2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class
The 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class is sold in the U.S. as a plug-in hybrid and hybrid large SUV with 10 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the GLE450e 4matic, is EPA-rated at 23 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 3 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of C. Owners have filed 36 complaints, most often about the electrical system.

Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLE450e 4matic | Plug-in hybrid | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo + 100 kW PMSM | 21 | 26 | 23 (42 MPGe blended) | 50 mi electric | 56 | 3 h | $3,550 |
| GLE350 | Hybrid | RWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 21 | 28 | 23 | — | — | — | $3,550 |
| GLE350 4matic | Hybrid | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 19 | 26 | 22 | — | — | — | $3,750 |
| GLE450 4matic | Hybrid | AWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 19 | 25 | 21 | — | — | — | $3,900 |
| GLE450 4matic (coupe) | Hybrid | AWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 19 | 25 | 21 | — | — | — | $3,900 |
| AMG GLE53 4matic Plus | Hybrid | AWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 18 | 23 | 20 | — | — | — | $4,100 |
| AMG GLE53 4matic Plus Coupe | Hybrid | AWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 18 | 22 | 20 | — | — | — | $4,100 |
| GLE580 4matic | Hybrid | AWD | 4.0L 8-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 15 | 20 | 17 | — | — | — | $4,850 |
| AMG GLE63 S 4matic Plus | Hybrid | AWD | 4.0L 8-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 14 | 19 | 16 | — | — | — | $5,150 |
| AMG GLE63 S 4matic Plus Coupe | Hybrid | AWD | 4.0L 8-cyl turbo + 48V Li-Ion | 14 | 19 | 16 | — | — | — | $5,150 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 48675, 48614, 48106, 48140, 48141, 48143, 48144, 48138, 48135, 48134.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLE450e 4matic | 6 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay |
| AMG GLE53 4matic Plus, AMG GLE53 4matic Plus Coupe, GLE350, GLE350 4matic, GLE450 4matic (coupe) | 6 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| GLE450 4matic | 6 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| AMG GLE63 S 4matic Plus Coupe, GLE580 4matic | 4 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| AMG GLE63 S 4matic Plus | 4 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] |
| Doors | 4 |
| GVWR class | Class 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg) |
Engine Basics
| Cylinders | 4 |
| Displacement | 2 L |
| Engine configuration | In-Line |
Engine Output
| Horsepower | 255 hp |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Seating
| Seat rows | 2 |
| Seating capacity | 5 seats |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | AWD/All-Wheel Drive |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Transmission speeds | 9 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Parking assist
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: GLE350 4MATIC, GLE450 4MATIC, GLE450e 4MATIC, GLE580 4MATIC). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 194.1–195.3 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 79.1–79.5 in |
| Height | 68.1–70.9 in |
| Wheelbase | 115.7–118.1 in |
| Track, front | 65.7–66.1 in |
| Track, rear | 66.5–68.1 in |
| Curb weight | 5,038–5,838 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 49/51 to 56/44 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 7 configurations: 350 4Matic 4-door SUV, 450 4Matic 4-door SUV, 450E 4Matic 4-door SUV, AMG 53 4Matic 4-door SUV, AMG 53 Coupe 4-door SUV, AMG 63 4Matic 4-door SUV …. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
The cheapest ownership win
Insurers price the 2025 GLE-Class very differently, and the gap between the best and worst quote on the same car and driver is usually larger than any option you are weighing on this page.
How to compare cover →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (3)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseSeat Belts
2026010003Visibility
2025060001These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
Whether any of this applies to one specific GLE-Class
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2025 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Mercedes-Benz publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this GLE-Class →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database2 involved a crash · 3 a fire · 5 injuries · 0 deaths reported
5.3 per 10,000 built · Mercedes-Benz reported 67,780 GLE-Class built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2024: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2026: 21
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
Radiator started leaking in <3000 miles of driving the brand new GLE 580 Mercedes Benz. Twice I got errors in the car that stated check coolant level I could hear liquid moving in the front of the car when I parked it. Once while driving, the AC totally stopped working and on the entire drive, I couldn't feel the cool air.
