2023 Kia Sportage
The 2023 Kia Sportage is sold in the U.S. as a plug-in hybrid, hybrid and gas compact SUV with 5 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Sportage Hybrid FWD, is EPA-rated at 43 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 7 recall campaigns for this model year, 1 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 309 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall. Manufacturer pricing runs from $26,290 to $43,190 across 17 trims.

| Trim | Powertrain | Drive | MSRP | HP | Torque | MPG comb | Cargo (2nd row) | Wheels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LX | Gas | FWD | $26,290 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 28 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 17 in |
| LX | Gas | AWD | $28,090 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 25 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 17 in |
| EX | Gas | FWD | $28,290 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 28 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 18 in |
| EX | Gas | AWD | $30,090 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 25 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 18 in |
| SX | Gas | FWD | $31,790 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 28 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 18 in |
| SX | Gas | AWD | $33,590 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 25 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 18 in |
| SX Prestige | Gas | FWD | $33,790 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 28 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 19 in |
| SX Prestige | Gas | AWD | $35,590 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 25 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 19 in |
| X-Line | Gas | AWD | $31,090 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 25 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 19 in |
| X-Pro | Gas | AWD | $35,290 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 25 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 17 in |
| X-Pro Prestige | Gas | AWD | $37,090 | 187 hp | 178 lb-ft | 25 mpg | 36.6 cu-ft | 17 in |
| HEV LX | Hybrid | FWD | $27,490 | 177 hp | 195 lb-ft | 43 mpg | — | 17 in |
| HEV LX | Hybrid | AWD | $29,290 | 177 hp | 195 lb-ft | 43 mpg | — | 17 in |
| HEV EX | Hybrid | AWD | $31,190 | 177 hp | 195 lb-ft | 38 mpg | — | 18 in |
| HEV SX-Prestige | Hybrid | AWD | $36,390 | 177 hp | 195 lb-ft | 38 mpg | — | 18 in |
| PHEV X-Line | Plug-in hybrid | AWD | $38,690 | 177 hp | 195 lb-ft | 35 mpg | — | 19 in |
| PHEV X-Line Prestige | Plug-in hybrid | AWD | $43,190 | 177 hp | 195 lb-ft | 35 mpg | — | 19 in |
MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sportage Plug-in Hybrid | Plug-in hybrid | AWD | 1.6L 4-cyl turbo + 67 kW AC IPMSM | 36 | 35 | 35 (55 MPGe blended) | 34 mi electric | 40 | 2 h | $1,900 |
| Sportage Hybrid FWD | Hybrid | FWD | 1.6L 4-cyl turbo + 270V Li-Ion | 42 | 44 | 43 | — | — | — | $1,550 |
| Sportage Hybrid AWD | Hybrid | AWD | 1.6L 4-cyl turbo + 270V Li-Ion | 38 | 38 | 38 | — | — | — | $1,750 |
| Sportage FWD | Gas | FWD | 2.5L 4-cyl | 25 | 32 | 28 | — | — | — | $2,400 |
| Sportage AWD | Gas | AWD | 2.5L 4-cyl | 23 | 28 | 25 | — | — | — | $2,700 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 47223, 45208, 45207, 45101, 45102.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sportage Hybrid AWD, Sportage Hybrid FWD, Sportage Plug-in Hybrid | 7 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay |
| Sportage AWD, Sportage FWD | 5 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2023 Kia Sportage is in the years where high-voltage electronics and module repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (7)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseStructure
SC292Power Train
SC275Service Brakes, Hydraulic
SC272Electrical System
SC270Air Bags
SC257Electrical System
SC248These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
Whether any of this applies to one specific Sportage
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2023 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Kia publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2023 Kia Sportage, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2023 Kia Sportage
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Sportage →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database28 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 18 injuries · 0 deaths reported
14 per 10,000 built · Kia reported 224,337 Sportage built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2022: 17 · 2023: 90 · 2024: 70 · 2025: 67 · 2026: 65
Most-cited components
In depth: electrical problems → · engine problems →
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
1. Hybrid system failure And check engine light on . 2. Car jerk while driving and gone to limp mode and my speed was reduced to 10 mph at traffic putting my self and other in danger . 3.
PHEV vehicle: charging interrupted in the middle of the night. When attempting to reconnect the charger, a "Charging unsuccessful" message was given. A warning with "Check Hybrid System" appeared, as well as the check engine light. I cannot charge the car anymore and had to leave it at the dealership
The contact owns a 2023 Kia Sportage. The contact stated that while coming to a complete stop, the vehicle shifted into neutral and failed to properly shift into gear. The check engine warning light was illuminated.
