2025 Toyota Tundra
The 2025 Toyota Tundra is sold in the U.S. as a hybrid and gas large pickup truck with 7 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Tundra 2WD, is EPA-rated at 22 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 5 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of B. Owners have filed 142 complaints, most often about the engine. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall. Manufacturer pricing runs from $40,090 to $80,725 across 33 trims.

| Trim | Powertrain | Drive | MSRP | HP | Torque | MPG comb | Seats | Wheels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR Double Cab 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $40,090 | 348 hp | 405 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR Double Cab 8.1-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $40,420 | 348 hp | 405 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $42,140 | 348 hp | 405 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR5 Double Cab 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $45,960 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR5 CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $48,010 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR5 CrewMax 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $49,320 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| Limited CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $54,305 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Limited CrewMax 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $54,635 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Platinum CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $63,675 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| 1794 Edition CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X2 | $64,360 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Limited CrewMax 5.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X2 | $58,005 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 22 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Limited CrewMax 6.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X2 | $58,335 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 22 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Platinum CrewMax 5.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X2 | $67,585 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 22 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| 1794 Edition CrewMax 5.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X2 | $68,285 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 22 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| SR Double Cab 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $43,090 | 348 hp | 405 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $45,140 | 348 hp | 405 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR5 Double Cab 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $48,960 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR5 CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $51,010 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| SR5 CrewMax 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $52,320 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| Limited CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $57,305 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Limited CrewMax 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $57,635 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Platinum CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $66,675 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Platinum CrewMax 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $67,005 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| 1794 Edition CrewMax 5.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $67,360 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| 1794 Edition CrewMax 6.5-ft | Gas | 4X4 | $67,690 | 389 hp | 479 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Limited CrewMax 5.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $61,005 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Limited CrewMax 6.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $61,335 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Platinum CrewMax 5.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $70,585 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| Platinum CrewMax 6.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $70,915 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| 1794 Edition CrewMax 5.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $71,285 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| 1794 Edition CrewMax 6.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $71,615 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 20 in |
| TRD Pro CrewMax 5.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $72,510 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 19 mpg | 5 | 18 in |
| Capstone CrewMax 6.5-ft i-FORCE MAX | Hybrid | 4X4 | $80,725 | 437 hp | 583 lb-ft | 20 mpg | 5 | 22 in |
MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.
Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tundra 2WD | Hybrid | RWD | 3.4L 6-cyl turbo + 288V Ni-MH | 20 | 24 | 22 | $3,050 |
| Tundra 4WD | Hybrid | 4WD (part-time) | 3.4L 6-cyl turbo + 288V Ni-MH | 19 | 22 | 20 | $3,350 |
| Tundra 4WD PRO | Hybrid | 4WD (part-time) | 3.4L 6-cyl turbo + 288V Ni-MH | 18 | 20 | 19 | $3,550 |
| Tundra 2WD | Gas | RWD | 3.4L 6-cyl turbo | 18 | 23 | 20 | $3,350 |
| Tundra 2WD | Gas | RWD | 3.4L 6-cyl turbo | 18 | 23 | 20 | $3,350 |
| Tundra 4WD | Gas | 4WD (part-time) | 3.4L 6-cyl turbo | 17 | 22 | 19 | $3,550 |
| Tundra 4WD | Gas | 4WD (part-time) | 3.4L 6-cyl turbo | 17 | 22 | 19 | $3,550 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 48512, 48518, 48519, 48510, 48511, 48516, 48517.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tundra 2WD, Tundra 4WD PRO | 4 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Tundra 4WD | 4 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Tundra 2WD, Tundra 4WD | 4 / 10 | Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / Other | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Tundra 4WD | 4 / 10 | Other / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
The cheapest ownership win
Insurers price the 2025 Tundra very differently, and the gap between the best and worst quote on the same car and driver is usually larger than any option you are weighing on this page.