In the past 1 year, my car has had about 6-7 incidents where the car abruptly breaks and seatbelts tighten. This has been at speeds of 30- 40mph more or less. NOTE: There was NO reason for the hard breaking as there were NO cars and NO pedestrians in sight.
On XXX, at about 3:30 PM, my wife was driving our 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE 350 (under 10,000 miles) home with our son in the front passenger seat. Smoke began coming from the seat belt area and from under the front passenger seat, and the vehicle caught fire while being driven.
The contact owns a 2025 Mercedes-Benz AMG GLE 53. The contact stated that while driving behind another vehicle with cruise control set at approximately 50 MPH, the vehicle came to a stop at a traffic light.
Since shortly after the vehicle's purchase, I have experienced a persistent, recurring, and unresolved defect in the vehicle's brake hydraulic system. Specifically, after the vehicle has been stationary at a traffic light or stop for a period of time with the brake pedal depressed, the brake pedal progressively sinks and travels to the…
On XXX, at about 3:30 PM, my wife was driving our 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE 350 (under 10,000 miles) home with our son in the front passenger seat. Smoke began coming from the seat belt area and from under the front passenger seat, and the vehicle caught fire while being driven.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Mercedes-Benz itself: 4 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 6 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 5.9 per 100,000 built. Every GLE-Class model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAPNHTSA has not published 5-Star crash ratings for this model year.
Driver-assist crash reports (1)
Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-011 severity unknown
Jul 2026 to Jul 2026 · 1 with an air bag deployment · 1 towed
What was engaged, and what was hit
System named: Active Distance Assist Distronic and Active Steering Assist (1)
Crash partner: Other 1
Filed by: Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC
| Incident | System | Struck | Injury alleged | State | Speed | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 2026 | Level 2 · Active Distance Assist Distronic and Active Steering Assist | Other | unknown | NJ | — | 855-15937 |
From the manufacturer’s own filing
The reporting entity’s narrative as NHTSA published it, with anything identifying removed and nothing added. A narrative is a notice, written before the entity had verified what happened.
The subject MY 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE 450e 4MATIC is equipped with the Driver Assistance Package that includes L2 ADAS Active Distance Assist Distronic and Active Steering Assist. The driver of the subject vehicle initially contacted the Mercedes-Benz USA (“MBUSA”) Customer Care Center (“CCC”) on July 20, 2026, and claimed he was driving the subject vehicle…
A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Electrical System, Power Train, Structure, Visibility/Wiper, Engine.
- LI20.00-P-080222 Service bulletin2026-10-23 · Engine
- Complaint Customer states that the yellow "Coolant" message is populated in the instrument cluster. The following DTC is found stored in the PTCU: P2B2A7A ‑ The speed of the 'Coolant pump' component part is too high. A leak or defective seal was detected Notes on fault code:The fault code concerns the right rear 15 W pump on the side of the transmission (M43/6, Figure 1, position C). The fault
- LI47.70-P-079912 Service bulletin2026-09-29 · Electrical System
- Complaint Vehicle will not start after DC charging Warning in the instrument cluster related to High‑voltage on board electrical system The following fault codes related to stuck contactor can be found in the High Voltage Control units : PTCU ‑ N127 (Powertrain control unit) • P154900 ‑ There is a warning due to overcurrent in the charging system of the high‑voltage electric circuit. • P154A00 ‑ T
- LI46.10-P-080896 Service bulletin2026-09-26 · Steering
- Complaint Slight creaking noises when steering. Cause Noises may come from one or more sleeves of the horn contact plate. Remedy Remove the horn contact plate and check the sleeves for noise; see attached video. If necessary, apply lubricant to the sleeves.
