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2024 Nissan Frontier

Gas

Standard Pickup Trucks 4WD
3 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26

Safety Signal

81 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record

RecallsNHTSA campaigns 3

Complaints1 fire reported 22

Crash ratingNHTSA overall 4★

Fuel economybest combined, EPA 21 mpg

Starting MSRP14 trims · manufacturer $31,810

2027 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016

The 2024 Nissan Frontier is sold in the U.S. as a gas large pickup truck with 3 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Frontier 2WD, is EPA-rated at 21 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 3 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of B. Owners have filed 22 complaints, most often about the power train. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall. Manufacturer pricing runs from $31,810 to $43,380 across 14 trims.

Nissan Frontier — photograph via Wikimedia Commons — Nissan Frontier · Photo: Alexander Migl · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Trims & pricing

Source: manufacturer press kitWhich trim should I buy? → Compare a trim →

Trim	Powertrain	Drive	MSRP	HP	Torque	MPG comb	Seats	Cargo (2nd row)	Wheels
S Crew Cab	Gas	4X2	$31,810	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
S Crew Cab	Gas	4X4	$34,810	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
SV Crew Cab SWB	Gas	4X2	$34,610	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
SV Crew Cab LWB	Gas	4X2	$37,440	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
SV Crew Cab SWB	Gas	4X4	$37,610	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
SV Crew Cab LWB	Gas	4X4	$40,440	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
PRO-X Crew Cab	Gas	4X2	$37,040	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	17 in
PRO-4X Crew Cab	Gas	4X4	$40,040	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	17 in
SL Crew Cab	Gas	4X2	$40,380	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
SL Crew Cab	Gas	4X4	$43,380	310 hp	281 lb-ft	—	—	—	—
S King Cab	Gas	4X2	—	310 hp	281 lb-ft	21 mpg	4	29.1 cu-ft	16 in
S King Cab	Gas	4X4	—	310 hp	281 lb-ft	20 mpg	4	29.1 cu-ft	16 in
SV King Cab	Gas	4X2	—	310 hp	281 lb-ft	21 mpg	4	29.1 cu-ft	16 in
SV King Cab	Gas	4X4	—	310 hp	281 lb-ft	20 mpg	4	29.1 cu-ft	16 in

MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov

Configuration	Powertrain	Drive	Engine / motor	City	Hwy	Comb	Annual fuel*
Frontier 2WD	Gas	RWD	3.8L 6-cyl	18	24	21	$3,200
Frontier 4WD	Gas	4WD (part-time)	3.8L 6-cyl	18	22	20	$3,350
Frontier 4WD PRO4X	Gas	4WD (part-time)	3.8L 6-cyl	18	21	19	$3,550

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 47249, 47250, 47251.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates

Configuration	Smog rating	Emission standard	Where it can be sold new	SmartWay
Frontier 2WD, Frontier 4WD PRO4X	5 / 10	Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70	All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards	—
Frontier 4WD	5 / 10	California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70	All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards	—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

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Recalls (3)

Source: NHTSA recall database

●moderate

Exterior Lighting

PD121

1,119 vehicles 78% reported repaired built May 16, 2024 – May 31, 2024

Problem Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2024 Nissan Frontier vehicles. The right-side headlight assemblies may have missing or illegible headlight aim markings, which can result in improperly aimed headlights. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 108, "Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment." Risk Improperly aimed headlights can result in insufficient illumination of the road, decreasing the driver's visibility and increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the right-side headlight as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 20, 2024. Owners may contact Nissan customer service at 1-800-867-7669. Nissan's number for this recall is PD121.

