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2016 MINI Cooper

Gas
Subcompact Cars
12 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
C
Safety Signal
76 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
RecallsNHTSA campaigns 4
Complaints3 crash · 2 fire · 6 injured reported 51
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 4★
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 32 mpg
202720262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2016 MINI Cooper is sold in the U.S. as a gas compact hatchback with 12 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Cooper Hardtop 2 door, is EPA-rated at 32 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 4 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of C. Owners have filed 51 complaints, most often about the exterior lighting. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall.

2016 MINI Cooper

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombAnnual fuel*
Cooper Hardtop 2 doorGasFWD1.5L 3-cyl turbo283832$2,550
Cooper Hardtop 4 doorGasFWD1.5L 3-cyl turbo283832$2,550
Cooper ConvertibleGasFWD1.5L 3-cyl turbo273630$2,750
Cooper ConvertibleGasFWD1.5L 3-cyl turbo273630$2,750
Cooper Hardtop 2 doorGasFWD1.5L 3-cyl turbo273630$2,750
Cooper Hardtop 4 doorGasFWD1.5L 3-cyl turbo273630$2,750
Cooper S ConvertibleGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo253328$2,950
Cooper S Hardtop 2 doorGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo253328$2,950
Cooper S Hardtop 4 doorGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo253328$2,950
Cooper S Hardtop 2 doorGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo233327$3,050
Cooper S Hardtop 4 doorGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo233327$3,050
Cooper S ConvertibleGasFWD2.0L 4-cyl turbo233226$3,150

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 36843, 36719, 37245, 37246, 36790, 36791, 37247, 36558, 36560, 36559.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
Cooper Convertible, Cooper Hardtop 2 door, Cooper S Convertible, Cooper S Hardtop 2 door, Cooper S Hardtop 4 door8–9 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30/PZEVAll 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standardsSmartWay
Cooper S Convertible, Cooper S Hardtop 2 door, Cooper S Hardtop 4 door8–9 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30/PZEVAll 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleHatchback/Liftback/Notchback
Doors6
GVWR classClass 1: 6,000 lb or less (2,722 kg or less)

Engine Basics

Cylinders4
Displacement2 L

Engine Output

Horsepower189 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: Cooper, Cooper S, JCW). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length151.2–157.9 in
Width (body, without mirrors)68.1 in
Height55.5–56.3 in
Wheelbase98.4–101.2 in
Track, front58.7–59.1 in
Track, rear58.7–59.1 in
Curb weight2,606–2,895 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear60/40 to 63/37

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 4 configurations: 3 Door Hatch FWD, 3 Door S Hatch FWD, 5 Door Hatch FWD, 5 Door S Hatch FWD. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

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Factory warranty running out?

The 2016 MINI Cooper is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.

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Recalls (4)

Source: NHTSA recall database
●moderate

Exterior Lighting

16,883 vehicles 98% reported repaired built Sep 1, 2015 – Mar 23, 2017
Problem BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain 2016-2017 MINI Cooper Clubman, Cooper S Clubman and JCW Clubman vehicles. When the affected vehicles are braking and the turn signals are on, the inner, bumper-mounted, brake light will go out. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 108, "Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment." Risk If the brake light does not illuminate when a turn signal is activated, other drivers may be confused, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix MINI will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the vehicle to correct the brake lighting, free of charge. The recall began May 22, 2017. Owners may contact MINI customer service at 1-866-825-1525.
NHTSA campaign 17V222000 reported Mar 31, 2017 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Seat Belts

15,455 vehicles 90% reported repaired built May 9, 2016 – Sep 21, 2016
Problem BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain model year 2016-2017 X1 sDrive28i, X1 xDrive28i, MINI Hardtop 4 Door Cooper, Mini Hardtop 4 Door Cooper S, MINI Cooper Clubman, and Cooper S Clubman, 2017 Rolls-Royce Ghost, and 2016 528i vehicles. The vehicle-sensitive locking mechanism of the seat belt Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) for the driver's seat may not lock as designed. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 209, "Seat Belt Assemblies." Risk In the event of a crash where heavy braking is applied, the Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) may activate when the occupant is more forward in the seat, possibly increasing the risk of injury. Fix BMW will notify owners, and dealers will replace the driver's seat belt assembly, free of charge. The recall began July 3, 2019. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
NHTSA campaign 16V747000 reported Oct 17, 2016 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Steering

