cap with additional sealant. These repairs will be performed free of charge. The recall is expected to begin June 15, 2018. Owners may contact Kia customer service at 1-800-333-4542. Kia's number for this recall is SC163.
NHTSA campaign 18V257000 reported Apr 20, 2018 Kia Motors America the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Steering

SC145
135 vehicles 89% reported repaired built Dec 23, 2017 – Jan 11, 2017
Problem Kia Motors America (Kia) is recalling certain 2017 Niro vehicles. The affected vehicles may have a damaged Motor Driven Power Steering (MDPS) connector resulting in a loss of electric power steering assistance. Risk Loss of power steering assist would require higher steering effort, especially at lower speeds, which may increase the risk of a crash. Fix Kia will notify owners, and dealers will replace the MDPS motor, free of charge. The recall began April 3, 2017. Owners may contact Kia customer service at 1-800-333-4542. Kia's number for this recall is SC145.
NHTSA campaign 17V159000 reported Mar 10, 2017 Kia Motors America the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific Niro

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2017 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Kia publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2017 Kia Niro, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2017 Kia Niro

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this Niro →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
101complaints filed

4 involved a crash · 6 a fire · 5 injuries · 0 deaths reported

37 per 10,000 built · Kia reported 27,128 Niro built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2017: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2025: 7 · 2026: 21

Most-cited components

Engine 36
Electrical System 23
Power Train 22
Unspecified 16
Fuel/Propulsion System 11
Steering 7

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

my car started releasing white smoke - i took it to repair shop, stated it was fixed, white smoke continued -car started overheating -Took it to KIA dealership and was told i was responsible for fuel leaking into engine, was told my car was not covered under warranty, I also have an extended warranty at the dealership which they wouldn't…
Vehicle Speed Control Sep 7, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11543219
The contact owns a 2017 Kia Niro. The contact stated that while her son was driving at an undisclosed speed, he noticed white smoke coming from the exhaust. The contact stated that her son pulled over to input more coolant however, upon starting the vehicle, the coolant immediately drained from the reservoir.
Engine at 97,000 miles Nov 2, 2022 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11491873
Steering malfunction. Very difficult to turn right or left, steering wheel refuses to turn. Rattling noise of metal hitting metal when turning right or left
Steering Sep 4, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11542483
During first recall 18V-666, Kia stated that I received a new PRA in September 2019 per recall instructions. July 2023, my car would not turn on and was sent to same Kia dealership. Recall 22V-836 applies to my car, and my PRA shows sign of thermal damage yet again.
Electrical System Aug 4, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11536505
Few days ago, the check engine light turned on in the dashboard of the Kia Niro 2017 The car was taken to an authorized Kia dealership for diagnostic. The dealership informed that the "Fuel air filter kit & NVLD" needed to be changed at the expenses of the owner. The same issue was described in the "Kia technical service bulletin ...
Fuel/Propulsion System Aug 3, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11536388
The contact owns a 2017 Kia Niro. The contact stated while driving at 70 mph, an abnormal sound was heard, and the vehicle lost forwards momentum. There was no warning light illuminated. The contact coasted the vehicle to the shoulder of the road. As the contact exited the vehicle, an abnormal odor appeared under the hood.
Hybrid Propulsion System at 39,000 miles Jun 28, 2021 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11422579

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Kia itself: 2 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 2 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 7.4 per 100,000 built. Every Niro model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

When owners reported it

Reported at 37k

miles, typically

Half the 32 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 12,000 and 87,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.

under 10k 7
10k–20k 4
20k–30k 3
30k–40k 4
40k–50k 2
50k–60k 2
60k–70k 1
70k–80k 0
80k–90k 1
90k–100k 3
100k–150k 5
150k + 0

Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP

NHTSA has not published 5-Star crash ratings for this model year.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 124
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-08-28
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 123 service bulletins, 1 other

Most often about: Electrical System, Engine, Equipment, Steering, Structure.