Filed with NHTSADefect report PDF Owner letter PDF

NHTSA campaign 24V582000 reported Aug 6, 2024 Nissan North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

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Steering

PD109

5,929 vehicles 81% reported repaired built Jan 29, 2024 – Mar 4, 2024

Problem Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2024 Frontier vehicles. The front right-side lower link may have been manufactured with an oversized ball joint, which can result in corrosion and ball joint separation from the front right-side lower link. Risk Ball joint separation can cause a loss of steering control, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the front right-side lower link, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed August 15, 2024. Owners may contact Nissan's customer service at 1-800-867-7669. Nissan's number for this recall is PD109.

Filed with NHTSADefect report PDF Owner letter PDF Remedy instructions PDF

NHTSA campaign 24V479000 reported Jun 26, 2024 Nissan North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

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Air Bags

PD103, PD104, PMA34

351 vehicles 86% reported repaired

Problem Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2024 Titan, Frontier, Infiniti QX60, Pathfinder, 2023-2024 Sentra, Versa, Kicks, Infiniti QX50, and 2023 Rogue vehicles. Due to a manufacturing issue, the driver's air bag inflator may absorb moisture, and cause the air bag to deploy improperly. Risk An air bag that deploys improperly may not protect the driver as intended during a crash, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Dealers will replace the front driver's air bag assembly, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed April 10, 2024. Owners may contact Nissan customer service at 1-800-867-7669. Nissan's numbers for this recall are PD103, PD104, and PMA34.

Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF Remedy instructions PDF

NHTSA campaign 24V154000 reported Feb 27, 2024 Nissan North America, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific Frontier

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2024 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Nissan publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

NHTSA VIN check →Nissan’s own VIN lookup →

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2024 Nissan Frontier, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database

22complaints filed

0 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 0 injuries · 0 deaths reported

3.0 per 10,000 built · Nissan reported 72,648 Frontier built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2024: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2026: 10

Most-cited components

Power Train 6

Service Brakes 4

Fuel/Propulsion System 3

Electrical System 3

Visibility/Wiper 3

Suspension 2

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

Truck has 13,000 miles Truck didnt start. Had to have some jump start. Took it to dealership. They Said battery passed but recharged it. 2 months later Truck died in the middle of a busy intersection. Could of got rear ended. I have my child with me at all times

Electrical System Sep 10, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11763498

This is a nine speed transmission which basically shifts up each gear every 5 to 6 MPH until you hit 9th gear about 52 MPH. The transmission will not shift to next gear fast enough causing the vehicle to be very slow. The transmission has to go through 5 gears to get to 30 MPH.

Power Train Jul 29, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11753404

On the evening of April 22, 2026, my 2024 Nissan frontier with approximately 7600 miles on it had an electrical fire in the front driver side fog lamp housing. My vehicle has a manufacturer warranty of 36,000 miles or 36 months. I received a denial letter for honoring the warranty by Nissan consumer affairs on May 18, 2026.

Exterior Lighting Jun 6, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11742497

I have a 2024 Nissan Frontier PRO 4X. Front windshield leaks on the passenger side. Took it to the dealer roughly 7 times. After the purchase I notice water coming down the windshield. Took it to the dealer supposedly they thought it got fixed. After got home and the next time it rained and leaked again.

Visibility/Wiper May 31, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11741179

On December 29th 2025 I was driving the vehicle in a residential area approximately 40 MPH. The Interior ABS warning lights illuminated. I could here a banging noise coming from the back of the Vehicle.

Service Brakes Jan 15, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11711159

Several times since I purchased this vehicle new I have experienced throttle delay from a standing position. (Example) While stopped at a red ;light or a stop sign or trying to accelerate from a stopped position into oncoming traffic there is a throttle delay of a few seconds. In other words I step on the gas peddle and nothing happens.