2 vehicles 100% reported repaired built Nov 24, 2015 – Nov 24, 2015
Problem BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling one model year 2016 MINI Cooper Hardtop 2 Door vehicle manufactured November 24, 2015, and one BMW X1 Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV) manufactured October, 19 2015. The steering gearbox may have been manufactured with incorrect parts. Risk A gearbox malfunction may cause a loss of vehicle control and increase the risk of a crash. Fix BMW will replace the steering gearbox, free of charge. Affected vehicles are located in dealer inventory and will be remedied before customer retail. The recall began on December 28, 2015. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
Filed with NHTSADefect report PDF
NHTSA campaign 15V887000 reported Dec 30, 2015 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Air Bags

6,073 vehicles 93% reported repaired
Problem BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain model year 2014-2016 MINI Cooper S and MINI Cooper two-door vehicles, 2015-2016 MINI John Cooper Works and MINI Cooper S and MINI Cooper four-door vehicles and 2014-2015 BMW i3 vehicles. Due to a manufacturing error, the passenger frontal air bag may not deploy properly in a low speed crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk In the event of a vehicle crash, an air bag that does not deploy properly increases the risk of injury to the front seat passenger. Fix MINI and BMW will notify owners, and dealers will replace the passenger frontal air bag module, free of charge. The recall began on November 25, 2015. Owners may contact MINI customer service at 1-866-825-1525 and BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
NHTSA campaign 15V628000 reported Oct 7, 2015 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific Cooper

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2016 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. MINI publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2016 MINI Cooper, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2016 MINI Cooper

Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.

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Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
51complaints filed

3 involved a crash · 2 a fire · 6 injuries · 0 deaths reported

Filed per year: 2016: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2026: 3

Most-cited components

Exterior Lighting 14
Engine 14
Electrical System 11
Power Train 8
Unspecified 3
Service Brakes 2

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

On September 13, 2026, my vehicle experienced a failure of the internal Steptronic automatic transmission gear selector position-detection return spring (torsion spring).
Power Train Oct 22, 2026 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11773087
The Environmental Air Catalyst (EAC) Sensor on my 2016 MINI failed two years ago when I had only 25,000 miles on the car. (The car now has 30,200 miles on it; I do not drive it very much).
Engine Nov 19, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11700391
The contact owns a 2016 Mini Cooper S. The contact stated that while operating the vehicle, the message "Left brake lamp and Tailgate light malfunction" was displayed and while depressing the brake pedal the driver’s side rear brake light failed to illuminate. Additionally, the left turn signal was blinking quickly while activated.
Exterior Lighting at 34,000 miles Apr 1, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11652098
While driving straight on an Interstate highway at approximately 65 mph, the right front and left rear brakes momentarily locked up after the windshield wipers were turned on due to light rain starting to fall. This happened multiple times, only when the wipers were turned on.
Service Brakes Sep 12, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11614123
Rear passenger tail light casing/bucket had burnt connections. Replaced casing/bucket and bulb. Worked for short time, tail light failed a second time. Casing/bucket & bulb replaced, again worked for short time and then went out. Took vehicle to another mechanic after passenger side headlight failed.
Electrical System Jul 31, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11605757
Seat belt on driver side of the convertible was rolling up on one side and not providing adequate safe restraint. Was told by dealership that I was pulling the seat belt out with my left hand and sitting too close and that I should be pulling the seat belt out with my right hand. Owners manual did not provide this information.
Seat Belts May 9, 2017 NHTSA owner report · ODI 10984502

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by MINI itself: 14 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 14 injured, as claimed, not verified. Every Cooper model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

When owners reported it

Reported at 34k

miles, typically

Half the 13 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 9,000 and 44,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.

Too few readings for a curve — the 13 on file: 4 under 10k, 2 10k–20k, 1 30k–40k, 3 40k–50k, 1 50k–60k, 1 60k–70k, 1 90k–100k.

Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
3 HB FWD★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★☆11%
3 HB FWD★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★☆11%
3 HB FWD★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★☆11%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program.

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Extended coverage on file 2 filings by the manufacturer with NHTSA naming this model year

The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every BMW warranty extension (46) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →

Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 674
Most recentmanufacturer date 2025-07-30
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 670 service bulletins, 3 warranty extensions, 1 service campaign

Most often about: Equipment, Electrical System, Engine, Structure, Equipment Adaptive/Mobility.

