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Your vehicleHome›Ram›2500› 2024
Ram · Pickup truck

2024 Ram 2500

Heavy-duty pickup
0 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
D
Safety Signal
69 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Counts recalls, not crash safety — this vehicle earned 4 of 5 stars from NHTSA. A much-recalled best-seller scores low here; see the methodology.
Recalls1 critical 5
Complaints7 crash · 2 fire · 8 injured reported 59
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 4★
20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2024 Ram 2500 is a pickup truck; vehicles over 8,500 lb GVWR are not certified for fuel economy by the EPA, so this page is built from NHTSA's recall, complaint and investigation records. NHTSA lists 5 recall campaigns for this model year, 1 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 59 complaints, most often about the service brakes. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall.

Ram Heavy Duty — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Ram Heavy Duty · Photo: Kevauto · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov

No EPA fuel-economy record: the EPA does not certify vehicles over 8,500 lb GVWR. Recall, complaint and investigation data below come from NHTSA.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body stylePickup
GVWR classClass 2H: 9,001 - 10,000 lb (4,082 - 4,536 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders8
Displacement6.4 L
Engine configurationV-Shaped

Engine Output

Horsepower410 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Seating

Seat rows2
Seating capacity5 seats

Transmission

Drivetrain4WD/4-Wheel Drive/4x4
TransmissionAutomatic
Transmission speeds8

Driver assistance

Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Backup camera, Electronic stability control, Parking assist, Rear cross-traffic alert

Optional: Automatic emergency braking, Blind-spot monitoring, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: Big Horn, Laramie, Limited, Power Wagon / Rebel). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length230.7–259.4 in
Width (body, without mirrors)79.5 in
Height78.0–80.3 in
Wheelbase140.6–168.9 in
Track, front68.5 in
Track, rear68.1 in
Curb weight6,001–7,050 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear57/43

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 7 configurations: New Gen Crew Cab L/Box 2WD, New Gen Crew Cab L/Box 4WD, New Gen Crew Cab S/Box 2WD, New Gen Crew Cab S/Box 4WD, New Gen Mega Cab S/Box 4WD, New Gen Reg Cab L/Box 2WD …. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

Also on file Beside the 2024 2500
Other years The 2025 2500 Recalls Ram recalls
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The cheapest ownership win

Insurers price the 2024 2500 very differently, and the gap between the best and worst quote on the same car and driver is usually larger than any option you are weighing on this page.

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Recalls (5)

Source: NHTSA recall database
●moderate

Back Over Prevention

46D
16 vehicles built Feb 9, 2024 – Feb 9, 2024
Problem Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2019 and 2023 Chrysler Pacifica, 2024 Ram 1500, Ram 2500, and 2024-2025 Jeep Wrangler vehicles. Contamination in the central vision processing module or improper programming may cause the rearview camera image not to display. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 111, "Rear Visibility." Risk A rearview image that does not display reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will update the central vision processing module software or replace the module, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed beginning July 16, 2026. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is 46D. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will be searchable on NHTSA.gov on May 28, 2026.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDFDealer notice PDF
NHTSA campaign 26V327000 reported May 21, 2026 Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Power Train

43D
12,736 vehicles 29% reported repaired
Problem Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2023-2026 Ram 2500 Pick up trucks. A software error in the powertrain control module may improperly allow the vehicle speed to exceed the tire speed rating, which can result in a loss of vehicle control. Risk Loss of vehicle control increases the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will update the powertrain control module software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed May 21, 2026. Owners may contact FCA customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA's number for this recall is 43D. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will become searchable on NHTSA.gov beginning May 14, 2026.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDFDealer notice PDF
NHTSA campaign 26V288000 reported May 7, 2026 Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Steering

14B,33B,34B,35B,36B
38,164 vehicles 80% reported repaired
Problem Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) (Stellantis) is recalling certain 2023-2024 Ram 1500, Jeep Wrangler, Jeep Wagoneer, Jeep Grand Wagoneer, Chrysler Pacifica, Ram 3500, Ram 3500 cab chassis, Ram 2500, Ram 4500 cab chassis, Ram 5500 cab chassis, 2023 Jeep Gladiator, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Jeep Grand Cherokee L, Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a GVWR less than 10,000 lbs., and Chrysler Voyager vehicles. The steering column control module may not be welded properly, which can prevent the driver's air bag from deploying in a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk An air bag that does not deploy in a crash can increase the risk of injury. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the steering column control module, as necessary free of charge. Some owner notification letters were mailed April 11, 2024 through June 20, 2024. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's numbers for this recall are 14B, 33B, 34B, 35B, 36B.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 24V199000 reported Mar 14, 2024 Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) (Stellantis) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
○minor