Fuel/Propulsion System May 28, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11663316

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Nissan itself: 1 death-or-injury claim on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 1 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 1.4 per 100,000 built. Every Frontier model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP

Configuration	Overall	Frontal	Side	Rollover	Rollover risk
PU/CC 4WD	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	★★★★★	★★★☆☆	20%
PU/CC RWD	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	★★★★★	★★★☆☆	20%
PU/EC 4WD	not rated	not rated	not rated	★★★☆☆	20%
PU/EC RWD	not rated	not rated	not rated	★★★☆☆	20%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications

Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 22

Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-04-13

Kindsas classified by NHTSA 22 service bulletins

Most often about: Electrical System, Structure, Forward Collision Avoidance, Visibility/Wiper, Exterior Lighting.

NTB09-131C Service bulletin
2026-04-13 · Structure — Body
CERTIFICATION LABEL AND VIN PLATE REPLACEMENT SERVICE INFORMATION Because of collision damage or other vehicle repair, a replacement “Certification Label” or “VIN Plate/Label” may be needed. HINT: Certification Label = FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) label. These items may be available from Nissan by request if certain criteria are met. This bulletin lists the criteria and provides
NTB09-131C Service bulletin
2026-04-13 · Structure — Body
CERTIFICATION LABEL AND VIN PLATE REPLACEMENT SERVICE INFORMATION Because of collision damage or other vehicle repair, a replacement “Certification Label” or “VIN Plate/Label” may be needed. HINT: Certification Label = FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) label. These items may be available from Nissan by request if certain criteria are met. This bulletin lists the criteria and provides
NTB25-042 Service bulletin
2025-09-10 · Structure — Body
EXCESSIVE WIND NOISE FROM WINDSHIELD AREA YOU CONFIRM The customer states there is a screeching, humming, buzzing, whistling and/or squealing type wind noise from the windshield/roof area of the vehicle, AND The wind noise is most noticeable at speeds of 50 mph or higher. ACTION Use the SERVICE PROCEDURE starting on page 4 to install two (2) pieces of foam (one on each side) between the windshield
NTB19-042F Service bulletin
2025-02-20 · Electrical System
AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING WARNING LIGHT BLINKING APPLIED SYSTEMS: Vehicles equipped with a lane camera (see Figure 1) SERVICE INFORMATION If the Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) warning light or is blinking (but not illuminated steadily) or the customer states it is blinking, and there are no related DTCs, inspect the windshield. A blinking AEB warning light may occur under the following condit
NTB19-033G Service bulletin
2025-02-20 · Electrical System
INTELLIGENT CRUISE CONTROL INOPERATIVE AND AEB/FEB WARNING LIGHT ON OR RADAR OBSTRUCTION MESSAGE DISPLAYED WITH DTC C1A16 OR C2582 IF YOU CONFIRM IMPORTANT: The purpose of ACTION (on the next page) is to give you a quick idea of the work you will be performing. You MUST closely follow the entire SERVICE PROCEDURE as it contains information that is essential to successfully completing this repair.
NTB19-071D Service bulletin
2024-09-19 · Air Bags
DTC B00A0-00 STORED This bulletin has been amended. See AMENDMENT HISTORY on the last page. Please discard previous versions of this bulletin. IF YOU CONFIRM DTC B00A0-00 (OCCUPANT DETECTION SENSOR UNIT) is stored, AND OCS zero point reset cannot be performed, (continued on the next page)
NTB22-103B Service bulletin
2024-08-15 · Electrical System
INFOTAINMENT CONTROL UNIT REPLACEMENT SERVICE INFORMATION APPLIED VEHICLES: 2021-2024 Armada (Y62) 2022-2024 Frontier (D41) – Pro-X and Pro-4X 2022-2024 Pathfinder (R53) 2021-2023 Rogue (T33) 2020-2024 Titan (A61) 2023-2024 Z (Z34) SERVICE INFORMATION When replacing an AV Control Unit (Infotainment Control Unit), for any reason, all three steps below are required. If all three steps are not comple
NTB22-027B Service bulletin
2024-08-15 · Electrical System
DTC B2E01-96 (INTERNAL BATTERY) STORED AS CURRENT IN IVC This bulletin has been amended. See AMENDMENT HISTORY on the last page. Please discard previous versions of this bulletin. SERVICE INFORMATION The APPLIED VEHICLES that come equipped with a factory installed SOS switch, located near the overhead map lamp, also come equipped with a wireless communication device called a Telematics Communicati

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

Code	What it means	Most often filed under	Where it appears
C1A16 C1A16 on Nissan →	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Electrical System · Battery →	1 bulletin
C2582	Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.	Electrical System · Battery →	1 bulletin

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

New York inspections 0.54%

failed emissions

2,050 initial inspections of 2,026 vehicles.

