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Active NHTSA advisory: do not drive. Check your VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls and see the recall details below.
Mercedes-Benz · Large SUV

2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class

Gas
Standard Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD
3 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
D
Safety Signal
63 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Recalls1 critical 5
Complaints1 injured reported 6
Crash ratingnot rated by NHTSA —
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 14 mpg
202720262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class is sold in the U.S. as a gas large SUV with 3 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the AMG G63, is EPA-rated at 14 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 5 recall campaigns for this model year, 1 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 6 complaints, most often about the fuel/propulsion system.

Mercedes-Benz G-Class — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Mercedes-Benz G-Class · Photo: Alexander Migl · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
AMG G63Gas4WD4.0L 8-cyl turbo131614$5,850
G550Gas4WD4.0L 8-cyl turbo131614$5,850
AMG G 63 4x4 SquaredGas4WD4.0L 8-cyl turbo101211$7,450

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 46442, 46244, 46443.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
AMG G633 / 10California LEV-III ULEV125 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 125All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
AMG G 63 4x4 Squared, G5503 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 / California LEV-III ULEV125All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleSport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
Doors4
GVWR classClass 2F: 7,001 - 8,000 lb (3,175 - 3,629 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders8
Displacement4 L
Engine configurationV-Shaped

Engine Output

Horsepower577 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Transmission

Drivetrain4WD/4-Wheel Drive/4x4
Transmission speeds9

Driver assistance

Standard: Adaptive cruise control, Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking, Rear cross-traffic alert

Optional: Blind-spot monitoring

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: AMG G63, AMG G63 4x4^2). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length181.9 in
Width (body, without mirrors)76.0–78.0 in
Height77.6 in
Wheelbase113.8 in
Track, front64.6–65.0 in
Track, rear64.6–65.0 in
Curb weight5,478–5,820 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear53/47 to 54/46

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 2 configurations: 550 4-door SUV, 63 AMG 4-door SUV. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

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Factory warranty running out?

The 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

Recalls (5)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Latches/Locks/Linkages

134 vehicles 82% reported repaired built Aug 2, 2018 – Dec 6, 2022
Problem Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC (MBUSA) is recalling certain 2019-2023 G 550 and 2019-2022 G63 AMG vehicles that received a replacement door latch during a service visit or prior recall repair. Components within the right-side rear door latch may prevent the rear doors from latching or opening properly. Risk The rear door may appear closed even when the latch is not fully engaged, allowing the door to open while driving and increasing the risk of injury or a crash. Damaged latch components may prevent the rear door from being opened while inside the vehicle, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Dealers will replace the right-side rear door latches, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed October 11, 2024. Owners may contact MBUSA customer service at 1-800-367-6372. Vehicles in this recall that were previously repaired under recall 21V-353 will need to have the new remedy completed.
NHTSA campaign 24V659000 reported Sep 9, 2024 Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Visibility

2024030016
9 vehicles 100% reported repaired
Problem Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC (MBUSA) is recalling certain 2022-2023 AMG G 63 and 2023 G 550 vehicles. The air-conditioning system may not have been filled with the correct refrigerant. Risk In the event of a crash, the incorrect refrigerant may leak and increase the risk of a fire. Fix Dealers will replace the air-conditioning refrigerant, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed April 12, 2024. Owners may contact MBUSA customer service at 1-800-367-6372. MBUSA's number for this recall is 2024030016.
NHTSA campaign 24V170000 reported Mar 1, 2024 Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

79,676 vehicles 89% reported repaired
Problem Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC (MBUSA) is recalling certain 2021-2024 GLE, GLS, C-Class, E-Class, S-Class, SL, GLC, CLS, AMG GT, and G-Class vehicles. Please refer to MBUSA's recall report for specific vehicle details. The fuel pump may shutdown, causing a loss of drive power. Risk A loss of drive power can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the fuel pump, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on June 28, 2024. Owner notification letters will be mailed in phases, on February 23, 2024, April 19, 2024, June 28, 2024, August 9, 2024, October 1, 2024, and December 2, 2024. Owners may contact MBUSA customer service at 1-800-367-6372. This recall is an expansion of NHTSA recall number 23V-445.
NHTSA campaign 23V880000 reported Dec 21, 2023 Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Power Train

