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2018 Dodge Grand Caravan

Gas
Minivan - 2WD
2 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
C
Safety Signal
75 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
RecallsNHTSA campaigns 4
Complaints8 crash · 14 injured · 1 died reported 271
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 4★
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 20 mpg
20202019201820172016

The 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan is sold in the U.S. as a gas minivan with 2 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Grand Caravan, is EPA-rated at 20 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 4 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of C. Owners have filed 271 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall.

2018 Dodge Grand Caravan

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
Grand CaravanGasFWD3.6L 6-cyl172520$3,350
Grand CaravanGasFWD3.6L 6-cyl172520$3,350

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 39621, 39622.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
Grand Caravan3 / 10Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110All 50 states (federal, all altitudes)—
Grand Caravan3 / 10Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleMinivan
Doors4
GVWR classClass 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders4
Displacement3 L
Engine configurationIn-Line

Engine Output

Horsepower283 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelDiesel

Transmission

DrivetrainFWD/Front-Wheel Drive

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: GT (US), GT FWD (Can), SE, SXT). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length202.4 in
Width (body, without mirrors)78.7 in
Height67.7 in
Wheelbase121.3 in
Track, front65.7 in
Track, rear65.0 in
Curb weight4,519 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear56/44

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here one configuration: 4-door Van FWD. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

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Factory warranty running out?

The 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

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Recalls (4)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Equipment Adaptive/Mobility

86 vehicles 2% reported repaired
Problem Rollx Vans (Rollx) is recalling certain GMC Yukon, Sierra, Chevrolet Express 2500, Ford Transit, E-250, Toyota Sienna, Sienna Hybrid, Honda Odyssey, Chrysler Town and Country, Voyager, Pacifica, Dodge Grand Caravan, and Ram Promaster vehicles equipped with QRT-Deluxe and QRT-Max wheelchair restraints. Please refer to Rollx's recall report for specific model year information. The retractors may not lock, preventing the wheelchair from being properly secured. Risk An unsecured wheelchair can move during transit, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Rollx will work with Q'Straint to inspect and replace the retractors as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 5, 2026. Owners may contact Rollx's customer service at 1-800-956-6668.
NHTSA campaign 25V876000 reported Dec 17, 2025 Rollx Vans the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

122 vehicles 57% reported repaired
Problem Vantage Mobility International, LLC (Vantage) is recalling certain Vantage-modified 2016-2019 Dodge Grand Caravan vehicles. The fuel pump gasket may deteriorate, allowing fuel to leak. Risk A fuel leak in the presence of an ignition source can increase the risk of a fire. Fix Vantage will notify owners, and will provide parts and reimbursement to owners for repair facilities to replace the fuel tank gasket, free of charge. The recall began May 19, 2020. Owners may contact Vantage customer service at 1-800-488-9082.
Filed with NHTSARemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 20V278000 reported May 15, 2020 Vantage Mobility International, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Service Brakes, Hydraulic

U86
154,335 vehicles 92% reported repaired built Apr 11, 2018 – Jun 14, 2018
Problem Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2018-2019 Dodge Grand Caravan and Jeep Compass, 2018 Dodge Journey, and 2019 Jeep Cherokee vehicles. The rear brake caliper pistons on these vehicles may have an insufficient coating causing gas pockets to form, potentially reducing rear brake performance. Risk A reduction of braking performance can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will bleed the vehicle's brake system, free of charge. The recall began September 29, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is U86.
NHTSA campaign 18V523000 reported Aug 9, 2018 Chrysler (FCA US LLC) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Electrical System

U87
12,779 vehicles 77% reported repaired built Sep 9, 2017 – Apr 10, 2018
Problem Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2018 Jeep Renegade, Compass and Grand Cherokee, RAM 1500 and Promaster, Fiat 500x, Dodge Journey, Challenger, Charger and Durango and Chrysler 300x vehicles, 2017-2018 Jeep Wrangler, Dodge Grand Caravan and Chrysler Town and Country vehicles and 2018-2019 Jeep Cherokee and 2018 Chrysler Pacifica and Pacifica Hybrid vehicles. The powertrain control module may be equipped with a voltage regulator chip in the circuit board that may fail, causing a stall or a no start condition. Risk A vehicle stall can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the powertrain control module, free of charge. The recall began October 2, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is U87.
NHTSA campaign 18V524000 reported Aug 9, 2018 Chrysler (FCA US LLC) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

