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2019 Volvo XC60

Plug-in hybrid Gas
Small Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD
4 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
F
Safety Signal
49 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Recalls2 critical 8
Complaints5 crash · 5 injured reported 37
Crash ratingnot rated by NHTSA —
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 26 mpg
202720262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2019 Volvo XC60 is sold in the U.S. as a plug-in hybrid and gas compact SUV with 4 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the XC60 AWD PHEV, is EPA-rated at 26 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 8 recall campaigns for this model year, 2 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 37 complaints, most often about the electrical system.

Volvo XC60 — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Volvo XC60 · Photo: Vauxford · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombRangekWh/100miCharge (240V)Annual fuel*
XC60 AWD PHEVPlug-in hybridAWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo + 34 and 65 kW 3-phase Sync.252826 (33 MPGe blended)17 mi electric553 h$3,150
XC60 FWDGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo222924———$3,400
XC60 AWDGasAWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo202723———$3,550
XC60 AWDGasAWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo192722———$3,750

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 40406, 40273, 40290, 40341.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
XC60 AWD PHEV7 / 10California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standardsSmartWay
XC60 AWD, XC60 FWD5 / 10California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
XC60 AWD7 / 10California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleSport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
GVWR classClass 1D: 5,001 - 6,000 lb (2,268 - 2,722 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders4
Displacement2 L

Engine Output

Horsepower250 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Seating

Seat rows2
Seating capacity5 seats

Transmission

DrivetrainAWD/All-Wheel Drive
TransmissionAutomatic
Transmission speeds8

Driver assistance

Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking

Optional: Adaptive cruise control, Blind-spot monitoring, Parking assist

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: Inscription, Momentum, R-Design). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length184.6 in
Width (body, without mirrors)74.8 in
Height65.4 in
Wheelbase113.0 in
Track, front65.4 in
Track, rear65.4 in
Curb weight4,114 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear55/45

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here one configuration: 4-door SUV. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

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Recalls (8)

Source: NHTSA recall database
!critical

Steering

R10213
74 vehicles 96% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Car USA, LLC (Volvo Car) is recalling certain 2019-2022 V60CC, XC60, and XC90 vehicles. During steering gear assembly, double screws may have been assembled on top of each other, which can cause a screw to fall into the gearbox housing. Risk A screw inside the gearbox housing can cause the steering wheel to lock up and increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the steering gear, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed March 1, 2023. Owners may contact Volvo Car's customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo Car's number for this recall is R10213.
Filed with NHTSARemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V001000 reported Jan 5, 2023 Volvo Car USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

R10100
85,550 vehicles 98% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Car USA, LLC (Volvo Car) is recalling certain 2019-2020 V90, XC60, S60, V60, V60CC, S90, V90CC, S90L, and XC90 vehicles. The low-pressure fuel pump can blow a fuse and fail. Risk Failure of the low-pressure fuel pump can cause a stall, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the fuse, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 2, 2021. Owners may contact Volvo Car customer service at 1-888-458-1552. Volvo Car's number for this recall is R10100.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 21V414000 reported Jun 2, 2021 Volvo Car USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Visibility

R10044
87,226 vehicles 98% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Car of N.A., LLC (Volvo Cars) is recalling certain 2018-2020 XC60 vehicles. The nuts that secure the front wipers may not have been sufficiently tightened, possibly causing the wipers to not function properly. Risk The risk of the front wiper arms nut fixation to loosen and not holding the arm in correct position, the wiper function could be reduced and vision could be impaired, thus increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Volvo Car will notify owners, and dealers will tighten the nuts holding the front windshield wiper arms in position, free of charge. The recall began September 29, 2020. Owners may contact Volvo Car customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo Car's number for this recall is R10044.
NHTSA campaign 20V503000 reported Aug 25, 2020 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Forward Collision Avoidance

R29998
121,605 vehicles 100% reported repaired
Problem Volvo Cars USA LLC (Volvo Cars) is recalling certain 2019-2020 S60, V60, V60 Cross Country, S90L, V90, V90 Cross Country, XC40, XC60, and XC90 vehicles. Due to a software/hardware incompatibility, the Automatic Emergency Brake (AEB) system may not detect obstacles and engage as intended. Risk If the automatic emergency braking system does not engage as intended, it can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Volvo will notify owners, and dealers will update the Active Safety Domain Master (ASDM) software, free of charge. The recall began April 9, 2020. Owners may contact Volvo customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo's number for this recall is R29998.
NHTSA campaign 20V144000 reported Mar 12, 2020 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Seats