How to compare cover →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (5)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseEquipment
See attached Part573Back Over Prevention
26TB02 / 26TA02Back Over Prevention
25TB10 / 25TA10Exterior Lighting
25TB06 / 25TA06These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
Whether any of this applies to one specific Tundra
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2025 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Toyota publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2025 Toyota Tundra, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2025 Toyota Tundra
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Tundra →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database5 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 12 injuries · 0 deaths reported
10 per 10,000 built · Toyota reported 135,635 Tundra built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2024: 1 · 2025: 63 · 2026: 78
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
When driving the lane assist system will bounce me back and forth between the lane lines
The contact owns a 2025 Toyota Tundra. The contact stated that while the tailgate was closing automatically, her grandson's finger was at the upper closing point of the tailgate; however, the tailgate continued to close. The contact's husband put his body weight on the tailgate and was able to stop the tailgate from closing.
I’ve notice that when coming to a stop or yield when you press the gas pedal to go or continue driving there’s a lag or delay. This has happened more than 4-5 times since I purchased the truck on December 23, 2024. The last time it happened was last Saturday August 9, 2025. Truck was on sport mode, Auto Stop/Start was off.
Upon starting the vehicle on 8/6/2025 i received multiple warnings: advanced ultrasonic detecting and ranging system malfunction, Pre-Collision system malfunction, Parking Brake system malfunction, Check engine ECM malfunction, Vehicle stability control system malfunction Secondary collison brake system malfunction, It now take almost a…
The contact owns a 2025 Toyota Tundra Hybrid. The contact stated that during cold starts, there was an abnormally loud squeaking sound while depressing the brake pedal. There was no warning light illuminated. The vehicle was taken to the dealer, but the contact was offered limited assistance. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired.
From a dead stop truck is hesitant to accelerate. Pedal can be pushed all the way down and there is a delay about 1-2 sec. This is very dangerous it and has almost caused an accident a few times already. It only happens after a complete stop and go
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Toyota itself: 37 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 48 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 27 per 100,000 built. Every Tundra model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 14 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 3,000 and 22,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PU/CC 4WD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 18% |
| PU/CC 4WD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 18% |
| PU/CC RWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 20% |
| PU/CC RWD | not rated | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | not rated | 18% |
| PU/EC 4WD | not rated | not rated | not rated | ★★★★☆ | 18% |
| PU/EC RWD | not rated | not rated | not rated | ★★★★☆ | 20% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communicationsMost often about: Unknown Or Other, Structure, Electrical System, Engine, Service Brakes.
- T-SB-0055-26 Service bulletin2026-09-21 · Structure — Body
- Some 2025 – 2026 model year Tundra and Tundra Hybrid vehicles may exhibit that the tailgate will not power close when the button on either the key fob or on the vehicle is pressed. This is observed after applying weight on the tailgate in an open position.
- T-SB-0049-26 Service bulletin2026-08-19 · Power Train
- Some 2022 – 2025 model year Tundra Hybrid, 2023 – 2025 model year Sequoia Hybrid, 2024 –2025 Land Cruiser and Tacoma Hybrid, and 2025 4Runner Hybrid vehicles may exhibit a whine noise from the transmission when in Ready ON mode.
- T-SB-0032-26 Rev1 Service bulletin2026-08-18 · Power Train
- Some customers of 2022 – 2026 model year Tundra vehicles equipped with specifically non-hybrid V35A-FTS engines may experience one or more of the following drivability related concerns: • Hesitation from a rolling stop. • Hesitation from a quick stop.
- T-SB-0022-25 Rev2 Service bulletin2026-07-01 · Service Brakes
- Some 2022 – 2026 model year Tundra, Tundra Hybrid, and 2023 – 2026 model year Sequoia Hybrid vehicles may exhibit a condition where the front brakes produce a squealing noise when driving forward or in reverse
- T-SB-0032-26 Service bulletin2026-05-06 · Power Train
- Some customers of 2022 – 2026 model year Tundra vehicles equipped with specifically non-hybridV35A-FTS engines may experience one or more of the following drivability related concerns: • Hesitation from a rolling stop. • Hesitation from a quick stop. The Transmission Control Module (TCM) logic has been modified to address these conditions.
- T-SB-0020-25 Rev2 Service bulletin2026-03-31 · Structure — Body
- OBSOLETE NOTICE March 31, 2026: This bulletin is now obsolete. Please see T-SB-0022-26.
- T-SB-0022-26 Service bulletin2026-03-30 · Structure — Body
- Some 2022 – 2025 model year Tundra and Tundra Hybrid, and 2023 – 2025 model year Sequoia Hybrid vehicles may exhibit a high pitch whistling noise coming from one or both outer rear-view mirrors while driving 65 – 85 mph (105 – 137 km/h).