NHTSA defect investigations

Seats:Front Assembly:Head Restraint — Active Head Rest Inadvertent Deployment closed

The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened PE19014 on September 9, 2019, to investigate 128 consumer complaints alleging that the Active Head Rest (AHR) inadvertently deployed without the occurrence of a crash or other rear impact event in model year (MY) 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee and Dodge Durango vehicles. When ODI opened the investigation, ODI was aware of thirteen alleged injuries. A small number of Early Warning Reports identified driver and/or passenger front seat AHR inadvertent deployments without a rear impact event. Reported safety consequences resulting from the AHR deployments include concussions, headaches, soft tissue injuries, disorientation, nausea, vomiting and/or loss

Opened Sep 9, 2019 · closed Feb 25, 2026 · action PE19014 · the investigation’s page →

Whether any of this applies to one specific Grand Caravan

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2018 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Dodge publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this Grand Caravan →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
271complaints filed

8 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 14 injuries · 1 deaths reported

24 per 10,000 built · Dodge reported 113,546 Grand Caravan built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2018: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2020: 37 · 2021: 42 · 2022: 39 · 2023: 54 · 2024: 35 · 2025: 33 · 2026: 10

Most-cited components

Unspecified 66
Engine 35
Power Train 23
Latches/Locks/Linkages 16

In depth: electrical problems → · body and structure problems →

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

The driver-side rear sliding door has locked and will not unlock manually, with door unlock button, or by key fob. When trying to unlock manually the mechanism rubber bands back to the lock position as if the locking mechanism in the door is stuck. This presents a safety hazard in case of emergencies.
Electrical System at 25,000 miles Mar 14, 2020 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11318026
At 48,000 miles rattles in rear end getting louder. Sounds like coming from rear suspension. Not covered under warranty after 36,000 miles. Hear rattling when in motion
Suspension at 48,000 miles Feb 7, 2020 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11307800
Vehicle is stopping very slow. Also is jerking when going from idle to pull off. Breaks require additional stopping room. These issues began immediately after purchase in september 2019. I have seen several online complaints for this same vehicle. There are recalls on similar vehicles
Service Brakes Feb 6, 2020 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11307468
My driver's side sliding door stopped working. I bought my van from a dealer at the end of july 2019 with around 40,000 miles on it. In the middle of october 2019 (around 45,000 miles) the door stopped working. I used the key fob button to open the door and put my grandson in his carseat. I used the door power button to close the door.
Structure at 45,000 miles Dec 16, 2019 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11289376
The airbag indicator light comes on/off intermittently. The driver's side airbag has been replaced 2 times by 2 different dealerships and the wiring harness that supplies that airbag has been replaced 1 time. This has taken place no matter if the van is stationary or moving.
Air Bags at 18,800 miles Sep 19, 2019 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11256584
Car was stationary. Decided to go into another lane so while turning into other lane, depressed gas pedal firmly and it stuck to the floor revving up the engine to where II immediately slammed the brakes on but still hit the car in front of me.
Fuel/Propulsion System at 46,800 miles Sep 4, 2019 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11253294

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Dodge itself: 52 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 7 killed, 64 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 46 per 100,000 built. Every Grand Caravan model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

When owners reported it

Reported at 53k

miles, typically

Half the 99 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 42,000 and 66,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.

under 10k 3
10k–20k 3
20k–30k 4
30k–40k 12
40k–50k 21
50k–60k 18
60k–70k 15
70k–80k 7
80k–90k 6
90k–100k 2
100k–150k 7
150k + 1

Median mileage by component

ComponentReportsMedian milesVs same age
Electrical System3149,0002.17×
Structure2250,0002.78×
Unspecified1448,000—
Latches/Locks/Linkages1474,0001.48×

Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2018-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Here, owners reported later: electrical system (2.17×), structure (2.78×). Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.

Across 2018–2019 model years the Dodge Grand Caravan ranks 73 of 79 nameplates in the odometer-at-first-complaint study: owners reported problems at 2.29× the mileage of vehicles the same age (median 52,400 miles against a fleet 23,512).

Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
VAN FWD★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆16%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 95
Most recentmanufacturer date 2025-01-30
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 95 service bulletins

Most often about: Equipment, Structure, Engine, Electrical System, Visibility/Wiper.