Exterior Lighting

B2A & D5A
185,251 vehicles 86% reported repaired
Problem Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2023 Ram 1500 Classic, Ram 3500 Classic, 3500 Cab Chassis, 2023-2024 Ram 2500, 4500/5500 Cab Chassis, and Ram 3500 vehicles. The steering column control module may cause the high beams to activate when the turn signal is used or activate the turn signal when the high beams are used. In addition, the turn signal self-canceling feature may not function properly. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 108, "Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment." Risk Turn signals and/or high beams that do not function as intended may cause confusion or reduced visibility to other road users, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will update the steering column control module (SCCM) software, and inspect and replace the module, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 19, 2023. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's numbers for this recall are B2A and D5A.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V799000 reported Nov 28, 2023 Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
●moderate

Back Over Prevention

97A
272,911 vehicles 99% reported repaired
Problem Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2022-2023 Ram 1500, Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with GVWR less than 10,000 lbs., and 2022-2024 Ram 2500 vehicles. The radio software may prevent the rearview image from displaying. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility." Risk A rearview camera that does not display an image reduces the driver's rear view, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will update the radio software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed October 24, 2023. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 97A.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V654000 reported Sep 28, 2023 Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific 2500

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2024 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Ram publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

NHTSA VIN check →Ram’s own VIN lookup →

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2024 Ram 2500, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2024 Ram 2500

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this 2500 →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
59complaints filed

7 involved a crash · 2 a fire · 8 injuries · 0 deaths reported

3.4 per 10,000 built · Ram reported 172,726 2500 built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2024: 7 · 2025: 27 · 2026: 25

Most-cited components

Service Brakes 15
Electrical System 12
Engine 9
Power Train 7
Forward Collision Avoidance 6
Tires 5

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

The truck is currently exhibiting a loud metal tapping/ slapping/ ticking noise when driving from the engine. It is loud enough it can be heard over road/ wind noise, it can also be heard in high idle situations.
Engine Sep 21, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11688757
Twice, the seatbelt recoil mechanism has failed. Not only will the seatbelt not self retract, potentially leaving a considerable amount of slack in the seatbelt, but also the seatbelt does not stop when it is pulled quickly, meaning that it doesn't actually do anything in the case of an accident.
Seat Belts Sep 15, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11687381
Front parking sensors always being disabled due to something. Keeps saying wipe sensors. Comes no matter what speeds am driving and causes other codes and fault in truck
Electrical System Jul 23, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11675662
LT285/60R20 with 12,700 miles. I had just left the parking lot at the Cumberland YMCA and was merging into traffic on westbound in Cumberland Md., accelerating to the speed limit (55MPH) when I began hearing a noise. I then saw a red warning light on the dashboard indicating 0 tire pressure on the left rear tire.
Tires Jul 7, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11671516
The brake pedal on my truck is very spongy. It goes halfway to the floor if it isn't pumped at least 2 times before braking. I find it very distressing in tight situations where I do not have time to pump before braking. I took it to the dealership and they say there is nothing wrong. This is a brand new truck
Service Brakes Jun 29, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11670091
When truck is in drive and I press the brake to shift to reverse, when I take my foot off the brake truck will go forward before reversing. Dealership says there is no problem with it. I find it to be dangerous
Power Train Jun 29, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11670093

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Ram itself: 26 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 1 killed, 31 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 15 per 100,000 built. Every 2500 model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
PU/CC 4WD★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★☆☆29%
PU/CC RWD★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆20%
PU/CC 4WDnot ratednot ratednot rated★★★☆☆29%
PU/RC 4WDnot ratednot ratednot rated★★★☆☆29%
PU/RC RWDnot ratednot ratednot rated★★★★☆20%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Extended coverage on file 5 filings by the manufacturer with NHTSA naming this model year

The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every Stellantis warranty extension (117) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →

Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 307
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-10-15
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 286 service bulletins, 14 others, 5 warranty extensions

Most often about: Electrical System, Engine, Structure, Power Train, Unknown Or Other.

