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Your vehicleHome›Volvo›XC90› 2019
Volvo · Large SUV

2019 Volvo XC90

Plug-in hybrid Gas
Standard Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD
4 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
D
Safety Signal
61 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Counts recalls, not crash safety — this vehicle earned 5 of 5 stars from NHTSA. A much-recalled best-seller scores low here; see the methodology.
Recalls1 critical 6
Complaints2 crash · 3 fire · 8 injured reported 42
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 5★
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 25 mpg
202720262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2019 Volvo XC90 is sold in the U.S. as a plug-in hybrid and gas large SUV with 4 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the XC90 AWD PHEV, is EPA-rated at 25 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 6 recall campaigns for this model year, 1 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 42 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

Volvo XC90 — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Volvo XC90 · Photo: Alexander Migl · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombRangekWh/100miCharge (240V)Annual fuel*
XC90 AWD PHEVPlug-in hybridAWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo + 34 and 65 kW 3-phase Sync.242725 (33 MPGe blended)17 mi electric553 h$3,300
XC90 FWDGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo212924———$3,400
XC90 AWDGasAWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo202723———$3,550
XC90 AWDGasAWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo192622———$3,750

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 40407, 40302, 40319, 40344.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
XC90 AWD PHEV7 / 10California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standardsSmartWay
XC90 AWD, XC90 FWD5 / 10California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
XC90 AWD7 / 10California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleSport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
GVWR classClass 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders4
Displacement2 L

Engine Output

Horsepower250 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Seating

Seat rows3
Seating capacity7 seats

Transmission

DrivetrainAWD/All-Wheel Drive
TransmissionAutomatic
Transmission speeds8

Driver assistance

Standard: Adaptive cruise control, Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking

Optional: Parking assist

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: Inscription, Momentum, R-Design). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length194.9 in
Width (body, without mirrors)79.1 in
Height70.1 in
Wheelbase117.3 in
Track, front65.7 in
Track, rear65.7 in
Curb weight4,336–5,115 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear53/47

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 4 configurations: 4-door SUV AWD T5, 4-door SUV AWD T6, 4-door SUV AWD T8 PHEV, 4-door SUV FWD T5. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

Also on file Beside the 2019 XC90
Other years The 2027 XC90 Recalls Volvo recalls
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Factory warranty running out?

The 2019 Volvo XC90 is in the years where high-voltage electronics and module repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

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Recalls (6)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Seat Belts

R10259
2,911 vehicles 78% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Car USA, LLC (Volvo Car) is recalling certain 2015-2024 XC90 vehicles. The second-row seat belt buckle and lower belt anchor bolts may not be tightened properly. Risk An improperly tightened seat belt buckle may not restrain an occupant as intended, increasing their risk of injury during a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and tighten the second-row seat belt buckle anchorage bolts, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 19, 2024. Owners may contact Volvo Car customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo Car's number for this recall is R10259.
Filed with NHTSARemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V827000 reported Dec 7, 2023 Volvo Car USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Steering

R10213
74 vehicles 96% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Car USA, LLC (Volvo Car) is recalling certain 2019-2022 V60CC, XC60, and XC90 vehicles. During steering gear assembly, double screws may have been assembled on top of each other, which can cause a screw to fall into the gearbox housing. Risk A screw inside the gearbox housing can cause the steering wheel to lock up and increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the steering gear, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed March 1, 2023. Owners may contact Volvo Car's customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo Car's number for this recall is R10213.
Filed with NHTSARemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V001000 reported Jan 5, 2023 Volvo Car USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

R10100
85,550 vehicles 98% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Car USA, LLC (Volvo Car) is recalling certain 2019-2020 V90, XC60, S60, V60, V60CC, S90, V90CC, S90L, and XC90 vehicles. The low-pressure fuel pump can blow a fuse and fail. Risk Failure of the low-pressure fuel pump can cause a stall, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the fuse, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 2, 2021. Owners may contact Volvo Car customer service at 1-888-458-1552. Volvo Car's number for this recall is R10100.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 21V414000 reported Jun 2, 2021 Volvo Car USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Electrical System

R10093
162 vehicles 92% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Car USA, LLC (Volvo Car) is recalling certain 2016-2020 XC90 Excellence vehicles. Liquid or condensation on the rear seat control display may cause the front passenger seat to move back as far as possible. Risk The rear passenger may become trapped by the front seat without the ability to cancel the seat's movement, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Volvo Car will notify owners, and dealers will update the rear seat control display software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 14, 2021. Owners may contact Volvo Car customer service at 1-888-458-1552. Volvo Car's number for this recall is R10093.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 21V273000 reported Apr 21, 2021 Volvo Car USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Forward Collision Avoidance

R29998
121,605 vehicles 100% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Cars USA LLC (Volvo Cars) is recalling certain 2019-2020 S60, V60, V60 Cross Country, S90L, V90, V90 Cross Country, XC40, XC60, and XC90 vehicles. Due to a software/hardware incompatibility, the Automatic Emergency Brake (AEB) system may not detect obstacles and engage as intended. Risk If the automatic emergency braking system does not engage as intended, it can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Volvo will notify owners, and dealers will update the Active Safety Domain Master (ASDM) software, free of charge. The recall began April 9, 2020. Owners may contact Volvo customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo's number for this recall is R29998.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 20V144000 reported Mar 12, 2020 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
●moderate

