2023 Volvo XC40
The 2023 Volvo XC40 is sold in the U.S. as an electric and hybrid compact SUV with 3 EPA-rated configurations. Its longest-range version, the XC40 Recharge twin, is EPA-rated at 223 miles with 85 MPGe combined efficiency. NHTSA lists 5 recall campaigns for this model year, 1 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 48 complaints, most often about the back over prevention. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

| Trim | Powertrain | Drive | MSRP | HP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recharge Twin | Electric | AWD | — | 408 hp |
| Recharge | Electric | FWD | — | 231 hp |
| T2 (129 hp) man | Gas | FWD | — | 129 hp |
| T2 (129 hp) aut | Gas | FWD | — | 129 hp |
| B3 (163 hp) aut | Gas | FWD | — | 163 hp |
| B4 (197 hp) aut | Gas | FWD | — | 197 hp |
| B4 AWD (197 hp) aut | Gas | AWD | — | 197 hp |
| B5 AWD (250 hp) aut | Gas | AWD | — | 250 hp |
| T4 TwEn (211 hp) aut | Plug-in hybrid | FWD | — | 129 hp |
| T5 TwEn (262 hp) aut | Plug-in hybrid | FWD | — | 180 hp |
MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Range | kWh/100mi | Charge (240V) | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XC40 Recharge twin | Electric | AWD | 150 and 150 kW ACPMSM | 92 | 79 | 85 MPGe | 223 mi | 39.4 | 8 h | $900 |
| XC40 B4 | Hybrid | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo + 46V Li-Ion | 24 | 32 | 27 | — | — | — | $3,050 |
| XC40 B5 AWD | Hybrid | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo + 46V Li-Ion | 23 | 30 | 26 | — | — | — | $3,150 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 45761, 45540, 45561.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XC40 Recharge twin | 10 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 0 / California ZEV | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | SmartWay Elite |
| XC40 B4 | 5 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| XC40 B5 AWD | 5 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2023 Volvo XC40 is in the years where high-voltage electronics and module repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (5)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseService Brakes, Hydraulic
R10329Back Over Prevention
R10320Electrical System
R10225Service Brakes, Hydraulic
R10217These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
Whether any of this applies to one specific XC40
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2023 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Volvo publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2023 Volvo XC40, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2023 Volvo XC40
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this XC40 →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database8 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 5 injuries · 0 deaths reported
17 per 10,000 built · Volvo reported 27,607 XC40 built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2022: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2026: 15
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
The contact owns a 2023 Volvo XC40 BEV. The contact stated that after the brake module OTA firmware update, the brakes became inoperable. The OTA update removed the AUTO-HOLD function. While depressing the accelerator pedal, the pedal failed to respond as needed. The "AUTO-HOLD" message was displayed while at a stop sign.
My name is , and I am writing to escalate a critical and ongoing safety issue following a recent recall-related software update on my Volvo vehicle (VIN: ). The recall was intended to resolve a defect involving the rear camera becoming unavailable.
The supplied 240V Level 2 charger has a design defect that causes the J1772 handle to detach from the high voltage supply cable exposing the individual wires to a possible fire condition
Going back to last year I have reported to Volvo the software issues on the car. 1. Automatic Emergency Braking - Currently the car is ABRUPTLY breaking in the streets thinking it there is a car in front. It's so incredibly dangerous. I've reported it and they have not done anything about it. (Most Recent Issues) 2.
On January 22, 2025 on a clear sunny day (no wind) I was putting groceries in the trunk of my car when the trunk lid came down on my head injuring me. I was leaning from the right side of my car across to the left side. My key was in my pocketbook on my right shoulder.
When traveling down a local and city road traveling at approximately 55 miles per hour, the vehicle is fine. But once I get on the highway and travel over 60 miles per hour (approximately driving 70 miles per hour), there is a horrible click that engages in the steering wheel at around approximately 1° angle (it turns right barely when…
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Volvo itself: 5 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 6 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 18 per 100,000 built. Every XC40 model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 16% |
| SUV FWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 16% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Driver-assist crash reports (1)
Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-011 no injury reported
Jun 2024 to Jun 2024 · 0 with an air bag deployment · 1 towed
What was engaged, and what was hit
System named: Pilot Assist (1)
Crash partner: Other 1
Filed by: Volvo Car USA, LLC
| Incident | System | Struck | Injury alleged | State | Speed | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 2024 | Level 2 · Pilot Assist | Other | no injury reported | GA | — | 1422-7992 |
From the manufacturer’s own filing
The reporting entity’s narrative as NHTSA published it, with anything identifying removed and nothing added. A narrative is a notice, written before the entity had verified what happened.