  • 9100945 Service bulletin
    2026-10-15 · Electrical System
  • FUSE BLOCK - PWR DISTRIBUTION A/C Blowing hot air or not working. A/C relay clutch not operating, dealers are unnecessary replacing PDCs. Battery disconnection is required to reset PCM. Please follow SOL S2624000004.
  • 9100938 Service bulletin
    2026-10-15 · Electrical System
  • FUSE BLOCK - PWR DISTRIBUTION
  • 08-375-26 Service bulletin
    2026-10-14 · Electrical System
  • Tow Nav Menu Option Unavailable - UBQ/UBW Customers may comment on the following: SYMPTOM: ● Tow Nav menu option is grayed out and cannot be selected.
  • 9100901 Service bulletin
    2026-09-08 · Structure — Body
  • Passive Entry O/S Dr Handle Prior to replacing an inoperative passive entry door handle, perform Star Online S2623000040.
  • 9100892 Service bulletin
    2026-09-02 · Structure — Body
  • Switch - Tailgate Handle Prior to replacing the Tailgate Handle Switch, please review MasterTech Article - Tailgate Handle Inoperative.
  • S2623000052 REV. A Service bulletin
    2026-09-01 · Electrical System
  • Airbag Warning Light On or Intermittent. The Occupant Restraint Controller (ORC) May Have The Following DTCs (Active/Stored)
  • 114254 Service bulletin
    2026-08-26 · Engine
  • RADIATOR - ENGINE COOLING
  • 114255 Service bulletin
    2026-08-26 · Engine
  • RADIATOR - ENGINE COOLING

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

CodeWhat it meansMost often filed underWhere it appears
P1404
P1404 on Ram →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine3 bulletins
B1560
B1560 on Ram →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →2 bulletins
B1561
B1561 on Ram →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →2 bulletins
B1562
B1562 on Ram →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →2 bulletins
B1E21
B1E21 on Ram →		Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Electrical System · Battery →2 bulletins
P0299
P0299 on Ram →		The turbocharger or supercharger is not making the boost the computer asked for.Engine2 bulletins
P02E3Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train2 bulletins
P0490Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train2 bulletins
P245DManufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Power Train2 bulletins

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2024 Ram 2500 failed the emissions check on 0% of first inspections — lower than the 1.5% for every 2024 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.53% (every 2024 vehicle: 0.74%).

New York inspections 0%

failed emissions

1,316 initial inspections of 1,301 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2024 2500Every 2024 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check0%1.5%812
Failed the safety inspection0.53%0.74%1,316
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.15%0.17%1,316
Miles driven a year10,5819,424odometer at inspection
Average odometer24,57921,104odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2024 vehicle” is every 2024 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

2500 by model year

all years, side by side →
Year Safety Recalls Complaints
2026 D 8 29 2025 D 6 66 2024 this page D 5 59 2023 F 8 49 Park outside2022 F 12 181 Park outside2021 F 8 108 Park outside2020 F 10 162 2019 F 12 193 2018 F 9 2,607 2017 F 11 698 2016 F 12 259

Common questions about the 2024 2500

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2024 Ram 2500 have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 5 recall campaigns for the 2024 Ram 2500, 1 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 26V288000, covering Power Train. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2024 Ram 2500?

NHTSA gave the 2024 Ram 2500 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 3-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it D (69/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What are the dimensions of the 2024 Ram 2500?

Transport Canada measured it at 230.7–259.4 in long, 79.5 in wide (body, without mirrors), 78.0–80.3 in tall, on a 140.6–168.9 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 6,001–7,050 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2024 Ram 2500?

Owners have filed 59 complaints with NHTSA about the 2024 Ram 2500, most often about service brakes, electrical system, engine. Of those, 7 involved a crash, 2 a fire, 8 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

Are there service bulletins for the 2024 Ram 2500?

The manufacturer has filed 307 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2024 Ram 2500, most often covering electrical system, engine, structure. The most recent is dated 2026-10-15. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2024 Ram 2500 do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2024 Ram 2500 failed the emissions check on 0% of first inspections — lower than the 1.5% for every 2024 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.53% (every 2024 vehicle: 0.74%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurationsnoneEPA certification recordsThe EPA does not certify vehicles rated over 8,500 lb GVWR, so heavy-duty nameplates have no entry at all.
Emission certificatesnoneEPA emission certificatesThe EPA published no certificate we could match to a configuration on this page.
Recalls5NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints59NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings5 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins307NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
InvestigationsnoneNHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationNo defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA12 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Where to go next

pages beside this one
Other years The 2025 2500 The 2500 model year with the cleanest record on file — grade D, 6 recalls.Recalls Every Ram recall on file All campaigns filed against Ram vehicles, newest first, with the manufacturer's own number.Recall Watch Watch this 2500 by VIN Give it the VIN and you hear the night a campaign is filed — from $29 a month for a lot, free for ten.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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