- T-SB-0055-24 Rev2 Service bulletin2026-01-07 · Unknown Or Other
- Some 2005 – 2026 Toyota vehicles that have undergone water intrusion may exhibit a condition in which a musty odor is present. Follow the procedures in this bulletin to remediate the odor and address this condition. The purpose of this Service Bulletin is to provide general guidelines and procedures for odor remediation. This Service Bulletin provides a guide on how to prepare and treat the interi
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Toyota Tundra failed the safety inspection on 0.77% of first inspections — higher than the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected.
failed the safety inspection
2,863 initial inspections of 2,828 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2025 Tundra | Every 2025 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the safety inspection | 0.77% | 0.36% | 2,863 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.17% | 0.16% | 2,863 |
| Miles driven a year | 9,968 | 8,354 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 14,690 | 12,194 | odometer at inspection |
New York does not emissions-test model years this new, so the safety inspection is the record here. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2025 vehicle” is every 2025 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Compare the 2025 Tundra with
Any vehicle, your weights →| Head-to-head | Verdict | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 Ford F-150 Lightning · Large Pickup truck · grade C | F-150 Lightning +20.3 | |
| 2025 Ford Ranger · Large Pickup truck · grade F | Toss-up | |
| 2025 Ford F-150 · Large Pickup truck · grade F | Tundra +5.9 | |
| 2025 GMC Sierra · Large Pickup truck · grade B | Sierra +16 | |
| 2025 Chevrolet Colorado · Large Pickup truck · grade A | Tundra +15.3 | |
| 2025 Chevrolet Silverado · Large Pickup truck · grade B | Silverado +15.5 |
Tundra by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2025 Tundra
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsHow much does the 2025 Toyota Tundra cost?
Manufacturer pricing runs from $40,090 for the SR Double Cab 6.5-ft 4X2 to $80,725 for the Capstone CrewMax 6.5-ft i-FORCE MAX 4X4, across 33 trims. Those are MSRPs from the manufacturer's own press material; they exclude destination, options, taxes and whatever the dealer adds. Every trim and price is listed above.
Does the 2025 Toyota Tundra have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 5 recall campaigns for the 2025 Toyota Tundra. The most serious on file is 26V038000, covering Back Over Prevention. 1 campaign is phased, so the repair reached some model years before others. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2025 Toyota Tundra?
NHTSA gave the 2025 Toyota Tundra 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it B (83/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2025 Toyota Tundra?
Across the 7 EPA-rated configurations of the 2025 Toyota Tundra, the best EPA combined figure is 22 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What do owners complain about on the 2025 Toyota Tundra?
Owners have filed 142 complaints with NHTSA about the 2025 Toyota Tundra, most often about engine, power train, fuel/propulsion system. Of those, 5 involved a crash, 12 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2025 Toyota Tundra?
The EPA smog rating for the 2025 Toyota Tundra is 4 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70, Other — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2025 Toyota Tundra?
The manufacturer has filed 98 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2025 Toyota Tundra, most often covering unknown or other, structure, electrical system. The most recent is dated 2026-09-21. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2025 Toyota Tundra do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 Toyota Tundra failed the safety inspection on 0.77% of first inspections — higher than the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected. The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
Which 2025 Toyota Tundra trim is the best value?
$40,635 separates the cheapest of the 33 trims from the most expensive, so the answer depends on which of the differences you would actually use. Every trim has its own page here with the manufacturer's full specification and equipment list, plus a short summary of exactly what it adds over the base trim — worth reading before a dealer frames the walk-up for you. The trim-by-trim ladder shows what every step up costs and what it makes standard.
Is the 2025 Toyota Tundra better than the 2025 Ford F-150 Lightning?
The Ford F-150 Lightning wins clearly, 94.8 to 74.5, on fuel & range, safety, performance. The Toyota Tundra is ahead on tech & comfort. We publish a full side-by-side of the 2025 Toyota Tundra against the 2025 Ford F-150 Lightning — specifications by family, equipment feature by feature, safety record and ownership costs. You can re-weight what matters to you and the verdict recalculates.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 7 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 7 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 5 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 142 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 6 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 98 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | none | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | No defect investigation has been opened. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | none | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | We had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | 33 trims | Manufacturer press kit | Transcribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.