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2017 Buick Envision

Gas
Small Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD
3 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
C
Safety Signal
78 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
RecallsNHTSA campaigns 4
Complaints2 crash · 2 fire · 3 injured reported 81
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 5★
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 25 mpg
20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2017 Buick Envision is sold in the U.S. as a gas compact SUV with 3 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Envision FWD, is EPA-rated at 25 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 4 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of C. Owners have filed 81 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

Buick Envision — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Buick Envision · Photo: Anonymousfox36 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
Envision FWDGasFWD2.5L 4-cyl222925$2,700
Envision AWDGasAWD2.5L 4-cyl212824$2,800
Envision AWDGasAWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo202622$3,750

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 37784, 37671, 37672.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
Envision AWD, Envision FWD6 / 10Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleSport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
Doors4
GVWR classClass 1D: 5,001 - 6,000 lb (2,268 - 2,722 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders4
Displacement2.5 L
Engine configurationIn-Line

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Seating

Seat rows2
Seating capacity5 seats

Transmission

DrivetrainFWD/Front-Wheel Drive
TransmissionAutomatic
Transmission speeds6

Driver assistance

Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Parking assist

Optional: Adaptive cruise control, Automatic emergency braking

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: Essence, Preferred, Premium II Package, Premium Package). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length183.9 in
Width (body, without mirrors)72.4 in
Height66.9 in
Wheelbase107.9 in
Track, front62.2 in
Track, rear62.2 in
Curb weight4,054 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear59/41

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here one configuration: 4-door SUV AWD. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

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Factory warranty running out?

The 2017 Buick Envision is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

Recalls (4)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

18188 18268
895 vehicles 97% reported repaired built Mar 24, 2016 – May 8, 2017
Problem General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2015-2018 GMC Canyon, 2016-2017 Buick Envision, 2016-2018 Chevrolet Colorado and Malibu, 2017-2018 GMC Acadia, 2018 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac ATS, Chevrolet Equinox, and GMC Terrain vehicles. The high pressure fuel pump may detach from its mounting flange, possibly resulting in the pump damaging the high pressure fuel line. Risk A damaged fuel line can create a fuel leak, increasing the risk of a fire. Fix GM will notify owners, and dealers will replace the high pressure fuel pump, and high pressure fuel pipe, free of charge. The recall began July 2, 2018. Owners may contact Buick customer service at 1-800-521-7300, Cadillac customer service at 1-800-458-8006, Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020, or GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is 18188.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V358000 reported May 31, 2018 General Motors LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Structure

17275
10 vehicles 90% reported repaired built Apr 7, 2016 – Oct 4, 2016
Problem General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Buick Envision vehicles. The affected vehicles received a replacement headliner as part of a repair. These service parts might not have had impact energy-absorbing foam blocks attached. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 201, "Occupant protection in interior impact." Risk If the service parts do not have energy-absorbing foam blocks, there may be an increased risk of occupant injury in the event of a crash. Fix GM will notify owners, and dealers will replace the headliner assembly, free of charge. The recall began on July 28, 2017. Owners may contact Buick customer service at 1-800-521-7300. GM's number for this recall is 17275.
NHTSA campaign 17V412000 reported Jun 29, 2017 General Motors LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Seats

17239/17258
768 vehicles 34% reported repaired built Mar 27, 2016 – May 16, 2017
Problem General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Buick Envision vehicles. An accessory NSV Universal Tablet Holder may have been installed incorrectly onto the front seat head restraints, preventing the head restraint posts from fully engaging in the seat back. If so, the head restraints would fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 202a, "Head Restraints." Risk If the head restraint posts are not fully engaging in the seat back, the head restraint may loosen or dislodge, increasing the risk of injury in a crash. Fix GM will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the head restraints and tablet holders for the correct installation, reinstalling them as necessary, free of charge. The recall began July 27, 2017. Owners may contact Buick customer service at 1-800-521-7300. GM's number for this recall is 17239/17258.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 17V404000 reported Jun 27, 2017 General Motors LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
○minor