  • M010424 Warranty extension
    2025-07-30 · Power Train
  • The automatic transmission limited warranty for the vehicle Selector Lever Magnetic Shift Interlock Mechanism (Gearshift lug assembly portion) has been extended to 10 years/120,000 miles, as determined by the vehicle’s original in-service date, when a gearshift lug repair kit installation procedure is required to be performed to address a displayed Check Control message (CCM) that states P not eng
  • M010224 Service campaign
    2024-10-07 · Fuel/Propulsion System
  • EVAP PURGE (VENT) VALVE LTD WTY EXT (ELW) 10 YEARS/120,000 MILES
  • M511616 Service bulletin
    2023-11-02 · Structure
  • Cavity protection applied to underside of the hood is leaking out onto the wheel arch trim and grille.
  • M610607 Service bulletin
    2023-10-25 · Electrical System
  • MINI electrical systems have continued to develop over the past few years. As a result, the demand on the batteries has increased. Breakdowns due to an empty battery or problems in the vehicles electrical system can have various causes, most of which are not due to the battery itself. For this reason, a battery replacement will permanently eliminate the problem only in the rarest of cases. The
  • M540123 Service bulletin
    2023-08-01 · Structure — Body — Roof And Pillars
  • ?The panoramic roof sunblind does not close, or jams while closing.
  • M110323 Service bulletin
    2023-08-01 · Communication — Manufacturer Telematics
  • ?BMW AG has issued a Delivery Stop: REPLACE CHARGE AIR LINE.
  • M840322 Service bulletin
    2023-03-01 · Electrical System
  • The 3G network in the US has been shut down. This means that only the 4G network will be available. In the 4G network, voice calls will be transferred via Voice over LTE (VoLTE) function. For this purpose, the SIM card must perform an IMS registration in the mobile communication network. Due to a production error, the telematics control units were delivered without an IMS configuration. The Conn
  • M610223 Service bulletin
    2023-03-01 · Electrical System
  • The buttons on the gear selector switch (GWS) do not work, or the function indicator lighting has failed.

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

Diagnostic trouble codes on file

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaints

Codes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.

CodeWhat it meansMost often filed underWhere it appears
P0015Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine1 owner report
P0366Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine1 owner report
U019DManufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard.Engine1 owner report

Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.

Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2016 MINI Cooper failed the emissions check on 5.3% of first inspections — higher than the 4.2% for every 2016 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.8% (every 2016 vehicle: 2.2%).

New York inspections 5.3%

failed emissions

720 initial inspections of 698 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2016 CooperEvery 2016 vehicleBehind it
Failed the emissions check5.3%4.2%718
Failed the safety inspection2.8%2.2%720
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.14%0.27%720
Miles driven a year7,20810,028odometer at inspection
Average odometer74,231103,109odometer at inspection

New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2016 vehicle” is every 2016 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2016 Cooper

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2016 MINI Cooper have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 4 recall campaigns for the 2016 MINI Cooper. The most serious on file is 16V747000, covering Seat Belts. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2016 MINI Cooper?

NHTSA gave the 2016 MINI Cooper 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 4-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it C (76/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2016 MINI Cooper?

Across the 12 EPA-rated configurations of the 2016 MINI Cooper, the best EPA combined figure is 32 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2016 MINI Cooper?

Transport Canada measured it at 151.2–157.9 in long, 68.1 in wide (body, without mirrors), 55.5–56.3 in tall, on a 98.4–101.2 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 2,606–2,895 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2016 MINI Cooper?

Owners have filed 51 complaints with NHTSA about the 2016 MINI Cooper, most often about exterior lighting, engine, electrical system. Of those, 3 involved a crash, 2 a fire, 6 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2016 MINI Cooper?

The EPA smog rating for the 2016 MINI Cooper runs 8 to 9 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30/PZEV, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2016 MINI Cooper?

The manufacturer has filed 674 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2016 MINI Cooper, most often covering equipment, electrical system, engine. The most recent is dated 2025-07-30. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2016 MINI Cooper do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2016 MINI Cooper failed the emissions check on 5.3% of first inspections — higher than the 4.2% for every 2016 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 2.8% (every 2016 vehicle: 2.2%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations12 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates10 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls4NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints51NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings3 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins674NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
InvestigationsnoneNHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationNo defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reportsnoneNHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like.
Specifications filed with NHTSA7 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

JSON for this page · API