  • 23-003-25 Service bulletin
    2025-01-30 · Structure — Body
  • "Sliding Door Lock(s) Inoperable Warranty Extension XV1 The customer may describe one or more of the following: ● Either one or both of the sliding door locks do not function. ● The door lock(s) emit a loud buzzing noise during lock/unlock operation and do not lock/unlock the door. NOTE: The doors can still be manually locked or unlocked. This bulletin involves replacing either one or both of the
  • S1408000384 Service bulletin
    2024-01-10 · Electrical System — 12V/24V/48V Battery
  • Start Stop Charging Warning Lamp Illuminated On, Intelligent Battery Sensor (IBS) State of Charge (SOC) Inaccurate, Battery Charging Message, Presence of IBS related Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs), or Battery Warning Lamp On
  • 9100229 Service bulletin
    2023-09-20 · Suspension
  • LIFTER, Hydraulic Roller Deactivating Please do not replace MDS lifters because the disconnecting pin is not lined up, this is normal and not a defect.
  • 9100226 Service bulletin
    2023-09-15 · Electrical System
  • Connector kit Before ordering this connector repair kit 68018957A$, check it in the Mopar Connector Repair Kit Website to confirm part number and applicability. There is an error with the wiring diagrams in Service Library that is causing the incorrect repair kit part number to populate. Please use the Mopar Connector Repair Kit Website until this issue is resolved.
  • 9100226 Service bulletin
    2023-09-15 · Electrical System — Wiring
  • Connector kit Before ordering this connector repair kit 68018957A$, check it in the Mopar Connector Repair Kit Website to confirm part number and applicability. There is an error with the wiring diagrams in Service Library that is causing the incorrect repair kit part number to populate. Please use the Mopar Connector Repair Kit Website until this issue is resolved.
  • S2307000002 Service bulletin
    2023-08-31 · Engine And Engine Cooling
  • Suspected engine coolant leak.
  • 93120 Service bulletin
    2023-08-30 · Equipment — Other — Owners/Service/Other Manual
  • FCA Caribbean Warranty Bulletin ID-23-20 "Can / Am" Warranty Coverage - 594 / 595 / 596 WCC
  • 93023 Service bulletin
    2023-08-30 · Equipment — Other — Owners/Service/Other Manual
  • Warranty Bulletin D-16-03 - "Can / Am" Warranty Coverage - 594 / 595 / 596 WCC (Rev. B)

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

CodeWhat it meansMost often filed underWhere it appears
P0302
P0302 on Dodge →
Cylinder 2 is misfiring.Fuel/Propulsion System · Ignition coils →4 owner reports
P0513
P0513 on Dodge →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →4 bulletins

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan failed the emissions check on 5.9% of first inspections — higher than the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.1% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%).

New York inspections 5.9%

failed emissions

3,554 initial inspections of 3,467 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2018 Grand CaravanEvery 2018 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check5.9%3.0%3,549
Failed the safety inspection2.1%1.9%3,554
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.31%0.22%3,554
Miles driven a year12,89010,002odometer at inspection
Average odometer106,87882,833odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2018 vehicle” is every 2018 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2018 Grand Caravan

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 4 recall campaigns for the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan. The most serious on file is 25V876000, covering Equipment Adaptive/Mobility. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan?

NHTSA gave the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it C (75/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan?

Across the 2 EPA-rated configurations of the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan, the best EPA combined figure is 20 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan?

Transport Canada measured it at 202.4 in long, 78.7 in wide (body, without mirrors), 67.7 in tall, on a 121.3 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,519 lb. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan?

Owners have filed 271 complaints with NHTSA about the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan, most often about electrical system, unspecified, structure. Of those, 8 involved a crash, 14 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan?

The EPA smog rating for the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan is 3 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. The certificate names the standard as Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110.

Are there service bulletins for the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan?

The manufacturer has filed 95 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan, most often covering equipment, structure, engine. The most recent is dated 2025-01-30. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2018 Dodge Grand Caravan failed the emissions check on 5.9% of first inspections — higher than the 3.0% for every 2018 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.1% (every 2018 vehicle: 1.9%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations2 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates2 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls4NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints271NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings1 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins95NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations1NHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationOpen and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA9 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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