Customer engaged pilot assist and then preceded to remove attention from roadway to pick up object inside of the vehicle. The vehicle impacted a barrier and the wheels and tires on the side of impact were damaged. The vehicle was towed from the scene
A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Unknown Or Other, Electrical System, Equipment, Engine, Exterior Lighting.
- 37504.3.0 Service bulletin2026-09-19 · Power Train
- This is a TJ Text Only no attachment If a customer experiences a DIM message stating "Propulsion Service Required" and IEM P0A7A48 is stored, please follow the advice under "Service".
- 37316.5.0 Service bulletin2026-09-12 · Engine
- This is a Technical Journal: DTC ECM-P06DE00 set, no symptoms. Do not replace any parts or perform additional fault tracing. This is a misdetection and a false positive (a.k.a. "ghost code"). The oil pump is actually working as intended
- 37710.2.2 Service bulletin2026-09-09 · Unknown Or Other
- This is a TJ - text, plus 2 PDF's - If there is a "Check Engine Light" lit in the DIM with one or a combination of the DTC's listed below, please follow the advice for checks and inspection procedures under "service".
- 37618.3.8 Service bulletin2026-09-09 · Unknown Or Other
- This is a TJ - Text - plus 2 instruction documents (TJI's) - + 1 PDF + how to find structure week + flow chart, 2 JPG's . If the Check Engine Light is on in the DIM and one or more of the DTCs listed below are set, please follow the advice under "Service". 7 attachments How to find Structure Week and Engine Serial Number.jpg0.2454 MB One Time Use Fasteners 1.jpg0.0362 MB One Time Use Fasteners 2.j
- 37710.2.2 Service bulletin2026-08-13 · Unknown Or Other
- This is a TJ - text, plus 2 PDF's - If there is a "Check Engine Light" lit in the DIM with one or a combination of the DTC's listed below, please follow the advice for checks and inspection procedures under "service".
- 37618.3.6 Service bulletin2026-07-28 · Unknown Or Other
- This is a TJ - Text - plus 2 instruction documents (TJI's) - + 2 PDFS + how to find structure week + flow chart, 6 in all. If the Check Engine Light is on in the DIM and one or more of the DTCs listed below are set, please follow the advice under "Service".
- 37342.2.3 Service bulletin2026-07-11 · Unknown Or Other
- This is a Technical Journal: iCUP IHU - Text plus 1 PDF Prior Approval. In most cases, the IHU does not need to be replaced -In many cases the Infotainment Head Unit (IHU) does not need to be replaced and can be retained by following the fault tracing in VIDA.
- 36555.8.0 Service bulletin2026-07-11 · Unknown Or Other
- This is a Technical Journal: text plus 3 .png files and 1 mp4 CSD Stuck in Recovery Mode, iCUP. In most cases this Recovery mode can be resolved by preforming a IHU reload.
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Volvo XC40 failed the emissions check on 9.3% of first inspections — higher than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.64% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%).
failed emissions
1,089 initial inspections of 1,055 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2023 XC40 | Every 2023 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 9.3% | 1.6% | 864 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 0.64% | 1.1% | 1,089 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.09% | 0.16% | 1,089 |
| Miles driven a year | 8,902 | 10,038 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 29,014 | 32,673 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2023 vehicle” is every 2023 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
XC40 by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2023 XC40
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2023 Volvo XC40 have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 5 recall campaigns for the 2023 Volvo XC40, 1 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 25V392000, covering Service Brakes, Hydraulic. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2023 Volvo XC40?
NHTSA gave the 2023 Volvo XC40 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it D (69/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2023 Volvo XC40?
Across the 3 EPA-rated configurations of the 2023 Volvo XC40, the best EPA combined figure is 27 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions) and the longest EPA range is 223 miles on a charge. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What do owners complain about on the 2023 Volvo XC40?
Owners have filed 48 complaints with NHTSA about the 2023 Volvo XC40, most often about back over prevention, electrical system, service brakes. Of those, 8 involved a crash, 5 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2023 Volvo XC40?
The EPA smog rating for the 2023 Volvo XC40 runs 5 to 10 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III ULEV70, California ZEV, Federal Tier 3 Bin 0, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2023 Volvo XC40?
The manufacturer has filed 462 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2023 Volvo XC40, most often covering unknown or other, electrical system, equipment. The most recent is dated 2026-09-19. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2023 Volvo XC40 do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Volvo XC40 failed the emissions check on 9.3% of first inspections — higher than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 0.64% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 3 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 3 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 5 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 48 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 2 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 462 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | none | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | No defect investigation has been opened. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | 1 | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | none | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | We had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | 10 trims | Manufacturer press kit | Transcribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.