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2023 Toyota Corolla Cross

Hybrid Gas
Small Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD
3 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
D
Safety Signal
67 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
RecallsNHTSA campaigns 7
Complaints6 crash · 5 injured reported 178
Crash ratingnot rated by NHTSA —
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 42 mpg
20262025202420232022

The 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross is sold in the U.S. as a hybrid and gas compact SUV with 3 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Corolla Cross Hybrid AWD, is EPA-rated at 42 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 7 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of D. Owners have filed 178 complaints, most often about the engine.

Toyota Corolla Cross — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
Toyota Corolla Cross · Photo: S5A-0043 · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Trims & pricing

Source: manufacturer press kitCompare a trim →
TrimPowertrainDriveMSRPHPTorqueMPG combSeatsCargo (2nd row)Wheels
LGasFWD—169 hp150 lb-ft32 mpg525.5 cu-ft17 in
LGasAWD—169 hp150 lb-ft30 mpg524.3 cu-ft17 in
LEGasFWD—169 hp150 lb-ft32 mpg525.5 cu-ft17 in
LEGasAWD—169 hp150 lb-ft30 mpg524.3 cu-ft17 in
XLEGasFWD—169 hp150 lb-ft32 mpg525.5 cu-ft18 in
XLEGasAWD—169 hp150 lb-ft30 mpg524.3 cu-ft18 in
SHybridAWD—150 hp139 lb-ft42 mpg521.5 cu-ft17 in
SEHybridAWD—150 hp139 lb-ft42 mpg521.5 cu-ft17 in
XSEHybridAWD—150 hp139 lb-ft42 mpg521.5 cu-ft18 in
Warranty basic 3 yr / 36,000 mi · powertrain 5 yr / 60,000 mi · roadside 2 yr

MSRP excludes destination. Open a trim for the complete spec sheet and standard/optional equipment. Have the car in front of you? Decode its VIN to see which of these trims it is and what it was priced at.

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
Corolla Cross Hybrid AWDHybridAWD2.0L 4-cyl + 222V Li-Ion453842$1,600
Corolla CrossGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl313332$2,100
Corolla Cross 4WDGasAWD2.0L 4-cyl293230$2,250

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 47519, 46293, 46296.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
Corolla Cross Hybrid AWD7 / 10California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standardsSmartWay
Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross 4WD7 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

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Factory warranty running out?

The 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

What to check before you buy →

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Recalls (7)

Source: NHTSA recall database
●moderate

Back Over Prevention

26TB08 / 26TA08
73,528 vehicles built May 4, 2023 – Aug 8, 2025 Hybrid only
Problem Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing (Toyota) is recalling certain 2023-2025 Corolla Cross Hybrid vehicles. The vehicles may fail to make sufficient pedestrian warning sounds when in reverse. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 141, "Minimum Sound Requirements for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles." Risk Insufficient pedestrian warning sounds may fail to alert pedestrians of a reversing vehicle, increasing the risk of injury. Fix Dealers will update the software for the pedestrian warning sounds, free of charge. Owner letters were mailed September 1, 2026. Owners may contact Toyota's customer service at 1-800-331-4331. Toyota's numbers for this recall are 26TB08 and 26TA08.
NHTSA campaign 26V203000 reported Mar 31, 2026 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Steering

25TA02/25LA02
1,716 vehicles 81% reported repaired
Problem Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing (Toyota) is recalling certain 2023 Toyota Corolla, Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid, Highlander, Highlander Hybrid, Tacoma, Lexus RX350, 2023-2024 NX250, and NX350 vehicles that may have been incorrectly repaired under previous NHTSA recall number 23V-480. An electrical connection inside the steering column's spiral cable assembly may be insufficiently welded, causing the connection to separate and deactivate the driver's air bag. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk A deactivated driver's air bag will not deploy as intended, increasing the risk of injury during a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the spiral cable assembly as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 17, 2025. Owners may contact Toyota's customer service at 1-800-331-4331. Toyota's number for this recall is 25TA02. Lexus' number for this recall is 25LA02.
NHTSA campaign 25V040000 reported Jan 29, 2025 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Service Brakes, Electric

24TA11
145,383 vehicles 92% reported repaired Hybrid only
Problem Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing (Toyota) is recalling certain 2023-2024 Corolla Cross Hybrid and 2023-2025 Corolla Hybrid vehicles. A software error in the skid control electronic control unit (ECU) may result in a loss of power brake assist when turning a corner. Risk A loss of power brake assist can extend the distance required to stop, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will update the skid control ECU software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed November 19, 2024. Additionally, notifications to owners of the Corolla Hybrid vehicles were mailed January 17, 2025. Owners may contact Toyota customer service at 1-800-331-4331. Toyota's number for this recall is 24TA11.
NHTSA campaign 24V708000 reported Sep 20, 2024 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
○minor