  • TSB_CLI049_R2 Service bulletin
    2026-08-28 · Electrical System
  • TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: PARTIAL REPAIR – ELECTRICAL A/C COMPRESSOR - This bulletin has been revised to include additional information. New/revised sections of this bulletin are indicated by a black bar in the margin area. This bulletin provides information regarding the partial repair of the Air Conditioning (A/C) compressor assembly on some 2011MY~ Optima Hybrid (TF HEV, JF HEV/PHEV), 2015MY~
  • PS797 Other
    2025-12-09 · Back Over Prevention — Warnings
  • PITSTOP: TECHNICAL OPERATIONS: EXTERNAL DAMAGE TO ULTRASONIC SENSOR: This Pitstop provides information related to Parking Distance Warning (PDW) alerts and repairs involving ultrasonic sensors. The PDW system alerts the driver while parking, by calculating distance based on the difference in signal transmission and reception times between the vehicle (ultrasonic sensor) and an object. The membrane
  • TSB_TRA046_R5 Service bulletin
    2025-04-17 · Power Train
  • TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: TRANSMISSION FLUID APPLICATION GUIDE - This bulletin has been revised to include additional information. New/revised sections of this bulletin are indicated by a black bar in the margin area. This bulletin provides information relating to the correct transmission fluid type and fill quantity requirement for each Kia model. A flush is required ONLY when a transmission is
  • TSB_ENG222_R8 Service bulletin
    2025-04-03 · Engine
  • TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: EXCESSIVE OIL CONSUMPTION NU/GAMMA/THETA/KAPPA ENGINES - This bulletin has been revised to include additional information. New/revised sections of this bulletin are indicated by a black bar in the margin area. This bulletin provides information on diagnosing and/or repairing some 2011-2024MY vehicles (refer to the table on pages 9 and 10 for applicable models and engine
  • TSB_ENG222_R7 Service bulletin
    2025-02-28 · Engine
  • TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: EXCESSIVE OIL CONSUMPTION NU/GAMMA/THETA/KAPPA ENGINES - This bulletin has been revised to include additional information. New/revised sections of this bulletin are indicated by a black bar in the margin area. This bulletin provides information on diagnosing and/or repairing some 2011-2024MY vehicles (refer to the tables on pages 8-9 for applicable models and engine), w
  • TSB_TRA046_R4 Service bulletin
    2024-05-16 · Power Train
  • This bulletin provides information relating to the correct transmission fluid type and fill quantity requirement for each Kia model. A flush is required ONLY when a transmission is replaced.
  • TSB_CLI049_R1 Service bulletin
    2023-06-26 · Visibility — Defroster/Defogger/Hvac System — Compressor
  • TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: PARTIAL REPAIR - ELECTRICAL A/C COMPRESSOR - This bulletin has been revised to include additional information. New/revised sections of this bulletin are indicated by a black bar in the margin area. This bulletin provides information regarding partial repair of the Air Conditioning (A/C) compressor assembly on some 2011MY~ Optima Hybrid (TF HEV, JF HEV/PHEV), 2015MY~ S
  • TSB_BOD314 Service bulletin
    2023-05-31 · Interior Lighting
  • TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: OVERHEAD CONSOLE SUNGLASS DOOR-LATCH REPAIR - This bulletin provides information to repair the overhead console lamp assembly and sunglass door latch on some 2012-2023MY model vehicles listed in the table below, which may encounter the sunglass case of the overhead console lamp not closing properly.

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

CodeWhat it meansMost often filed underWhere it appears
P1B77
P1B77 on Kia →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →3 bulletins
P0128
P0128 on Kia →
The engine is not reaching its normal operating temperature in the expected time — usually the thermostat.Engine · Thermostat →2 bulletins
P1B25Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →2 bulletins

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2017 Kia Niro failed the emissions check on 5.3% of first inspections — higher than the 3.7% for every 2017 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.5% (every 2017 vehicle: 2.1%).

New York inspections 5.3%

failed emissions

548 initial inspections of 534 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2017 NiroEvery 2017 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check5.3%3.7%547
Failed the safety inspection2.5%2.1%548
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0%0.25%548
Miles driven a year11,40810,048odometer at inspection
Average odometer105,59593,238odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2017 vehicle” is every 2017 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2017 Niro

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2017 Kia Niro have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 5 recall campaigns for the 2017 Kia Niro, 4 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 23V534000, covering Power Train. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2017 Kia Niro?

NHTSA has not published a crash-test rating for the 2017 Kia Niro yet. On the recall record WhichTrim grades it F (48/100), which measures open and severe recalls rather than crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2017 Kia Niro?

Across the 3 EPA-rated configurations of the 2017 Kia Niro, the best EPA combined figure is 50 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2017 Kia Niro?

Transport Canada measured it at 171.7 in long, 70.9 in wide (body, without mirrors), 60.6 in tall, on a 106.3 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 3,166 lb. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2017 Kia Niro?

Owners have filed 101 complaints with NHTSA about the 2017 Kia Niro, most often about engine, electrical system, power train. Of those, 4 involved a crash, 6 a fire, 5 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2017 Kia Niro?

The EPA smog rating for the 2017 Kia Niro is 8 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, LEV-III SULEV30 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2017 Kia Niro?

The manufacturer has filed 124 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2017 Kia Niro, most often covering electrical system, engine, equipment. The most recent is dated 2026-08-28. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2017 Kia Niro do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2017 Kia Niro failed the emissions check on 5.3% of first inspections — higher than the 3.7% for every 2017 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.5% (every 2017 vehicle: 2.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations3 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates3 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls5NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints101NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratingsnoneNHTSA NCAPNHTSA has not tested this model year. Cars are selected for testing, so untested is not unsafe.
Service bulletins124NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
InvestigationsnoneNHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationNo defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA12 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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