2025 Jeep Wagoneer
The 2025 Jeep Wagoneer is sold in the U.S. as an electric and gas large SUV with 6 EPA-rated configurations. Its longest-range version, the Wagoneer S AWD (Falken tire), is EPA-rated at 294 miles with 93 MPGe combined efficiency. NHTSA lists 9 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 63 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wagoneer S AWD (Falken tire) | Electric | AWD | 250 kW DCPM | 100 | 85 | 93 MPGe | 294 mi | 36.2 | 9.9 h | $800 |
| Wagoneer S AWD (Pirelli tire) | Electric | AWD | 250 kW DCPM | 90 | 76 | 83 MPGe | 262 mi | 41 | 9.9 h | $900 |
| Wagoneer 2WD | Gas | RWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 17 | 24 | 20 | — | — | — | $3,350 |
| Wagoneer L 2WD | Gas | RWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 17 | 24 | 20 | — | — | — | $3,350 |
| Wagoneer 4WD | Gas | AWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 16 | 23 | 19 | — | — | — | $3,550 |
| Wagoneer L 4WD | Gas | AWD | 3.0L 6-cyl turbo | 16 | 23 | 19 | — | — | — | $3,550 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 49093, 49151, 48549, 48550, 48561, 48562.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wagoneer S AWD (Falken tire) | 10 / 10 | California ZEV / Federal Tier 3 Bin 0 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay Elite |
| Wagoneer 2WD, Wagoneer 4WD | 6 / 10 | California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Wagoneer L 2WD, Wagoneer L 4WD | 6 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] |
| Doors | 4 |
| GVWR class | Class 2F: 7,001 - 8,000 lb (3,175 - 3,629 kg) |
Engine Basics
| Cylinders | 6 |
| Displacement | 3 L |
| Engine configuration | In-Line |
Engine Output
| Horsepower | 420 hp |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | 4WD/4-Wheel Drive/4x4 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking, Rear cross-traffic alert
Optional: Adaptive cruise control, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Parking assist
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: Base, Launch Edition, Limited, Series II). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 192.5–226.8 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 74.8–83.5 in |
| Height | 65.0–75.6 in |
| Wheelbase | 113.0–129.9 in |
| Track, front | 64.6–68.5 in |
| Track, rear | 64.6–68.5 in |
| Curb weight | 5,668–6,296 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 51/49 to 52/48 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 5 configurations: 4-door SUV 2WD, 4-door SUV 4WD, L 4-door SUV 2WD, L 4-door SUV 4WD, S Bev 4-door SUV. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
The cheapest ownership win
Insurers price the 2025 Wagoneer very differently, and the gap between the best and worst quote on the same car and driver is usually larger than any option you are weighing on this page.
How to compare cover →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (9)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseTires
54DElectrical System
39DStructure
26DElectrical System
03DStructure
77CStructure
71CPower Train
63CExterior Lighting
23CThese are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
Whether any of this applies to one specific Wagoneer
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2025 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Jeep publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Wagoneer →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database1 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 0 injuries · 0 deaths reported
14 per 10,000 built · Jeep reported 44,329 Wagoneer built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2025: 24 · 2026: 39
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
While waiting at a drive thru, the brakes did not respond when pressed and the car kept moving forward. The emergency braking system also did not respond. The car was placed into park and the car still did not stop. This resulted in hitting the car in front of us in line
For the past year I have been dealing with multiple vehicle failures with our 2025 Jeep Wagoneer. I have worked with my dealer a dozen times. Adnt he vehicle has been under service for roughly 13 weeks. Each time the dealership tells me the issue was a software update or they were not able to "recreate the issue".
The contact owns a 2025 Jeep Wagoneer equipped with Nexen Tires, Tire Line: Roadian HTXRH5, Tire Size: 275/55/R20, DOT Number: 18E97. The contact stated that while inspecting the vehicle, all four tires indicated that there was tread separation. The cause of the failures were not yet determined.
Car has stalled out on road multiple times. In shop one day for software update. In shop two days for fuel pump replacement. Has been in shop 13 days and counting with no diagnoses currently. First stall out occurred at 55 mph
Purchased vehicle new in June 2025, July 2026 it prematurely wore the outside of both passenger tires to the point the chords were showing with 25,000 miles on original factory tires. Dealership replaced tires and said they found nothing wrong with alignment.
This happened twice but the second time could've caused a serious accident. I was turning left through an intersection and the vehicle on the opposite side of the road was turning left (we were going opposite directions) When the other vehicle got "close" to me (not close enough to crash) my collision assistance/automatic emergency…
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Jeep itself: 9 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 9 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 20 per 100,000 built. Every Wagoneer model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUV 4WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ | 21% |
| SUV 4WD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ | 21% |
| SUV RWD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ | 23% |
| SUV RWD | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ | 23% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications- Term not in NHTSA’s summary · Stellantis warranty extension 104558FCA Caribbean Warranty Newsletter – Volume 11, Issue 4
- Term not in NHTSA’s summary · Stellantis warranty extension 104557Warranty Newsletter – Volume 11, Issue 4
- Term not in NHTSA’s summary · Stellantis warranty extension 101553Warranty Bulletin D-24-19 Fast Feedback Program – Electrified Components, Driveline Components and Transmission Components – 2025 Jeep Wagoneer BEV (KM) and 2025 Dodge Charger BEV (LB)
The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every Stellantis warranty extension (117) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →
Most often about: Electrical System, Structure, Unknown Or Other, Engine, Power Train.