R19931
2,297 vehicles 96% reported repaired built Oct 12, 2017 – Jan 15, 2019
Problem Volvo Car USA LLC (Volvo) is recalling certain 2018-2019 XC60 and S90 vehicles. The driver and passenger front seat rail rear flange nuts may not have been installed during assembly. Risk If the nuts are missing, in the event of a crash, the front seat structure and position may be affected, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Volvo will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the front seat rails for missing flange nuts, installing them as necessary, free of charge. The recall began May 7, 2019. Owners may contact Volvo customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo's number for this recall is R19931.
NHTSA campaign 19V220000 reported Mar 20, 2019 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Structure

R89910
45,990 vehicles 97% reported repaired built Jan 12, 2017 – Oct 26, 2018
Problem Volvo Car USA LLC (Volvo) is recalling certain 2018-2019 Volvo XC60 vehicles. Under certain conditions and cold temperatures, the tailgate lifting arms may freeze which may cause the lifting arms to separate from the vehicle. Risk If the tailgate lifting arms separate, the arms could project rearward with significant force, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Volvo has notified owners, and dealers will replace the tailgate lift arms with an improved designed, free of charge. The recall began May 14, 2019. Owners may contact Volvo customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo's number for this recall is R89910.
NHTSA campaign 19V046000 reported Jan 18, 2019 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
●moderate

Electrical System

R39917
17,548 vehicles 97% reported repaired built Mar 24, 2016 – Nov 1, 2018
Problem Volvo Car USA LLC (Volvo) is recalling certain 2017-2019 Volvo XC90, S90, V60, V60 Cross Country, V90, XC40, XC60, and V90 Cross Country vehicles. The software installed in the Vehicle Connectivity Module (VCM) may have an error causing the Telematics and Driver Support Systems to function improperly. As a result, the GPS will not provide location information to emergency personnel in the event of an emergency. Risk If the GPS location is not provided to emergency personnel it can inhibit emergency response in the event of a crash or injury. Fix Volvo will notify owners, and dealers will correct the software, free of charge. The recall began December 26, 2018. Owners may contact Volvo customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo's number for this recall is R39917.
NHTSA campaign 18V800000 reported Nov 13, 2018 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Equipment

R39901
172 vehicles 96% reported repaired built Jul 9, 2018 – Jul 26, 2018
Problem Volvo Car USA LLC (Volvo) is recalling certain 2019 Volvo XC60 hybrid electric vehicles, equipped with certain AeroVironment electric vehicle TurboCord and TurboDock/TurboDX charging systems. Capacitors within these charging systems may fail, possibly resulting in a shock hazard or a fire. Risk An electrical shock or a fire can increase the risk of injury or death. Fix Volvo will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the charge cord, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. The recall began November 1, 2018. Owners may contact Volvo customer service at 1-800-458-1552. Volvo's number for this recall is R39901. Note: Owners are advised not to use the charging cord until it is inspected.
NHTSA campaign 18V589000 reported Sep 5, 2018 Volvo Car USA LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

NHTSA defect investigations

Electrical System:Propulsion System — Pedestrian alert sounds closed

NHTSA received a petition on or about July 18, 2022, requesting that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 141 be applied to all electric and hybrid vehicles operating in the United States. The petition can be reviewed at NHTSA.gov under ODI Number 11486072. FMVSS 141 establishes performance requirements for pedestrian alert sounds for motor vehicles. The standard applies to hybrid and electric vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 KG or less or are defined as low-speed vehicles. The standard became fully applicable to all such vehicles manufactured on or after March 1, 2021. On January 27, 2023, NHTSA opened Defect Petition (DP) 22-005 to evaluate the subject mat

Opened Jan 27, 2023 · closed Aug 7, 2023 · action DP22005 · the investigation’s page →

Whether any of this applies to one specific XC60

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2019 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Volvo publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2019 Volvo XC60, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
37complaints filed

5 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 5 injuries · 0 deaths reported

11 per 10,000 built · Volvo reported 33,000 XC60 built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2019: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2026: 5

Most-cited components

Electrical System 12
Service Brakes 8
Unspecified 6
Steering 5
Air Bags 4
Structure 4

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

I am submitting this report to formally document a significant safety issue involving the Driver Display Module (DIM) on my Volvo XC60. Prior to reaching 45,000 miles, the DIM began to intermittently glitch, displaying only a barcode-like screen.
Electrical System May 8, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11659715
Passenger front seat belt no longer latches. Inserting latch plate into buckle and it does not latch
Seat Belts Dec 24, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11632234
The moon roof leaks and drains into the area of the electronic gateway. This causes the car to become inoperable, slowing it to a crawl, once in park it will not get out of park, and sometimes results in not being able to turn off the engine.
Service Brakes Jun 3, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11592078
The parking collision sensors occasionally stop working during the parking process going from active to fully inactive at the same time. While driving through the city the coward collision has ghost activations where the car believes an object is right in front when there is nothing there.
Forward Collision Avoidance May 17, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11589339
The speedometer stopped working - no numbers were visible on my dash. It was unsafe as I was not aware what speed I was traveling. This happened on December 24, 2023 and has not happened again after that nor was it reproduced or confirmed by a dealer or service center. The vehicle has not been inspected by anyone.
Vehicle Speed Control Jan 12, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11565234
The rear passenger door on this 4 year old car will not open from inside, nor outside. This is a huge safety issue, as any emergency egress from that point will not be possible. I can imagine the outcome if we were in an accident and needed to try to exit via that door.
Structure Nov 19, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11555887

