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Your vehicleHome›Honda›Passport› 2023
Honda · Compact SUV

2023 Honda Passport

Gas
Small Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD
1 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
F
Safety Signal
58 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
Counts recalls, not crash safety — this vehicle earned 5 of 5 stars from NHTSA. A much-recalled best-seller scores low here; see the methodology.
Recalls2 critical 5
Complaints3 crash · 7 injured reported 40
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 5★
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 21 mpg
20262025202420232022202120202019

The 2023 Honda Passport is sold in the U.S. as a gas compact SUV. The most efficient version, the Passport AWD, is EPA-rated at 21 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 5 recall campaigns for this model year, 2 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 40 complaints, most often about the forward collision avoidance. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

Honda Passport — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Honda Passport · Photo: MercurySable99 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Trims & pricing

Source: manufacturer press kitCompare a trim →
TrimPowertrainDriveMSRPHPTorqueMPG combCargo (2nd row)Wheels
EX-LGasAWD—280 hp262 lb-ft21 mpg41.2 cu-ft20 in
TrailSportGasAWD—280 hp262 lb-ft21 mpg41.2 cu-ft18 in
EliteGasAWD—280 hp262 lb-ft21 mpg41.2 cu-ft20 in

MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
Passport AWDGasAWD3.5L 6-cyl192421$3,200

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 45978.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
Passport AWD3 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 / California LEV-III ULEV125All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Also on file Beside the 2023 Passport
Other years The 2025 Passport Lineup The 2023 lineup Recalls Honda recalls
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Factory warranty running out?

The 2023 Honda Passport is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

Recalls (5)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Structure

AOU, AOT
965,561 vehicles
Problem American Honda Motor Company (Honda) is recalling certain 2016-2022 Honda Pilot, 2017-2023 Ridgeline, 2019-2023 Passport, and 2014-2020 Acura MDX vehicles that were sold in Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, or Wisconsin. The rear subframe may corrode at the suspension mounting points, which can result in rear suspension component failure. Risk Failure of rear suspension components, such as the rear control arm, can cause a loss of vehicle handling and control, increasing the risk of a crash or injury. Fix Dealers will inspect the rear subframe and install a rear subframe reinforcement kit and, as necessary, repair or replace the rear subframe components, free of charge. Interim letters notifying owners of the safety risk were mailed July 27, 2026. Additional letters will be sent once the final remedy is available, anticipated in the fall of 2026. Owners may contact Honda's customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's numbers for this recall are AOU and AOT. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) in
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFInterim owner letter PDFDealer notice PDF
NHTSA campaign 26V365000 reported Jun 4, 2026 Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Fuel System, Gasoline

OKM
205,760 vehicles 95% reported repaired built Feb 15, 2023 – May 13, 2024
Problem Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2023-2024 Passport and 2023-2025 Pilot vehicles. The fuel filler neck tube and fuel filler pipe may separate, allowing fuel to leak. Risk A fuel leak in the presence of an ignition source increases the risk of a fire. Fix Dealers will inspect and repair the fuel filler neck tube and pipe as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 7, 2025. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's number for this recall is OKM.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDFOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 24V900000 reported Nov 27, 2024 Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Steering

LHY
245 vehicles 96% reported repaired
Problem Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2023 Passport and Ridgeline vehicles. The inner ball joint housing in the steering gearbox assembly may loosen and detach from the steering rack and result in a loss of steering control. Risk A loss of steering control increases the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the steering gearbox as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed April 11, 2024. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's number for this recall is LHY.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 24V184000 reported Mar 7, 2024 Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
!critical

Service Brakes, Hydraulic

VEU, AEV, ZET
124,077 vehicles 88% reported repaired
Problem Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2020-2021 Civic, 2020-2023 Ridgeline, 2021-2023 Passport, 2021-2022 Pilot, and 2020 Acura MDX vehicles. The tie rod fastener that connects the brake booster and the brake master cylinder may have been improperly assembled during manufacturing, which can cause the brake master cylinder to separate from the booster assembly. Risk Brake master cylinder separation can cause a loss of brake function and increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and repair the brake booster assembly as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed August 7, 2023. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's numbers for this recall are VEU, AEV, and ZET.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V458000 reported Jun 29, 2023 Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
●moderate

Back Over Prevention

EEL, ZEM, SFC
1,209,673 vehicles 90% reported repaired
Problem Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2018-2023 Odyssey, 2019-2022 Pilot, and 2019-2023 Passport vehicles. Due to a faulty Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) communication coaxial cable connector, the rearview camera image may not appear on the display. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility." Risk A rearview camera that does not display an image can reduce the driver's rear view, increasing the risk of a crash or injury. Fix Dealers will replace the MOST cable harness and install a straightening cover over the vehicle cable connector, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 24, 2023. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's numbers for this recall are EEL, ZEM, and SFC.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDFRemedy instructions PDF
NHTSA campaign 23V431000 reported Jun 15, 2023 Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