Measure	The 2024 Frontier	Every 2024 vehicle	Behind it
Failed the emissions check	0.54%	1.5%	1,676
Failed the safety inspection	0.68%	0.74%	2,050
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit	0.05%	0.17%	2,050
Miles driven a year	9,351	9,424	odometer at inspection
Average odometer	21,518	21,104	odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2024 vehicle” is every 2024 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Frontier by model year

all years, side by side →

Year Safety Recalls Complaints

2027 A^* 0 0 21 mpg 2026 A 1 11 21 mpg 2025 B 3 9 21 mpg 2024 this page B 3 22 21 mpg 2023 A 1 66 21 mpg 2022 D 6 112 20 mpg 2021 B 2 20 20 mpg 2020 B 2 23 20 mpg 2019 A 1 28 21 mpg 2018 B 2 25 21 mpg 2017 A 1 38 21 mpg 2016 B 1 43 21 mpg

Common questions about the 2024 Frontier

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

How much does the 2024 Nissan Frontier cost?

Manufacturer pricing runs from $31,810 for the S Crew Cab 4X2 to $43,380 for the SL Crew Cab 4X4, across 10 trims. Those are MSRPs from the manufacturer's own press material; they exclude destination, options, taxes and whatever the dealer adds. Every trim and price is listed above.

Does the 2024 Nissan Frontier have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 3 recall campaigns for the 2024 Nissan Frontier. The most serious on file is 24V479000, covering Steering. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2024 Nissan Frontier?

NHTSA gave the 2024 Nissan Frontier 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 3-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it B (81/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2024 Nissan Frontier?

Across the 3 EPA-rated configurations of the 2024 Nissan Frontier, the best EPA combined figure is 21 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What do owners complain about on the 2024 Nissan Frontier?

Owners have filed 22 complaints with NHTSA about the 2024 Nissan Frontier, most often about power train, service brakes, fuel/propulsion system. Of those, 1 a fire. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2024 Nissan Frontier?

The EPA smog rating for the 2024 Nissan Frontier is 5 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2024 Nissan Frontier?

The manufacturer has filed 22 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2024 Nissan Frontier, most often covering electrical system, structure, forward collision avoidance. The most recent is dated 2026-04-13. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2024 Nissan Frontier do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2024 Nissan Frontier failed the emissions check on 0.54% of first inspections — lower than the 1.5% for every 2024 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.68% (every 2024 vehicle: 0.74%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

Which 2024 Nissan Frontier trim is the best value?

$11,570 separates the cheapest of the 10 trims from the most expensive, so the answer depends on which of the differences you would actually use. Every trim has its own page here with the manufacturer's full specification and equipment list, plus a short summary of exactly what it adds over the base trim — worth reading before a dealer frames the walk-up for you. The trim-by-trim ladder shows what every step up costs and what it makes standard.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

Data	Held	Source	What it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations	3 configurations	EPA certification records	Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates	3 configurations	EPA emission certificates	Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls	3	NHTSA recall campaigns	A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints	22	NHTSA complaint database	Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings	4 tested	NHTSA NCAP	Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins	22	NHTSA manufacturer communications	Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations	none	NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation	No defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reports	none	NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01	No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA	none	NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns	We had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable.
Trims, pricing & equipment	14 trims	Manufacturer press kit	Transcribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.

JSON for this page · API