Equipment

56340
4,558 vehicles 94% reported repaired built Feb 4, 2016 – Apr 25, 2016
Problem General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Buick Envision vehicles manufactured February 4, 2016, to April 25, 2016. The Tire and Loading Information label may display the incorrect maximum weight information. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 110, "Tire Selection and Rims." Risk Incorrect weight information may cause an owner to overload the vehicle. Overloading may reduce vehicle control, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix GM will notify owners, and dealers will install a corrected label as necessary, free of charge. The began on August 22, 2016. Owners may contact Buick customer service at 1-800-521-7300. GM's number for this recall is 56340.
NHTSA campaign 16V516000 reported Jul 7, 2016 General Motors LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific Envision

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2017 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Buick publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2017 Buick Envision, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2017 Buick Envision

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this Envision →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
81complaints filed

2 involved a crash · 2 a fire · 3 injuries · 0 deaths reported

16 per 10,000 built · Buick reported 50,500 Envision built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2017: 5 · 2018: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2026: 5

Most-cited components

Electrical System 25
Service Brakes 23
Engine 12
Unspecified 11
Power Train 10
Steering 8

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

The infotainment center goes blank and at times cant shut the radio off. Restarted car, opening doors and pressing buttons doesn't shut radio off. Car is at dealer for 7th time. Shown dealer videos and they have been unable to figure out source
Electrical System at 7,000 miles Oct 3, 2019 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11265986
Cruise control self engaged while going 65 MPH. Hands were not anywhere near cruise control button. It was in the middle of a thunderstorm luckily didn't cause accident
Vehicle Speed Control at 14,000 miles Oct 3, 2019 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11265987
The contact owns a 2017 Buick Envision. The contact stated that the EPS flashed, indicating 'power steering dismissed'. The vehicle was towed to the dealer due to the steering wheel seizing. The vehicle was unsafe to be driven and remained parked. The manufacturer was notified of the failures. The approximate failure mileage was 18,000
Steering at 18,000 miles Jul 3, 2019 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11229198
When vehicle does automatic software updates from GM, it "blows up" the personalization menu. I AM in physical therapy now from car seat that automatically went to position 1 when I opened car door. Easy exit had been turned on by update. I had it turned off because it never worked right with memory seats.
Structure at 3,890 miles Dec 7, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11156826
Dash lights go out when you are in a shady area. Stay out way to long. No way to adjust to make them bright. Collision alert goes off when you are not near hitting anything. Clock went from est to west coast time. Car makes a knocking sound in the rear end. Also makes a scrapping sound.
Engine at 250 miles Oct 20, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11141596
The headlights on this vehicle are mostly inadequate. They fail to provide decent lighting beyond a short distance in front of the vehicle. The fog lights improve the situation, but when using high beams you'd have better luck seeing ahead by putting a flashlight out the window.
Exterior Lighting Jan 13, 2018 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11062635

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Buick itself: 34 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 1 killed, 43 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 67 per 100,000 built. Every Envision model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

When owners reported it

Reported at 29k

miles, typically

Half the 45 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 7,000 and 60,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.

under 10k 12
10k–20k 7
20k–30k 4
30k–40k 8
40k–50k 0
50k–60k 2
60k–70k 4
70k–80k 4
80k–90k 0
90k–100k 2
100k–150k 1
150k + 1

Median mileage by component

ComponentReportsMedian milesVs same age
Electrical System1627,0000.77×

Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2017-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.

Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
SUV AWD★★★★★★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆16%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Extended coverage on file 1 filing by the manufacturer with NHTSA naming this model year

The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every GM warranty extension (33) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →

Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 1,047
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-09-26
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 1044 service bulletins, 1 warranty extension, 1 service campaign

Most often about: Equipment, Electrical System, Engine, Power Train, Unknown Or Other.