- LI27.00-P-073124 Service bulletin2026-09-26 · Power Train
- Complaint Customer complaints relating to automatic transmission 725.0 (NAG3 Classic /9G‑TRONIC automatic transmission) and 725.1 (NAG3 facelift/9G‑TRONIC automatic transmission facelift) For faster, more effective and more targeted diagnosis, Intelligent Predictive Repair (IPR) has been developed and integrated into XENTRY Diagnosis. This ensures an automated diagnosis process. Cause As part of t
- LI18.00-P-073137 Service bulletin2026-09-26 · Engine
- Complaint Sporadic warning message in instrument cluster "Engine oil pressure, stop switch off vehicle" (or similar) is shown in red on vehicles with low mileage. Cause Directional control valve may stick. Remedy 1‑ Read off oil level in instrument cluster and correct if necessary. 2‑ Perform approx. 10‑15 engine starts, then clear fault codes. 3‑ Perform road test with vehicle. If fault code reoc
- LI42.10-P-078779 Service bulletin2026-09-22 · Service Brakes
- Complaint Repeat workshop visit for vehicle vibration while braking from 60MPH. NOTE: Although the symptom is similar to a tire or wheel vibration, it is usually readily noticeable that it is distinctly different if it happens at all times or only while braking. Cause Although the cause of the vibration is most likely due to excessive lateral runout on the rotor or hub/wheel bearing, the system as
- LI20.10-P-075374 Service bulletin2026-09-17 · Engine
- Complaint Red coolant warning in instrument cluster. Fault codes U019F00 or U019F87 current/stored in MRG1 control unit. Cause Various causes Remedy Perform guided test for fault code U019F with XENTRY diagnosis. Verify the following connections are clean and tight. Correct any problems and retest pump actuation: ‑12V plug at M75/11 ‑48V plug at M75/11 ‑48V connector X192/4 ‑Connections at 48V fus
- LI82.60-P-080383 Service bulletin2026-09-15 · Electrical System
- Complaint Radio station cover art does not refresh when switching stations. The UI continues to show the old station’s artwork instead of updating to the new one. Cause When a new station change request is triggered, a temporary glitch is causing the Head Unit application to fail to overwrite the previous request. This glitch is causing the cover art mismatch in the Radio application. Remedy Pleas
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| U019F U019F on Mercedes-Benz → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 11 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class failed the safety inspection on 0.35% of first inspections — close to the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected.
failed the safety inspection
4,320 initial inspections of 4,240 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2025 GLE-Class | Every 2025 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the safety inspection | 0.35% | 0.36% | 4,320 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.16% | 0.16% | 4,320 |
| Miles driven a year | 7,367 | 8,354 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 10,680 | 12,194 | odometer at inspection |
New York does not emissions-test model years this new, so the safety inspection is the record here. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2025 vehicle” is every 2025 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
GLE-Class by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2025 GLE-Class
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 3 recall campaigns for the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class. The most serious on file is 26V199000, covering Air Bags. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class?
NHTSA has not published a crash-test rating for the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class yet. On the recall record WhichTrim grades it C (79/100), which measures open and severe recalls rather than crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class?
Across the 10 EPA-rated configurations of the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class, the best EPA combined figure is 23 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions). Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class?
Transport Canada measured it at 194.1–195.3 in long, 79.1–79.5 in wide (body, without mirrors), 68.1–70.9 in tall, on a 115.7–118.1 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 5,038–5,838 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class?
Owners have filed 36 complaints with NHTSA about the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class, most often about electrical system, engine, unspecified. Of those, 2 involved a crash, 3 a fire, 5 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class?
The EPA smog rating for the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class runs 4 to 6 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class?
The manufacturer has filed 1463 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class, most often covering electrical system, power train, structure. The most recent is dated 2026-10-23. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class failed the safety inspection on 0.35% of first inspections — close to the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected. The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 10 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 10 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 3 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 36 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | none | NHTSA NCAP | NHTSA has not tested this model year. Cars are selected for testing, so untested is not unsafe. |
| Service bulletins | 1463 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | none | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | No defect investigation has been opened. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | 1 | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 13 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.