Equipment

24R2
33,848 vehicles 99% reported repaired Hybrid only
Problem Gulf States Toyota, Inc. (GST) is recalling certain Toyota 2023 GR Supra, 2024 4 Runner, Corolla, Grand Highlander, Grand Highlander Hybrid, Land Cruiser Hybrid, Tacoma, Tacoma Hybrid, 2023-2024 BZ4X, Corolla Cross Hybrid, GR Corolla, GR86, Highlander, Highlander Hybrid, Prius, Prius Prime, Sequoia Hybrid, Tundra, Tundra Hybrid, Venza Hybrid, 2023-2025 Crown, and 2025 Camry Hybrid vehicles equipped with GST accessories. The load carrying capacity modification label may display inaccurate added weight values. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 110, "Tire Selection and Rims." Risk A vehicle with an incorrect maximum capacity weight value may be overloaded, which can increase the risk of a crash. Fix GST will mail new labels to owners, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 16, 2024. Owners may contact GST customer service at 1-800-444-1074. GST's number for this recall is 24R2.
NHTSA campaign 24V548000 reported Jul 23, 2024 Gulf States Toyota, Inc. the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Air Bags

23TA16
12,575 vehicles 92% reported repaired
Problem Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing (Toyota) is recalling certain 2022-2023 Corolla Cross vehicles that were previously inspected at a dealership under recall 23V-384. The instrument panel may have been produced without the required perforation, which could result in the front-passenger air bag not deploying properly. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk An air bag that does not deploy as intended increases the risk of injury during a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the instrument panel as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 26, 2024. Owners may contact Toyota's customer service at 1-800-331-4331. Toyota's number for this recall is 23TA16. Vehicles previously inspected under 23V-384 will need to return to the dealership for additional inspection.
NHTSA campaign 23V864000 reported Dec 20, 2023 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Steering

23TA08/ 23LA02
152,927 vehicles 93% reported repaired
Problem Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing (Toyota) is recalling certain 2023 Corolla, Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid, Highlander, Highlander Hybrid, Tacoma, 2023 Lexus RX350, RX350 Hybrid, RX500 Hybrid, 2023-2024 Lexus NX250, NX350, and NX350 Hybrid vehicles. An electrical connection inside the steering column's spiral cable assembly may be insufficiently welded, causing the connection to separate and deactivate the driver's air bag. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk A deactivated driver's air bag that does not deploy as intended increases the risk of injury during a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the spiral cable assembly, if necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 8, 2023. Owners may contact Toyota's customer service at 1-800-331-4331. Toyota's number for this recall is 23TA08. Lexus' number for this recall is 23LA02.
NHTSA campaign 23V480000 reported Jul 12, 2023 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Air Bags

23TB04/23TA04
96,007 vehicles 94% reported repaired
Problem Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing (Toyota) is recalling certain 2022-2023 Corolla Cross vehicles. The instrument panel may have been produced without the required perforation, which could result in the front-passenger air bag not deploying properly. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safey Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk An air bag that does not deploy as intended increases the risk of injury during a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the instrument panel, if necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed July 10, 2023. Owners may contact Toyota's customer service at 1-800-331-4331. Toyota's number for this recall is 23TB04/23TA04.
NHTSA campaign 23V384000 reported May 30, 2023 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific Corolla Cross

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2023 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Toyota publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

Find parts for this Corolla Cross →

Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
178complaints filed

6 involved a crash · 0 a fire · 5 injuries · 0 deaths reported

25 per 10,000 built · Toyota reported 71,552 Corolla Cross built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2023: 116 · 2024: 36 · 2025: 15 · 2026: 11

Most-cited components

Steering 44
Visibility/Wiper 27
Unspecified 24
Exterior Lighting 15

In depth: engine problems → · electrical problems →

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

Exiting freeway and decelerating from 65mph speed to come to a stop, the exit veers the to left and slightly uphill. At around the speed of 35 mph the car brake began to actually give resistance and I could feel it actually start applying pressure back onto my foot as if deliberately trying to accelerate.
Service Brakes Sep 25, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11616447
The contact owns a 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid. The contact stated that while driving at an undisclosed speed, she heard a loud shattering sound in the interior of the vehicle, prompting her to pull over to the shoulder of the roadway.
Visibility/Wiper at 2,500 miles Dec 7, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11559022
Vehicle randomly stops on the road, warning power steering low, engine shut off. In the middle of traffic
Engine Mar 30, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11514547
The contact owns a 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross. The contact stated while at a stop signal, the vehicle turned off and the power steering and the check engine warning light illuminated. The message to depress the brake pedal to restart the vehicle was displayed.
Steering at 1,500 miles Mar 30, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11514655
It was the first day driving my brand new 2023 Corolla Cross XLE AWD to work in downtown Washington, DC. I pulled up to stoplight and the auto start/stop turned off the engine like normal.
Electrical System Mar 28, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11514155
This car is experiencing the same issues of the engine shut off malfunction from the 2022 Corolla Cross model. I just got this car and it’s been happening where while i’m stopped at a intersection, the malfunction happens, tells me that something is wrong with the steering fluid, i have to put the car in park, turn off the entire car…
Service Brakes Mar 9, 2023 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11511099

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by Toyota itself: 47 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 1 killed, 62 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 66 per 100,000 built. Every Corolla Cross model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
SUV AWDnot rated★★★★☆★★★★★not rated—
SUV AWDnot rated★★★★☆★★★★★not rated—
SUV FWDnot rated★★★★☆★★★★★not rated—

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 188
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-08-20
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 171 service bulletins, 17 service campaigns

Most often about: Structure, Electrical System, Engine, Forward Collision Avoidance, Air Bags.