When engaging the cruise control using the steering wheel button, the speed will set itself at 110 miles an hour, and the vehicle will in fact attempt to reach that speed and accelerate.
At approximately 5:05pm today (6/4) as I was leaving a parking lot, I was reversing into the parking lot. The van directly opposite me also had their reverse lights on but was not moving. It was one of those whos-going-to-go-first situations.
The contact owns a 2023 Kia Sportage. The contact stated that while driving at approximately 74–78 MPH on flat land with a top box loaded to the specified weight on the manufacturer's roof racks, there was an abnormally loud popping sound detected, and the front panel of the sunroof exploded without warning or impact.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Kia itself: 24 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 1 killed, 28 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 11 per 100,000 built. Every Sportage model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 39 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 8,000 and 47,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Median mileage by component
| Component | Reports | Median miles | Vs same age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Engine | 12 | 47,000 | 1.42× |
Vs same age is this model year’s median for the system divided by the median of every 2023-model-year complaint about the same system, all makes: under 1× means owners of this car reported it at lower mileage. Which systems go early across the whole fleet: the component study.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 17% |
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 17% |
| SUV FWD | not rated | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | not rated | — |
| SUV FWD | not rated | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | not rated | — |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Driver-assist crash reports (2)
Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-011 no injury reported · 1 severity unknown
Oct 2023 to Apr 2024 · 1 with an air bag deployment · 2 towed
What was engaged, and what was hit
System named: SMART CRUISE CONTROL & LANE FOLLOWING ASSIST (1)
Crash partner: Other 1 · Passenger Car 1
Filed by: Kia America, Inc.
| Incident | System | Struck | Injury alleged | State | Speed | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 2024 | Level 2 · SMART CRUISE CONTROL & LANE FOLLOWING ASSIST | Passenger Car | unknown | MI | 55 mph | 753-7780 |
| Oct 2023 | Level 2 | Other | no injury reported | MD | 25 mph | 753-6415 |
From the manufacturer’s own filing
The reporting entity’s narrative as NHTSA published it, with anything identifying removed and nothing added. A narrative is a notice, written before the entity had verified what happened.
*10/6/23: 5-Day Incident Report* Customer contacted Kia's Customer Care Center on October 3, 2023 indicating she "hit the vehicle in front of her "while driving her 2023 Kia Sportage and that the by the time she realized it, the vehicle did not stop and was not able to apply the brakes quick enough.
A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications- 7 years or 90,000 miles, whichever comes first · Kia warranty extension WTY047CAMPAIGN: REAR SHOCK ABSORBER INSPECTION & REPLACEMENT (WTY047) - This bulletin provides information associated with the ‘Warranty Extension Program’ (WTY047) to inspect, and if necessary, replace…
The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every Kia warranty extension (28) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →
Most often about: Electrical System, Engine, Fuel/Propulsion System, Power Train, Suspension.
- WTY047_TSB Service bulletin2026-09-25 · Suspension
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: WARRANTY EXTENSION CAMPAIGN: REAR SHOCK ABSORBER INSPECTION & REPLACEMENT (WTY047) - This bulletin provides information associated with the ‘Warranty Extension Program’ (WTY047) to inspect, and if necessary, replace one or both left and right rear shock absorber assemblies on certain 2023-2025MY Sportage (NQ5), Sportage Hybrid (NQ5 HEV), and Sportage Plug-in Hybrid (NQ5
- TSB_CLI049_R2 Service bulletin2026-08-28 · Electrical System
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: PARTIAL REPAIR – ELECTRICAL A/C COMPRESSOR - This bulletin has been revised to include additional information. New/revised sections of this bulletin are indicated by a black bar in the margin area. This bulletin provides information regarding the partial repair of the Air Conditioning (A/C) compressor assembly on some 2011MY~ Optima Hybrid (TF HEV, JF HEV/PHEV), 2015MY~
- TSB_ELE426 Service bulletin2026-08-19 · Electrical System
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: AVN GEN 5.0 WIDE SOFTWARE UPDATE - This bulletin provides information on the Audio Video Navigation (AVN) system software update for certain vehicles equipped with AVN5W and Navigation System listed in the table below. Affected vehicles may overestimate travel times during route calculation.