Electrical System

R39917
17,548 vehicles 97% reported repaired built Mar 24, 2016 – Nov 1, 2018
Problem Volvo Car USA LLC (Volvo) is recalling certain 2017-2019 Volvo XC90, S90, V60, V60 Cross Country, V90, XC40, XC60, and V90 Cross Country vehicles. The software installed in the Vehicle Connectivity Module (VCM) may have an error causing the Telematics and Driver Support Systems to function improperly. As a result, the GPS will not provide location information to emergency personnel in the event of an emergency. Risk If the GPS location is not provided to emergency personnel it can inhibit emergency response in the event of a crash or injury. Fix Volvo will notify owners, and dealers will correct the software, free of charge. The recall began December 26, 2018. Owners may contact Volvo customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo's number for this recall is R39917.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 18V800000 reported Nov 13, 2018 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

NHTSA defect investigations

Electrical System:Propulsion System — Pedestrian alert sounds closed

NHTSA received a petition on or about July 18, 2022, requesting that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 141 be applied to all electric and hybrid vehicles operating in the United States. The petition can be reviewed at NHTSA.gov under ODI Number 11486072. FMVSS 141 establishes performance requirements for pedestrian alert sounds for motor vehicles. The standard applies to hybrid and electric vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 KG or less or are defined as low-speed vehicles. The standard became fully applicable to all such vehicles manufactured on or after March 1, 2021. On January 27, 2023, NHTSA opened Defect Petition (DP) 22-005 to evaluate the subject mat

Opened Jan 27, 2023 · closed Aug 7, 2023 · action DP22005 · the investigation’s page →

Whether any of this applies to one specific XC90

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2019 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Volvo publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

NHTSA VIN check →Volvo’s own VIN lookup →

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2019 Volvo XC90, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2019 Volvo XC90

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this XC90 →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
42complaints filed

2 involved a crash · 3 a fire · 8 injuries · 0 deaths reported

12 per 10,000 built · Volvo reported 36,371 XC90 built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2019: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2026: 14

Most-cited components

Electrical System 11
Engine 11
Unspecified 9
Service Brakes 6
Visibility/Wiper 6
Structure 4

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

The suspension module failed due to water accumulation on floorboards. Suspect other electronics may be at risk. Water ingress cause by a combination of what dealer said was a worn out sunroof gasket and two of four drains that became plugged.
Suspension May 9, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11736779
The contact owns a 2019 Volvo XC90. The contact stated that while driving at various speeds, the vehicle lurched forward while switching back and forth between electric and gasoline mode. The vehicle was taken to the dealer, where an unknown repair was performed; however, the failure recurred while driving three years later.
Engine at 80,000 miles Apr 13, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11730933
Some back info: I keep the auto start/stop feature disabled. There are three identical incidents total. One about a year or two ago and two back to back a few weeks ago. The first time I was stopped at a drive through but in “drive” with my foot on the brake. All of the sudden the car completely turns off. Screens black, engine off.
Electrical System Jan 2, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11708339
Upon driving a symbol with a turtle and engine cation sign flashed upon the dash displaying and reading reduced power train mode as this is being shown on dash the passenger next to me smelt smoke as we next seen smoke coming from the air conditioning system we immediately pulled over to the safest spot out of the ongoing traffic as…
Power Train Dec 10, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11704235
While driving, the brakes completely failed without any warning. There were no signs, alerts, or symptoms prior to the failure. The braking ability was suddenly and entirely lost, creating an extremely dangerous situation. Upon inspection, it was determined that the brake booster had failed.
Service Brakes Sep 22, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11689054
Rear passenger door won’t open. We had freezing temps in Colorado, when I tried to open the rear door to get my 2 month old out of the car the door would not open. Apparently this is a known problem for this vehicle the rear door motors spontaneously stop working
Structure Jan 18, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11566201

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Volvo itself: 3 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 3 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 8.2 per 100,000 built. Every XC90 model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
SUV AWD★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★☆18%
SUV AWD★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★☆18%
SUV AWD★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★☆16%
SUV FWDnot rated★★★★★★★★★★not rated—

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.

Driver-assist crash reports (1)

Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01
1report filed

1 no injury reported

Jun 2021 to Jun 2021 · 0 with an air bag deployment · 0 towed

What was engaged, and what was hit

System named: not named in the filings

Crash partner: Other 1

Filed by: Volvo Car USA, LLC

IncidentSystemStruckInjury allegedStateSpeedReport
Jun 2021Level 2Otherno injury reportedFL—1422-1903

From the manufacturer’s own filing

The reporting entity’s narrative as NHTSA published it, with anything identifying removed and nothing added. A narrative is a notice, written before the entity had verified what happened.