NHTSA defect investigations

Engine And Engine Cooling:Engine — No Restart After Auto Start/Stop Engages open

On June 3, 2022, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE22005 after the agency received VOQs and several field reports concerning the Auto Idle Stop (AIS) feature on 2016-2019MY Honda Pilot vehicles. The complaints allege that the engine fails to restart on its own from a complete stop at a traffic light or road intersection with the AIS function engaged. The subject vehicles are equipped with a 3.5L engine with a 9-speed automatic transmission. On January 6, 2023, Honda released service bulletins 23-008 and 23-009. These service bulletins address the failure to restart issue in the 2016-2019MY Honda Pilot vehicles, as well as the 2015-2020 Acura TLX, 2016-2020

Opened Mar 26, 2025 · action EA25004 · the investigation’s page →

Forward Collision Avoidance: Automatic Emergency Braking — Inadvertent Automatic Emergency Braking open

On March 7, 2024, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened a Preliminary Evaluation (PE24008) to assess reports of inadvertent activation of the Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system in model year 2019-2022 Honda Insight and 2019-2022 Honda Passport vehicles. The complainants allege activation of the AEB system with no apparent obstruction in the vehicle's path, resulting in rapid vehicle deceleration. Honda indicated that it is aware of a total of 412 reports that may relate to the alleged defect. Honda provided analysis of the alleged defect and stated that some customers possibly had an inadequate understanding of the AEB system and its limitations. However, many consumer compl

Opened Jan 17, 2025 · action EA25002 · the investigation’s page →

Whether any of this applies to one specific Passport

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2023 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Honda publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

NHTSA VIN check →Honda’s own VIN lookup →

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2023 Honda Passport, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2023 Honda Passport

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this Passport →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
40complaints filed

3 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 7 injuries · 0 deaths reported

9.0 per 10,000 built · Honda reported 44,413 Passport built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2023: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2026: 18

Most-cited components

Forward Collision Avoidance 15
Service Brakes 11
Unspecified 9
Lane Departure 6
Electrical System 5
Power Train 5

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

The contact owns a 2023 Honda Passport. The contact stated that while driving at various speeds, the Collision Mitigation Braking System (CMBS) engaged while there were no vehicles or objects nearby.
Forward Collision Avoidance Mar 2, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11721424
The push button gearshifting. I have accidentally hit reverse about 100 times since I’ve owned this car in six months. It ended up in a rear end collision with a parked car. Then when I tried to drive forward, I backed up again.
Lane Departure Jan 26, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11713498
While driving at highway speeds, I experienced multiple loud, intermittent double-knocking noises within a short period of time, followed by an additional grinding/rotational noise at low speeds. These noises were abnormal and raised immediate safety concerns, prompting me to bring the vehicle to a dealer that day.
Service Brakes Jan 7, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11709507
my 2023 Honda passport is having shifting problems (high revs, slow nd unpredictable power to wheels) harsh acceleration (not easy to safely /smoothly gauge power and speed from acceleration to wheel) high revs "stuck" --not shifting down smoothly/safely These issues are on going.
Vehicle Speed Control Oct 16, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11693792
When I'm driving my 2023 honda passport my steering wheel vibrates/shakes feels almost like the wheel is gonna come off. When I turn my steering wheel left or right driving or parked I hear a loud knock noise coming from under the front of my car. I have had multiple things checked and looked at and brand new tires and no matter what.
Steering Sep 16, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11687576
On 11 Apr 2025, I was driving my 2023 Honda Passport at night on a toll road in clear weather when my infant son began screaming in distress. I pulled over onto the shoulder, partially onto a dirt area with bushes for more space. I pressed the “Park” button, unbuckled my seatbelt, and opened the driver door to step out.
Electrical System Apr 15, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11654865

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Honda itself: 20 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 23 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 45 per 100,000 built. Every Passport model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
SUV AWD★★★★★★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆16%
SUV FWD★★★★★★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆18%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 77
Most recentmanufacturer date 2025-11-07
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 46 service bulletins, 31 others

Most often about: Electrical System, Visibility/Wiper, Structure, Latches/Locks/Linkages, Service Brakes.