- S2508000037 REV. A Service bulletin2026-10-16 · Electrical System
- No Start, Passive Entry Inoperative
- 9100944 Service bulletin2026-10-15 · Electrical System
- FUSE BLOCK RR - PWR DISTRIBUTI A/C Blowing hot air or not working. A/C relay clutch not operating, dealers are unnecessary replacing PDCs. Battery disconnection is required to reset PCM. Please follow SOL S2624000004.
- 9100943 Service bulletin2026-10-15 · Electrical System
- FUSE BLOCK UNDERHOOD - PWR DIS A/C Blowing hot air or not working. A/C relay clutch not operating, dealers are unnecessary replacing PDCs. Battery disconnection is required to reset PCM. Please follow SOL S2624000004.
- S2614000003 Service bulletin2026-10-14 · Fuel/Propulsion System
- Vibration, Rattle Noise
- 08-375-26 Service bulletin2026-10-14 · Electrical System
- Tow Nav Menu Option Unavailable - UBQ/UBW Customers may comment on the following: SYMPTOM: ● Tow Nav menu option is grayed out and cannot be selected.
- 9100929 Service bulletin2026-10-12 · Structure — Body
- Before submitting a claim for clogged drain tubes, please follow the approved service procedure. Clean the sunroof tracks and inspect the drain system for any debris. If debris is found obstructing the drain tube, use compressed air to clear the drain nozzle, as outlined in the service procedure. Ensure all service procedure steps and instructions are followed before raising a claim.
- 18-083-26 Service bulletin2026-10-10 · Engine
- Flash: Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Updates Customers must experience a Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) illumination and the vehicle must SYMPTOM: exhibit/set one or more of the following Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs): ● **P2237-00 - O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit/Open Bank 1 Sensor 1. ● P2240-00 - O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit/Open Bank 2 Sensor 1. ● P2251-00 - O2 S
- 18-082-26 Service bulletin2026-10-10 · Engine
- Flash: Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Updates Customers must experience a Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) illumination and the vehicle must SYMPTOM: exhibit/set one or more of the following Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs): ● **P2237-00 - O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit/Open Bank 1 Sensor 1. ● P2240-00 - O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit/Open Bank 2 Sensor 1. ● P2251-00 - O2 S
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1E21 B1E21 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 8 bulletins |
| U0101 U0101 on Jeep → | A module has stopped hearing from the transmission control module. | Power Train | 6 bulletins |
| U0402 U0402 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 6 bulletins |
| B1560 B1560 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 5 bulletins |
| B1561 B1561 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 5 bulletins |
| B1562 B1562 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 5 bulletins |
| P1CEA P1CEA on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 5 bulletins |
| P2AF6 P2AF6 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 5 bulletins |
| P026E | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 4 bulletins |
| U0080 U0080 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 4 bulletins |
| P1DAF | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 3 bulletins |
| B22A9 B22A9 on Jeep → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 2 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer failed the safety inspection on 0.24% of first inspections — lower than the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected.
failed the safety inspection
1,226 initial inspections of 1,218 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2025 Wagoneer | Every 2025 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the safety inspection | 0.24% | 0.36% | 1,226 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.08% | 0.16% | 1,226 |
| Miles driven a year | 7,714 | 8,354 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 11,285 | 12,194 | odometer at inspection |
Electric vehicles get no emissions test in New York, so the safety inspection is the record here. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2025 vehicle” is every 2025 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Compare the 2025 Wagoneer with
Any vehicle, your weights →| Head-to-head | Verdict | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 Toyota Highlander · Large SUV · grade C | Wagoneer +19.8 | |
| 2025 Kia Telluride · Large SUV · grade C | Wagoneer +27.6 | |
| 2025 Ford Explorer · Large SUV · grade F | Wagoneer +32.8 | |
| 2025 Honda Pilot · Large SUV · grade C | Wagoneer +30 |
Wagoneer by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2025 Wagoneer
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 9 recall campaigns for the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer. The most serious on file is 26V584000, covering Structure. 1 of them was filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer?
NHTSA gave the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 3-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it D (61/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer?
Across the 6 EPA-rated configurations of the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer, the best EPA combined figure is 20 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions) and the longest EPA range is 294 miles on a charge. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer?
Transport Canada measured it at 192.5–226.8 in long, 74.8–83.5 in wide (body, without mirrors), 65.0–75.6 in tall, on a 113.0–129.9 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 5,668–6,296 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer?
Owners have filed 63 complaints with NHTSA about the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer, most often about electrical system, service brakes, forward collision avoidance. Of those, 1 involved a crash. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer?
The EPA smog rating for the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer runs 6 to 10 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California ZEV, Federal Tier 3 Bin 0, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer?
The manufacturer has filed 566 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer, most often covering electrical system, structure, unknown or other. The most recent is dated 2026-10-16. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer failed the safety inspection on 0.24% of first inspections — lower than the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected. The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
Is the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer better than the 2025 Toyota Highlander?
The Jeep Wagoneer wins clearly, 83.4 to 63.6, on fuel & range, performance. The Toyota Highlander is ahead on safety. We publish a full side-by-side of the 2025 Jeep Wagoneer against the 2025 Toyota Highlander — specifications by family, equipment feature by feature, safety record and ownership costs. You can re-weight what matters to you and the verdict recalculates.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 6 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 5 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 9 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 63 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 4 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 566 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | none | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | No defect investigation has been opened. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 9 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.