The customer was driving in the far left (inside) lane on [redacted] with the pilot assist and the adaptive cruise control activated. The vehicle made an abrupt shift to the left causing the vehicle to hit several orange construction barrels in the area impacting the left side of the vehicle. The customer was not injured as a result of this incident.
Volvo Car USA, LLC report 1422-1903 Jun 2021 NHTSA SGO filing

A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 624
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-06-10
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 614 service bulletins, 6 others, 4 service campaigns

Most often about: Equipment, Electrical System, Engine, Unknown Or Other, Equipment Adaptive/Mobility.

  • 32010.3.0 Service bulletin
    2026-06-10 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a Technical Journal: Plus 2 attachments 1- TJI-497587-1 and 1 MP4 Speaker Grill -It may be possible for the rear door lock switch to get stuck in the speaker grille. This can lead to a drained battery. Applies only for cars with Premium or High Performance stereo. Service: Check for/remove edges in the hole for the button in the speaker grille. Follow attached method "TJ 32010.pdf" or the
  • 33031.6.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-23 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a Technical Journal: Text plus 1 .jpg attachment - If remote control key is not detected by the car and shows message in DIM "Car key not found" or if functions such as lock/unlock are not working, please follow advice for detecting key
  • 37545.4.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-20 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a TJ no attachments - If customer complains of creaking or squeaking noise coming from the door stop when opening/closing the door, follow advice under "Service". Before replacing any parts, follow the instruction below.
  • 37545.4.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-07 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a TJ no attachments - If customer complains of creaking or squeaking noise coming from the door stop when opening/closing the door, follow advice under "Service". Before replacing any parts, follow the instruction below.
  • 36496.10.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-07 · Power Train
  • This is a Technical Journal: Intermittent knocking noise during acceleration. If the sound corresponds to attached sound file, change front drive shafts to the below part numbers.
  • 36376.6.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-07 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a Technical Journal: Text only no attachments - Before replacing a cell module, make sure the latest BECM software is downloaded. This is important for utilizing the VIDA method described here and receiving the correct cell balancing diagnostics after the replacement.
  • 34521.11.1 Service bulletin
    2026-05-07 · Exterior Lighting
  • This is a Technical Journal: Headlamp condensation inside lens - information/leak test. If the result is not ok (air leak), it is ok to replace the headlamp
  • 35503.4.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-06 · Structure — Body
  • This is a Technical Journal: Panoramic sunroof, sealing strip has a gap

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2019 Volvo XC90 failed the emissions check on 2.8% of first inspections — close to the 2.7% for every 2019 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.0% (every 2019 vehicle: 1.7%).

New York inspections 2.8%

failed emissions

1,379 initial inspections of 1,348 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2019 XC90Every 2019 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check2.8%2.7%1,377
Failed the safety inspection1.0%1.7%1,379
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0%0.20%1,379
Miles driven a year10,5239,904odometer at inspection
Average odometer76,54472,084odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2019 vehicle” is every 2019 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

XC90 by model year

all years, side by side →
Year Safety Recalls Complaints
2027 A 0 0 25 mpg2026 B 1 8 27 mpg2025 C 3 29 27 mpg2024 C 4 37 27 mpg2023 D 7 41 27 mpg2022 F 5 30 27 mpg2021 F 7 42 27 mpg2020 F 9 34 27 mpg2019 this page D 6 42 25 mpg2018 B 3 51 27 mpg2017 D 7 81 25 mpg2016 F 8 198 25 mpg

Common questions about the 2019 XC90

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2019 Volvo XC90 have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 6 recall campaigns for the 2019 Volvo XC90, 1 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 23V001000, covering Steering. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2019 Volvo XC90?

NHTSA gave the 2019 Volvo XC90 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it D (61/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2019 Volvo XC90?

Across the 4 EPA-rated configurations of the 2019 Volvo XC90, the best EPA combined figure is 25 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions). Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2019 Volvo XC90?

Transport Canada measured it at 194.9 in long, 79.1 in wide (body, without mirrors), 70.1 in tall, on a 117.3 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,336–5,115 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2019 Volvo XC90?

Owners have filed 42 complaints with NHTSA about the 2019 Volvo XC90, most often about electrical system, engine, unspecified. Of those, 2 involved a crash, 3 a fire, 8 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2019 Volvo XC90?

The EPA smog rating for the 2019 Volvo XC90 runs 5 to 7 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2019 Volvo XC90?

The manufacturer has filed 624 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2019 Volvo XC90, most often covering equipment, electrical system, engine. The most recent is dated 2026-06-10. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2019 Volvo XC90 do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2019 Volvo XC90 failed the emissions check on 2.8% of first inspections — close to the 2.7% for every 2019 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.0% (every 2019 vehicle: 1.7%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations4 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates4 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls6NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints42NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings4 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins624NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations1NHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationOpen and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative.
Driver-assist crash reports1NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes.
Specifications filed with NHTSA11 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Where to go next

pages beside this one
Other years The 2027 XC90 The XC90 model year with the cleanest record on file — grade A, 0 recalls.Recalls Every Volvo recall on file All campaigns filed against Volvo vehicles, newest first, with the manufacturer's own number.Recall Watch Watch this XC90 by VIN Give it the VIN and you hear the night a campaign is filed — from $29 a month for a lot, free for ten.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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