  • A24-061 Service bulletin
    2025-11-07 · Electrical System
  • Service Bulletin - The wireless charger starts charging the phone and then stops charging, even when the phone remains in the correct position on the charger due to software specifications that can cause some phones to have issues charging.
  • 2025-10-10 · Service Brakes
  • Dealer Message - American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (AHM) is searching for certain 2023-2025 Odysseys, Passports, and Ridgelines with a customer complaint of the brake pedal sticking or slow to return. This may result in delayed acceleration, dragging noise, or all 3 brake lights staying on without any pedal engagement. The vehicle may also experience issues with activating cruise control. To better u
  • 2025-10-03 · Service Brakes
  • Dealer Message - American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (AHM) is searching for certain 2023-2025 Odysseys, Passports, and Ridgelines with a customer complaint of the brake pedal sticking or slow to return. This may result in delayed acceleration, dragging noise, or all 3 brake lights staying on without any pedal engagement. The vehicle may also experience issues with activating cruise control. To better u
  • 2025-09-19 · Service Brakes
  • Dealer Message - American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (AHM) is searching for certain 2023-2025 Odysseys, Passports, and Ridgelines with a customer complaint of the brake pedal sticking or slow to return. This may result in delayed acceleration, dragging noise, or brake lights staying on without any pedal engagement. The vehicle may also experience issues with activating cruise control. To better underst
  • 2025-09-05 · Service Brakes
  • Dealer Message - American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (AHM) is searching for certain 2023-2025 Odysseys, Passports, and Ridgelines with a customer complaint of the brake pedal sticking or slow to return. This may result in delayed acceleration, dragging noise, or brake lights staying on without any pedal engagement. The vehicle may also experience issues with activating cruise control. To better underst
  • 2025-08-22 · Service Brakes
  • Dealer Message - American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (AHM) is searching for certain 2023-2025 Odysseys, Passports, and Ridgelines with a customer complaint of the brake pedal sticking or slow to return. This may result in delayed acceleration, dragging noise, or brake lights staying on without any pedal engagement. The vehicle may also experience issues with activating cruise control. To better underst
  • 2025-08-22 · Visibility/Wiper
  • Dealer Message - American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (AHM) is searching for certain 2022-2025 Passport Blacks, TrailSports & 2019-2022 Pilots with a customer complaint of the taillight and/or brake light being inoperative. Vehicles may also have the A6 10A or C27 7.5A fuse blown. To better understand the cause of this condition, AHM would like to inspect the vehicle prior to you attempting a repair of
  • 2025-08-07 · Service Brakes
  • Dealer Message - American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (AHM) is searching for certain 2023-2025 Odysseys, Passports, and Ridgelines with a customer complaint of the brake pedal sticking or slow to return. This may result in delayed acceleration, dragging noise, or brake lights staying on without any pedal engagement. The vehicle may also experience issues with activating cruise control. To better underst

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Honda Passport failed the emissions check on 1.1% of first inspections — lower than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.67% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%).

New York inspections 1.1%

failed emissions

2,234 initial inspections of 2,198 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2023 PassportEvery 2023 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check1.1%1.6%2,232
Failed the safety inspection0.67%1.1%2,234
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.18%0.16%2,234
Miles driven a year9,92510,038odometer at inspection
Average odometer31,74732,673odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2023 vehicle” is every 2023 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Passport by model year

all years, side by side →
Year Safety Recalls Complaints
2026 A 1 69 21 mpg2025 A 0 48 21 mpg2024 A 1 20 21 mpg2023 this page F 5 40 21 mpg2022 C 4 63 22 mpg2021 F 7 145 22 mpg2020 D 10 104 22 mpg2019 F 10 282 22 mpg

Common questions about the 2023 Passport

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2023 Honda Passport have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 5 recall campaigns for the 2023 Honda Passport, 2 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 24V184000, covering Steering. 1 of them was filed with no repair available at the time — NHTSA's file records what the manufacturer had in hand on the filing date, not what exists today. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2023 Honda Passport?

NHTSA gave the 2023 Honda Passport 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it F (58/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2023 Honda Passport?

For the 2023 Honda Passport, the best EPA combined figure is 21 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What do owners complain about on the 2023 Honda Passport?

Owners have filed 40 complaints with NHTSA about the 2023 Honda Passport, most often about forward collision avoidance, service brakes, unspecified. Of those, 3 involved a crash, 7 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2023 Honda Passport?

The EPA smog rating for the 2023 Honda Passport is 3 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III ULEV125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2023 Honda Passport?

The manufacturer has filed 77 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2023 Honda Passport, most often covering electrical system, visibility/wiper, structure. The most recent is dated 2025-11-07. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2023 Honda Passport do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Honda Passport failed the emissions check on 1.1% of first inspections — lower than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.67% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations1 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates1 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls5NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints40NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings2 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins77NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
Investigations2NHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationOpen and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSAnoneNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWe had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable.
Trims, pricing & equipment3 trimsManufacturer press kitTranscribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Where to go next

pages beside this one
Other years The 2025 Passport The Passport model year with the cleanest record on file — grade A, 0 recalls.Lineup Every 2023 model on file, by price Each 2023 nameplate whose press kit we hold, ranked by the maker's announced starting MSRP — this one among them.Recalls Every Honda recall on file All campaigns filed against Honda vehicles, newest first, with the manufacturer's own number.Recall Watch Watch this Passport by VIN Give it the VIN and you hear the night a campaign is filed — from $29 a month for a lot, free for ten.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.

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