  • PIT5698F Service bulletin
    2026-09-26 · Unknown Or Other
  • This PI provides Diagnostics tips on how the LIN bus works and how to diagnosis it.
  • PIP4902W Service bulletin
    2026-09-04 · Unknown Or Other
  • This preliminary information advises a dealer on how to email GDS2 session logs into Technical Assistance.
  • PIT5099J Service bulletin
    2026-07-21 · Unknown Or Other
  • PI to help diagnose A/C concern
  • PIT3271Q Service bulletin
    2026-04-01 · Unknown Or Other
  • This preliminary information communicates information about how to determine if a wheel and tires size change is available.
  • PIP6104 Service bulletin
    2026-03-09 · Unknown Or Other
  • This Preliminary information communicates the steps on how to save a GDS2 Session Log and upload to a Technical Assistance Case in CX Connect.
  • PIP4902V Service bulletin
    2026-03-09 · Unknown Or Other
  • This preliminary information advises a dealer on how to email GDS2 session logs into Technical Assistance.
  • PIP4902U Service bulletin
    2026-01-08 · Unknown Or Other
  • This preliminary information advises a dealer on how to email GDS2 session logs into Technical Assistance.
  • PIT5214G Service bulletin
    2025-11-20 · Unknown Or Other
  • This Preliminary Information communication provides information to the technician about vehicles that have had multiple repair attempts that are being performed on customer’s vehicles that exhibit vibration conditions without utilizing the support of General Motors Technical Assistance Center. If valid vibration frequency or Road Force Variation data has been collected and a repair attempt does no

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

CodeWhat it meansMost often filed underWhere it appears
P0300
P0300 on Buick →
Misfire detected, but not isolated to one cylinder.Engine · Ignition coils →15 bulletins
B3055
B3055 on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →10 bulletins
B3060
B3060 on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →10 bulletins
B3935
B3935 on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →10 bulletins
P0299
P0299 on Buick →
The turbocharger or supercharger is not making the boost the computer asked for.Engine8 bulletins
P2227
P2227 on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine8 bulletins
P0308
P0308 on Buick →
Cylinder 8 is misfiring.Engine · Ignition coils →7 bulletins
P050D
P050D on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine7 bulletins
P015B
P015B on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine5 bulletins
P1101
P1101 on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine5 bulletins
P06DE
P06DE on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Equipment4 bulletins
B101D
B101D on Buick →
Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →3 bulletins

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2017 Buick Envision failed the emissions check on 2.4% of first inspections — lower than the 3.7% for every 2017 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.8% (every 2017 vehicle: 2.1%).

New York inspections 2.4%

failed emissions

1,065 initial inspections of 1,044 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2017 EnvisionEvery 2017 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check2.4%3.7%1,064
Failed the safety inspection1.8%2.1%1,065
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.19%0.25%1,065
Miles driven a year9,13210,048odometer at inspection
Average odometer84,79293,238odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2017 vehicle” is every 2017 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2017 Envision

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2017 Buick Envision have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 4 recall campaigns for the 2017 Buick Envision. The most serious on file is 18V358000, covering Fuel System, Gasoline. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2017 Buick Envision?

NHTSA gave the 2017 Buick Envision 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it C (78/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2017 Buick Envision?

Across the 3 EPA-rated configurations of the 2017 Buick Envision, the best EPA combined figure is 25 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2017 Buick Envision?

Transport Canada measured it at 183.9 in long, 72.4 in wide (body, without mirrors), 66.9 in tall, on a 107.9 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,054 lb. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2017 Buick Envision?

Owners have filed 81 complaints with NHTSA about the 2017 Buick Envision, most often about electrical system, service brakes, engine. Of those, 2 involved a crash, 2 a fire, 3 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2017 Buick Envision?

The EPA smog rating for the 2017 Buick Envision is 6 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. The certificate names the standard as Federal Tier 3 Transitional Bin 110.

Are there service bulletins for the 2017 Buick Envision?

The manufacturer has filed 1047 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2017 Buick Envision, most often covering equipment, electrical system, engine. The most recent is dated 2026-09-26. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2017 Buick Envision do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2017 Buick Envision failed the emissions check on 2.4% of first inspections — lower than the 3.7% for every 2017 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.8% (every 2017 vehicle: 2.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations3 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates3 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls4NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints81NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings1 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins1047NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
InvestigationsnoneNHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationNo defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA12 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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