- TSB_ELE416 Service bulletin2026-07-02 · Fuel/Propulsion System
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: ON-BOARD CHARGER INSPECTION AND REPLACMENT (SA644) - This bulletin provides information related to charging system diagnosis and repair on certain Sportage (NQ5 PHEV) vehicles produced from December 13, 2022 through May 30, 2023. The affected vehicles may experience interrupted or inoperative high‑voltage battery charging due to an on‑board charger (OBC) internal malfu
- TSB_BOD336 Service bulletin2026-06-04 · Structure — Body
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: KEY AND CYLINDER SET REPLACEMENT - This bulletin provides information to replace the driver’s door lock and trunk lid key cylinders on some 2019-2024MY Kia vehicles listed below. On affected vehicles, the stored key code may not correspond to the mechanical key profile, which can result in incorrect key cutting when the original key is lost or damaged.
- TSB_ELE422 Service bulletin2026-05-28 · Electrical System
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: INFOTAINMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE UPDATE USING UPDATE. KIA. COM - This bulletin provides information and service procedures for updating the infotainment systems on applicable Kia vehicles using the Kia Navigation Updater available at update.kia.com. The software update may improve system performance, enhance existing features, and apply the latest operating software for sup
- TSB_CHA126_R2 Service bulletin2026-05-06 · Service Brakes
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: FRONT BRAKE DISC REPLACEMENT & BURNISHING - This bulletin has been revised to include additional information. New/revised sections of this bulletin are indicated by a black bar in the margin area. This bulletin provides the procedure to replace the front brake discs on certain 2021-2024MY Sorento (MQ4a) vehicles produced from July 26, 2021 through March 28, 2024 and 202
- TSB_ELE417 Service bulletin2026-04-14 · Electrical System
- TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN: INFOTAINMENT SOFTWARE UPDATE PROCEDURE - This bulletin provides information on the process for downloading infotainment software updates and preparing USB for installation on applicable Kia vehicles. The software downloads and USB preparation process is similar across all supported platforms; however, in‑vehicle installation procedures vary by head unit type.
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| P1BB2 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Fuel/Propulsion System · Fuel pump → | 5 bulletins |
| P0880 | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 2 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Kia Sportage failed the emissions check on 0.62% of first inspections — lower than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.6% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%).
failed emissions
9,219 initial inspections of 9,069 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2023 Sportage | Every 2023 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 0.62% | 1.6% | 9,186 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 1.6% | 1.1% | 9,219 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.16% | 0.16% | 9,219 |
| Miles driven a year | 12,039 | 10,038 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 39,421 | 32,673 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2023 vehicle” is every 2023 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Common questions about the 2023 Sportage
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsHow much does the 2023 Kia Sportage cost?
Manufacturer pricing runs from $26,290 for the LX FWD to $43,190 for the PHEV X-Line Prestige AWD, across 17 trims. Those are MSRPs from the manufacturer's own press material; they exclude destination, options, taxes and whatever the dealer adds. Every trim and price is listed above.
Does the 2023 Kia Sportage have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 7 recall campaigns for the 2023 Kia Sportage, 1 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 23V531000, covering Power Train. There is an active park outside advisory — act on it before driving. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2023 Kia Sportage?
NHTSA gave the 2023 Kia Sportage 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it F (58/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2023 Kia Sportage?
Across the 5 EPA-rated configurations of the 2023 Kia Sportage, the best EPA combined figure is 43 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions). Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What do owners complain about on the 2023 Kia Sportage?
Owners have filed 309 complaints with NHTSA about the 2023 Kia Sportage, most often about electrical system, engine, unspecified. Of those, 28 involved a crash, 1 a fire, 18 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2023 Kia Sportage?
The EPA smog rating for the 2023 Kia Sportage runs 5 to 7 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2023 Kia Sportage?
The manufacturer has filed 190 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2023 Kia Sportage, most often covering electrical system, engine, fuel/propulsion system. The most recent is dated 2026-09-25. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2023 Kia Sportage do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Kia Sportage failed the emissions check on 0.62% of first inspections — lower than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.6% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
Which 2023 Kia Sportage trim is the best value?
$16,900 separates the cheapest of the 17 trims from the most expensive, so the answer depends on which of the differences you would actually use. Every trim has its own page here with the manufacturer's full specification and equipment list, plus a short summary of exactly what it adds over the base trim — worth reading before a dealer frames the walk-up for you. The trim-by-trim ladder shows what every step up costs and what it makes standard.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 5 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 5 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 7 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 309 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 4 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 190 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | none | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | No defect investigation has been opened. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | 2 | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | none | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | We had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | 17 trims | Manufacturer press kit | Transcribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.