2022 Ford Mustang
The 2022 Ford Mustang is sold in the U.S. as a gas coupe with 16 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Mustang, is EPA-rated at 25 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 9 recall campaigns for this model year, 3 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 50 complaints, most often about the fuel/propulsion system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mustang | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 22 | 32 | 25 | $2,700 |
| Mustang | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 21 | 32 | 25 | $2,700 |
| Mustang | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 21 | 29 | 24 | $2,800 |
| Mustang Convertible | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 28 | 23 | $2,900 |
| Mustang Convertible | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 27 | 23 | $2,900 |
| Mustang Convertible | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 28 | 23 | $2,900 |
| Mustang HO Coupe | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 27 | 23 | $2,900 |
| Mustang HO Convertible | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 19 | 26 | 22 | $3,050 |
| Mustang HO Coupe | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 27 | 22 | $3,050 |
| Mustang HO Convertible | Gas | RWD | 2.3L 4-cyl turbo | 19 | 25 | 21 | $3,200 |
| Mustang | Gas | RWD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 15 | 24 | 19 | $3,550 |
| Mustang | Gas | RWD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 15 | 24 | 18 | $3,700 |
| Mustang Convertible | Gas | RWD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 15 | 23 | 18 | $3,700 |
| Mustang Mach 1 | Gas | RWD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 15 | 23 | 18 | $3,700 |
| Mustang Mach 1 | Gas | RWD | 5.0L 8-cyl | 14 | 22 | 17 | $3,950 |
| Shelby GT500 Mustang | Gas | RWD | 5.2L 8-cyl | 12 | 18 | 14 | $5,850 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 45044, 45047, 45045, 45054, 45055, 45056, 45048, 45057, 45046, 45053.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mustang, Mustang Convertible, Mustang HO Convertible, Mustang HO Coupe | 5 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Mustang, Mustang Convertible, Mustang Mach 1, Shelby GT500 Mustang | 3 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV125 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Gas-guzzler tax applies to Mustang Mach 1, Shelby GT500 Mustang — a federal excise the manufacturer pays and prices in.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Coupe |
| Doors | 2 |
| GVWR class | Class 1: 6,000 lb or less (2,722 kg or less) |
Engine Basics
| Cylinders | 8 |
| Displacement | 5 L |
| Engine configuration | V-Shaped |
Engine Output
| Horsepower | 450 hp |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Seating
| Seat rows | 2 |
| Seating capacity | 4 seats |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | RWD/Rear-Wheel Drive |
| Transmission | Manual/Standard |
| Transmission speeds | 6 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Adaptive cruise control, Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Lane keeping assist, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking, Rear cross-traffic alert
Optional: Parking assist
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: GT Convertible, GT Coupe, I4 Convertible, I4 Coupe). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 188.2–190.2 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 75.6–76.8 in |
| Height | 54.3–54.7 in |
| Wheelbase | 107.1 in |
| Track, front | 62.2–63.4 in |
| Track, rear | 63.8–65.0 in |
| Curb weight | 3,543–4,182 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 52/48 to 56/44 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 6 configurations: Ecoboost 2-door Convertible, Ecoboost 2-door Coupe, GT 2-door Convertible, GT 2-door Coupe, Mach 1 2-door Coupe, Shelby GT500 2-door Coupe. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2022 Ford Mustang is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (9)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseFuel System, Gasoline
25S75Back Over Prevention
25S72Steering
25S11Steering
24S44Electrical System
23C35Power Train
23S06Forward Collision Avoidance
22S34Air Bags
22S07These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
Whether any of this applies to one specific Mustang
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2022 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Ford publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2022 Ford Mustang, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2022 Ford Mustang
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Mustang →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database4 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 3 injuries · 0 deaths reported
11 per 10,000 built · Ford reported 44,899 Mustang built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2022: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2026: 14
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
Driving at normal speeds (45-65) the passenger door will open on its own. It does it several times during a drive within 30 minutes
Campaign 23E12 under hood liquid fuel jumper line. Gasoline smells inside vehicle and engine stalls to start after refueling. Check Engine light
The contact owns a 2022 Ford Mustang. The contact stated that after being stored in the brand-new garage with concrete flooring, the vehicle failed to start without warning. The vehicle was towed to the local dealer, where it was diagnosed that the soy-based wires had been damaged by rodents.
The contact owns a 2022 Ford Mustang. The contact stated while driving 70 MPH, the passenger’s side door opened unintendedly. The message for the passenger’s side door being ajar was displayed. The contact pulled over and closed the door. While driving on the interstate, the passenger’s side door opened unintendedly again.
The contact owns a 2022 Ford Mustang. The contact received notification of NHTSA Campaign Number: 24V493000 (Steering); however, the part to do the recall repair was not yet available. The local dealer was made aware of the issue and confirmed that parts were not yet available.
Failure to comply in a timely manner regarding NHTSA recall number23v727 summary on your vehicle, the brake system warning indicator may not illuminate if the brake fluid is depleted from the brake fluid reservoir.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Ford itself: 7 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 9 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 16 per 100,000 built. Every Mustang model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 13 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 3,000 and 45,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 DR RWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 9% |
| 2 DR RWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | 9% |
| C RWD | not rated | not rated | not rated | ★★★★★ | 8% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Unknown Or Other, Power Train, Electrical System, Equipment, Engine.