2024040012/050005
Do not drive 590 vehicles 94% reported repaired
Problem Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC (MBUSA) is recalling certain 2022-2023 AMG G63 special edition 4x4² (squared) vehicles. The rear axle differential housing may develop cracks, possibly resulting in oil leaking onto the roadway or axle failure. Risk Oil leaking onto the roadway may cause a road hazard for following traffic. Rear axle failure can result in a sudden loss of handling or drive power. Either of these conditions can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Owners are advised not to drive their vehicles until the repair has been performed. Towing to an authorized Mercedes-Benz dealer may be necessary. Owner notification letters were mailed on June 28, 2024. Owner notification letters will be mailed in phases, on June 28, 2024, August 9, 2024, August 23, 2024, and September 25, 2024. Owners may contact MBUSA customer service at 1-800-367-6372. MBUSA's number for this recall is 2024040012/050005. This recall expands and replaces previous recall
NHTSA campaign 23V851000 reported Dec 15, 2023 Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

2023070012
143,551 vehicles 92% reported repaired
Problem Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC (MBUSA) is recalling certain 2021-2023 C-Class, E-Class, S-Class, CLS, SL, GT, GLC, GLE, GLS, and G-Class vehicles. Please refer to MBUSA's recall report for specific vehicle details. The fuel pump may shutdown, which can result in a loss of drive power. Risk A loss of drive power can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the fuel pump, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on June 14, 2024. Owners may contact MBUSA customer service at 1-800-367-6372. MBUSA's number for this recall is 2023070012.
NHTSA campaign 23V445000 reported Jun 26, 2023 Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific G-Class

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2023 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Mercedes-Benz publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this G-Class →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
6complaints filed

0 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 1 injuries · 0 deaths reported

8.7 per 10,000 built · Mercedes-Benz reported 6,886 G-Class built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2023: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2025: 1

Most-cited components

Fuel/Propulsion System 3
Unspecified 2
Engine 2
Power Train 1

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

Recall notice was provided on December 15, 2023. As of today May 8, 2024, there are still no remedy in place or any update from the manufacturer. I left several messages to the local Mercedes Benz dealership but did not get a reply
Fuel/Propulsion System May 8, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11587747
Was driving the vehicle on the street when it turned off without notice. I pressed the gas pedal and noticed the vehicle did not accelerate. The cluster showed “see manual” , a red exclamation ❗️and all the warning lights were illuminated.
Engine Jul 9, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11600650
The contact owns a 2023 Mercedes-Benz G63 AMG. The contact received notification of NHTSA Campaign Number: 23V851000 (Power Train) however, the part to do the recall repair was not yet available. The contact stated that the manufacturer had exceeded a reasonable amount of time for the recall repair.
Power Train at 3,000 miles Feb 20, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11572902
Hello I’ve taken my vehicle to two Mercedes benz dealerships to get my vehicle fixed for the recall they both said they cannot fix the vehicle it’s been going on a month and a half now and this vehicle is my form of income ! And now this issue is messing with my lively hood and this is unacceptable!!
Fuel/Propulsion System Feb 19, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11572780
My car’s check engine light came on and my vehicle shut off while I was driving at 40-45 mph on the highway. It has repeatedly done this. I contacted dealership immediately and was told there is a recall for my vehicle coming out on 08/25/2023. My vehicle isn’t safe to drive and they did not have a repair available or solution available.
Fuel/Propulsion System Aug 14, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11538437

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP

NHTSA has not published 5-Star crash ratings for this model year.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Extended coverage on file 1 filing by the manufacturer with NHTSA naming this model year

The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every Mercedes-Benz warranty extension (9) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →

Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 232
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-09-26
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 198 service bulletins, 12 others, 8 over-the-air updates

Most often about: Electrical System, Power Train, Engine, Structure, Service Brakes.