  • T-SB-0110-20 Rev2 Service bulletin
    2026-08-20 · Engine
  • OBSOLETE NOTICE August 20, 2026: This bulletin is now obsolete. Please see T-SB-0051-26.
  • T-SB-0051-26 Service bulletin
    2026-08-20 · Engine
  • This bulletin includes basic procedures for performing a rescue charge at battery on high voltage (HV) Ni-MH and Li-ion batteries.
  • T-SB-0104-21 Rev2 Service bulletin
    2026-02-27 · Engine
  • OBSOLETE NOTICE February 27, 2026: This bulletin is no longer applicable and is now obsolete.
  • T-SB-0066-24 Rev2 Service bulletin
    2026-02-11 · Structure — Body
  • Some 2022 – 2026 model year Corolla Cross and 2023 – 2026 model year Corolla Cross Hybrid vehicles may exhibit a loose roof rail. This condition may be present at the front and/or rear of one or both roof rails.
  • T-SB-0055-24 Rev2 Service bulletin
    2026-01-07 · Unknown Or Other
  • Some 2005 – 2026 Toyota vehicles that have undergone water intrusion may exhibit a condition in which a musty odor is present. Follow the procedures in this bulletin to remediate the odor and address this condition. The purpose of this Service Bulletin is to provide general guidelines and procedures for odor remediation. This Service Bulletin provides a guide on how to prepare and treat the interi
  • T-SB-0083-25 Service bulletin
    2025-11-07 · Electrical System
  • A new head unit software update is available for 2022 – 2025 model year Tundra, and Tundra Hybrid; 2023 – 2025 model year Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid, Highlander, Highlander Hybrid, Mirai, and Sequoia Hybrid vehicles equipped with Toyota Multimedia versions earlier than version 2230.
  • T-SB-0015-24 Rev2 Service bulletin
    2025-09-09 · Electrical System
  • A new head unit software update is available for 2023 model year Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid, Highlander, Highlander Hybrid, and Mirai vehicles equipped with Toyota Multimedia (earlier than version 2170). This software update includes the following improvements: •User Profile. •User interface. •Cloud navigation. •Intelligent assistant voice recognition. •Bug fixes.
  • T-SB-0066-24 Rev1 Service bulletin
    2025-09-02 · Structure — Body
  • Some 2022 – 2025 model year Corolla Cross and 2023 – 2025 model year Corolla Cross Hybrid vehicles may exhibit a loose roof rail. This condition may be present at the front and/or rear of one or both roof rails.

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross failed the emissions check on 0.69% of first inspections — lower than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.3% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%).

New York inspections 0.69%

failed emissions

2,774 initial inspections of 2,715 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2023 Corolla CrossEvery 2023 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check0.69%1.6%2,770
Failed the safety inspection1.3%1.1%2,774
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.25%0.16%2,774
Miles driven a year9,08010,038odometer at inspection
Average odometer29,40932,673odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2023 vehicle” is every 2023 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2023 Corolla Cross

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 7 recall campaigns for the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross. The most serious on file is 25V040000, covering Steering. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross?

NHTSA has not published a crash-test rating for the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross yet. On the recall record WhichTrim grades it D (67/100), which measures open and severe recalls rather than crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross?

Across the 3 EPA-rated configurations of the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross, the best EPA combined figure is 42 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What do owners complain about on the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross?

Owners have filed 178 complaints with NHTSA about the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross, most often about engine, electrical system, steering. Of those, 6 involved a crash, 5 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross?

The EPA smog rating for the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross is 7 out of 10. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross?

The manufacturer has filed 188 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross, most often covering structure, electrical system, engine. The most recent is dated 2026-08-20. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross failed the emissions check on 0.69% of first inspections — lower than the 1.6% for every 2023 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.3% (every 2023 vehicle: 1.1%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations3 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates3 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls7NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints178NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings3 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins188NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
InvestigationsnoneNHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationNo defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSAnoneNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWe had no VIN pattern to decode for this model year, or the manufacturer filed nothing usable.
Trims, pricing & equipment9 trimsManufacturer press kitTranscribed from the manufacturer's own press material, every value carrying the document it came from.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly. Trim-level specifications and pricing are transcribed from the manufacturer's official press kit; every value carries its source in the data file.

JSON for this page · API