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Volvo itself: 3 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 1 killed, 2 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 9.1 per 100,000 built. Every XC60 model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP

NHTSA has not published 5-Star crash ratings for this model year.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 548
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-05-23
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 538 service bulletins, 6 others, 4 service campaigns

Most often about: Equipment, Electrical System, Unknown Or Other, Engine, Structure.

  • 33031.6.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-23 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a Technical Journal: Text plus 1 .jpg attachment - If remote control key is not detected by the car and shows message in DIM "Car key not found" or if functions such as lock/unlock are not working, please follow advice for detecting key
  • 36496.10.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-07 · Power Train
  • This is a Technical Journal: Intermittent knocking noise during acceleration. If the sound corresponds to attached sound file, change front drive shafts to the below part numbers.
  • 36376.6.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-07 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a Technical Journal: Text only no attachments - Before replacing a cell module, make sure the latest BECM software is downloaded. This is important for utilizing the VIDA method described here and receiving the correct cell balancing diagnostics after the replacement.
  • 34521.11.1 Service bulletin
    2026-05-07 · Exterior Lighting
  • This is a Technical Journal: Headlamp condensation inside lens - information/leak test. If the result is not ok (air leak), it is ok to replace the headlamp
  • 35503.4.0 Service bulletin
    2026-05-06 · Structure — Body
  • This is a Technical Journal: Panoramic sunroof, sealing strip has a gap
  • 35526.1.8 Service bulletin
    2026-04-23 · Engine
  • This is a Technical Journal: Text plus 2 PDFs and 1 .PNG Oil Consumption test. Perform the test. Follow service procedure Description and Service sections updated to clarify that vehicle reports are not required.
  • 37809.1.1 Service bulletin
    2026-04-07 · Unknown Or Other
  • This is a TJ text only - The purpose of this TJ is to be a master reference list to easily identify any components that are on prior approval. This TJ will be regularily updated as items are added or removed from prior approval. Current items under prior approval are listed in the "Service" section
  • 34521.10.0 Service bulletin
    2026-03-21 · Exterior Lighting
  • This is a Technical Journal: Headlamp condensation inside lens - information/leak test. If the result is not ok (air leak), it is ok to replace the headlamp

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2019 Volvo XC60 failed the emissions check on 2.4% of first inspections — close to the 2.7% for every 2019 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.2% (every 2019 vehicle: 1.7%).

New York inspections 2.4%

failed emissions

1,599 initial inspections of 1,566 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2019 XC60Every 2019 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check2.4%2.7%1,595
Failed the safety inspection1.2%1.7%1,599
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.06%0.20%1,599
Miles driven a year9,4109,904odometer at inspection
Average odometer68,49672,084odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2019 vehicle” is every 2019 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2019 XC60

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2019 Volvo XC60 have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 8 recall campaigns for the 2019 Volvo XC60, 2 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 23V001000, covering Steering. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2019 Volvo XC60?

NHTSA has not published a crash-test rating for the 2019 Volvo XC60 yet. On the recall record WhichTrim grades it F (49/100), which measures open and severe recalls rather than crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2019 Volvo XC60?

Across the 4 EPA-rated configurations of the 2019 Volvo XC60, the best EPA combined figure is 26 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions). Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2019 Volvo XC60?

Transport Canada measured it at 184.6 in long, 74.8 in wide (body, without mirrors), 65.4 in tall, on a 113.0 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,114 lb. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2019 Volvo XC60?

Owners have filed 37 complaints with NHTSA about the 2019 Volvo XC60, most often about electrical system, service brakes, unspecified. Of those, 5 involved a crash, 5 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2019 Volvo XC60?

The EPA smog rating for the 2019 Volvo XC60 runs 5 to 7 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2019 Volvo XC60?

The manufacturer has filed 548 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2019 Volvo XC60, most often covering equipment, electrical system, unknown or other. The most recent is dated 2026-05-23. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2019 Volvo XC60 do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2019 Volvo XC60 failed the emissions check on 2.4% of first inspections — close to the 2.7% for every 2019 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.2% (every 2019 vehicle: 1.7%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations4 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates4 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls8NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints37NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratingsnoneNHTSA NCAPNHTSA has not tested this model year. Cars are selected for testing, so untested is not unsafe.
Service bulletins548NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations1NHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationOpen and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA11 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

JSON for this page · API