  • LI27.00-P-073124 Service bulletin
    2026-09-26 · Power Train
  • Complaint Customer complaints relating to automatic transmission 725.0 (NAG3 Classic /9G‑TRONIC automatic transmission) and 725.1 (NAG3 facelift/9G‑TRONIC automatic transmission facelift) For faster, more effective and more targeted diagnosis, Intelligent Predictive Repair (IPR) has been developed and integrated into XENTRY Diagnosis. This ensures an automated diagnosis process. Cause As part of t
  • LI42.10-P-078779 Service bulletin
    2026-09-22 · Service Brakes
  • Complaint Repeat workshop visit for vehicle vibration while braking from 60MPH. NOTE: Although the symptom is similar to a tire or wheel vibration, it is usually readily noticeable that it is distinctly different if it happens at all times or only while braking. Cause Although the cause of the vibration is most likely due to excessive lateral runout on the rotor or hub/wheel bearing, the system as
  • LI82.62-P-078631 Service bulletin
    2026-09-14 · Structure — Body
  • Complaint Clanking noise from the area of the speakers in the doors. Cause Under analysis. Remedy To narrow down the cause, first of all remove the door trim. • If the noise continues to occur even with the door trim removed, then continue the diagnosis working towards the speaker and if necessary, create a TIPS case with an informative video as an attachment. Note: Please refer to this document i
  • LI27.10-P-075869 Service bulletin
    2026-09-14 · Power Train
  • Complaint Only vehicles with a variable transfer case are affected. This can be identified through control unit N45 or N15/7 in the quick test. When accelerating with light load, vibrations or jolting sensation may come from the drivetrain. It may be mistaken for a harsh shift. Cause Modified oil quality of the transfer case over time Remedy 1. Check initial quick test for faults in the following
  • LI27.00-P-073124 Service bulletin
    2026-09-04 · Power Train
  • Complaint Customer complaints relating to automatic transmission 725.0 (NAG3 Classic / 9G‑TRONIC automatic transmission) and 725.1 (NAG3 facelift/9G‑TRONIC automatic transmission facelift) For faster, more effective and more targeted diagnosis, Intelligent Predictive Repair (IPR) has been developed and integrated into XENTRY Diagnosis. This ensures an automated diagnosis process. Cause As part of
  • LI42.10-P-063502 Service bulletin
    2026-09-01 · Service Brakes
  • Complaint Noises/ squealing from the service brake in various driving situations and ambient conditions. Cause Frictional vibrations Remedy The intent of this document is to reduce noise from high performance AMG brakes. AMG brakes are designed for performance under high load and in certain scenarios, can emit noise. Some scenarios are normal and some are induced by driving style like those listed
  • LI54.70-P-080191 Service bulletin
    2026-08-26 · Forward Collision Avoidance — Warnings
  • Complaint Consistently reproducible erroneous parktronic warnings from front with every key cycle. Cause The parking sensors are detecting the front brush guard. Remedy Complaint must be consistently reproducible and can occur multiple times a key cycle without obvious cause. NOTE: The parking system serves solely as an aid. Please review both the system function and system limitations as shown in
  • 11036999 Warranty extension
    2026-08-15 · Fuel/Propulsion System
  • Dear Mercedes-Benz Owner: In our continuing efforts to ensure the proper performance of Mercedes-Benz products and to enhance the satisfaction of our customers, Mercedes-Benz USA is extending the warranty coverage for the Diagnostic Module for Tank Leakage Detection ("DMTL") on your vehicle from the original New Vehicle Limited Warranty of 4 years / 50,000 miles to 15 years/150,000 miles (whicheve

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class failed the emissions check on 2.8% of first inspections — higher than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.92% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%).

New York inspections 2.8%

failed emissions

327 initial inspections of 319 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2023 G-ClassEvery 2023 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check2.8%1.6%326
Failed the safety inspection0.92%1.1%327
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0%0.16%327
Miles driven a year6,44410,038odometer at inspection
Average odometer21,07632,673odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2023 vehicle” is every 2023 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2023 G-Class

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 5 recall campaigns for the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class, 1 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 23V851000, covering Power Train. There is an active do not drive advisory — act on it before driving. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class?

NHTSA has not published a crash-test rating for the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class yet. On the recall record WhichTrim grades it D (63/100), which measures open and severe recalls rather than crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class?

Across the 3 EPA-rated configurations of the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class, the best EPA combined figure is 14 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class?

Transport Canada measured it at 181.9 in long, 76.0–78.0 in wide (body, without mirrors), 77.6 in tall, on a 113.8 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 5,478–5,820 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class?

Owners have filed 6 complaints with NHTSA about the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class, most often about fuel/propulsion system, unspecified, engine. Of those, 1 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class?

The EPA smog rating for the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class is 3 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III ULEV125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class?

The manufacturer has filed 232 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class, most often covering electrical system, power train, engine. The most recent is dated 2026-09-26. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Mercedes-Benz G-Class failed the emissions check on 2.8% of first inspections — higher than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.92% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations3 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates3 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls5NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints6NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratingsnoneNHTSA NCAPNHTSA has not tested this model year. Cars are selected for testing, so untested is not unsafe.
Service bulletins232NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
InvestigationsnoneNHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationNo defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA10 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

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