- TSB 26-2408 v2 Service bulletin2026-10-22 · Power Train
- This bulletin supersedes 26-2309. Reason for update: update the Model section to remove Aviator 10R80, update theParts list to add 3.3L to W520514-S440, and add L1MZ-7Z490-G valve body separator plate for Aviator
- TSB 26-2408 Service bulletin2026-09-22 · Power Train
- This bulletin supersedes 26-2309. Reason For Update: update the Model section to remove Aviator 10R80, update the Parts list to add 3.3L to W520514-S440, and add L1MZ-7Z490-G valve body separator plate for Aviator. Some of the vehicles listed in the Model statement above may exhibit at least one of the following conditions: * Harsh 3-4, 4-5 upshifts * Harsh 5-3, 4-3 downshifts * Harsh reverse enga
- 26E04 Emissions2026-07-09 · Unknown Or Other
- NEW VEHICLE DELIVERY HOLD - Emissions Recall 26E04 Certain 2021-2025 Model Year F-150, Maverick, Mustang, Ranger, Expedition, Bronco Sport, Explorer, Bronco, Navigator, and Aviator Vehicles Powertrain Control Module Software Update
- TSB 26-2309 Service bulletin2026-07-02 · Power Train
- This bulletin supersedes 26-2241. Reason For Update: update the parts list to correct the claim quantity of the part number JB3Z-4B496-B from 3 to 6. Some of the vehicles listed in the Model statement above may exhibit at least one of the following conditions: * Harsh 3-4, 4-5 upshifts * Harsh 5-3, 4-3 downshifts * Harsh reverse engagements These symptoms may be worse when cold. This may be due to
- TSB 26-2241 Service bulletin2026-05-18 · Power Train
- This bulletin supersedes 25-2587. Reason For Update: update the Parts list to add the F-clutch friction plates HL3Z-7B164-D and the F-clutch steel plates PR3Z-7B164-A for the proper vehicle lines, replace the transfer case mounting bolt part number from W714288-S438 to W714288-S437, update the part number W720688-S439 quantity from 2 to 1, update the part number ML3Z-7869-C claim quantity from 2 t
- TSB 26-2226 Service bulletin2026-05-08 · Power Train
- This bulletin supersedes 26-2046. Reason For Update: update the parts list to change the claim quantity of the C clutch friction plates (HL3Z-7B164-A), C clutch steel plates (HL3Z-7B442-F), D clutch steel plates (HL3Z-7B442-D), add the rear driveshaft flange CV joint-to-pinion flange cup bolts and retaining straps (LK4Z-4B496-B) for Transit, and update the parts description for the transfer case f
- SSM 54720 Service bulletin2026-04-02 · Electrical System
- Various 2020-2026 Ford and Lincoln vehicles equipped with blind spot information system (BLIS) may experience an inoperative blind spot monitoring with a "Blind Spot System Fault" message displayed in the instrument panel cluster (IPC). This may also be accompanied by diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) B118C:11 and/or B118C:15 stored in the driver door module (DDM), and/or B118D:11 and/or B118D:15 st
- SSM 54719 Service bulletin2026-04-02 · Power Train
- For 20212026 vehicles equipped with the 10R80 transmission, a new Transmission Clutch Circuit Leak Test has been introduced in the Ford Diagnosis and Repair System (FDRS). This test utilizes the pressure and vacuum transducer (PVT) when available. When referred to a specific clutch (A-F) test by a pinpoint test in Workshop Manual (WSM), Section 307-01 > Diagnosis and Testing, the Clutch Assembl
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| P0729 P0729 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0731 P0731 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0732 P0732 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0733 P0733 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0734 P0734 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0735 P0735 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0736 P0736 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0751 P0751 on Ford → | Shift solenoid A is not responding — stuck off. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0752 P0752 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0756 P0756 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0757 P0757 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
| P0761 P0761 on Ford → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Power Train | 12 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2022 Ford Mustang failed the emissions check on 3.5% of first inspections — higher than the 1.7% for every 2022 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.90% (every 2022 vehicle: 1.4%).
failed emissions
777 initial inspections of 767 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2022 Mustang | Every 2022 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 3.5% | 1.7% | 774 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 0.90% | 1.4% | 777 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.39% | 0.18% | 777 |
| Miles driven a year | 5,522 | 10,455 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 23,863 | 44,815 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2022 vehicle” is every 2022 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Mustang by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2022 Mustang
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2022 Ford Mustang have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 9 recall campaigns for the 2022 Ford Mustang, 3 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 25V096000, covering Steering. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2022 Ford Mustang?
NHTSA gave the 2022 Ford Mustang 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 5-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it F (44/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2022 Ford Mustang?
Across the 16 EPA-rated configurations of the 2022 Ford Mustang, the best EPA combined figure is 25 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2022 Ford Mustang?
Transport Canada measured it at 188.2–190.2 in long, 75.6–76.8 in wide (body, without mirrors), 54.3–54.7 in tall, on a 107.1 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 3,543–4,182 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2022 Ford Mustang?
Owners have filed 50 complaints with NHTSA about the 2022 Ford Mustang, most often about fuel/propulsion system, unspecified, electrical system. Of those, 4 involved a crash, 1 a fire, 3 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2022 Ford Mustang?
The EPA smog rating for the 2022 Ford Mustang runs 3 to 5 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III ULEV125, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2022 Ford Mustang?
The manufacturer has filed 125 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2022 Ford Mustang, most often covering unknown or other, power train, electrical system. The most recent is dated 2026-10-22. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2022 Ford Mustang do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2022 Ford Mustang failed the emissions check on 3.5% of first inspections — higher than the 1.7% for every 2022 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.90% (every 2022 vehicle: 1.4%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 16 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 16 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 9 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 50 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 3 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 125 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | none | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | No defect investigation has been opened. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 13 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.