2020 Volkswagen Atlas
The 2020 Volkswagen Atlas is sold in the U.S. as a gas compact SUV with 7 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the Atlas, is EPA-rated at 22 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 11 recall campaigns for this model year, 1 rated critical, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of F. Owners have filed 134 complaints, most often about the electrical system. NHTSA crash-tested it at 5 stars overall.

Specs & fuel economy
Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov| Configuration | Powertrain | Drive | Engine / motor | City | Hwy | Comb | Annual fuel* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas | Gas | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 20 | 24 | 22 | $3,050 |
| Atlas Cross Sport | Gas | FWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 21 | 24 | 22 | $3,050 |
| Atlas Cross Sport 4motion | Gas | AWD | 2.0L 4-cyl turbo | 18 | 23 | 20 | $3,350 |
| Atlas | Gas | FWD | 3.6L 6-cyl | 17 | 23 | 19 | $3,550 |
| Atlas 4motion | Gas | AWD | 3.6L 6-cyl | 16 | 22 | 19 | $3,550 |
| Atlas Cross Sport | Gas | FWD | 3.6L 6-cyl | 17 | 23 | 19 | $3,550 |
| Atlas Cross Sport 4motion | Gas | AWD | 3.6L 6-cyl | 16 | 22 | 19 | $3,550 |
*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 42183, 42100, 42159, 42454, 42458, 42455, 42457.
Emissions & certification
Source: EPA emission certificates| Configuration | Smog rating | Emission standard | Where it can be sold new | SmartWay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas, Atlas Cross Sport, Atlas Cross Sport 4motion | 3 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV125 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 125 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
| Atlas, Atlas 4motion, Atlas Cross Sport, Atlas Cross Sport 4motion | 5 / 10 | California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 | All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards | — |
Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.
The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.
Specifications filed with NHTSA
Source: NHTSA vPICDimensions Exterior
| Body style | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] |
| Doors | 4 |
| GVWR class | Class 1D: 5,001 - 6,000 lb (2,268 - 2,722 kg) |
Engine Basics
| Cylinders | 4 |
| Displacement | 2 L |
Engine Output
| Horsepower | 235 hp |
Fuel Economy
| Fuel | Gasoline |
Seating
| Seat rows | 3 |
| Seating capacity | 7 seats |
Transmission
| Drivetrain | AWD/All-Wheel Drive |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Transmission speeds | 8 |
Driver assistance
Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking
Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: 4Motion S, 4Motion SE, 4Motion SE / 4Motion SE w/ Technology w/ R-Line, 4Motion SEL). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.
Dimensions & weight
Source: Transport Canada| Length | 195.7–198.4 in |
| Width (body, without mirrors) | 78.0–78.3 in |
| Height | 67.7–68.9 in |
| Wheelbase | 117.3 in |
| Track, front | 67.3–67.7 in |
| Track, rear | 67.7 in |
| Curb weight | 4,251–9,453 lb |
| Weight distribution, front/rear | 56/44 to 57/43 |
Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 3 configurations: 4-door SUV 4Motion, 4-door SUV FWD, Sport Cross 4-door SUV. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.
Factory warranty running out?
The 2020 Volkswagen Atlas is in the years where transmission, electronics and drivetrain repairs land on the owner. What an extended plan does and does not cover is worth reading before a dealer quotes you one.
What to check before you buy →Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
Recalls (11)
Source: NHTSA recall databaseAir Bags
69FBTires
AU:45J7,VW:45J6,45J8Air Bags
97GFEquipment
09D9Visibility
87H4Steering
40Q7Steering
40Q6Tires
44Q5Seats
72L1, 72K8, 72K9Exterior Lighting
94N7These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.
NHTSA defect investigations
Forward Collision Avoidance — Inadvertent Automatic Emergency Braking closed
On September 28, 2023, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened a Preliminary Evaluation (PE23017) to assess reports of inadvertent activation of the Front Assist automatic emergency braking (AEB) system in model year (MY) 2018-2019 Volkswagen Atlas vehicles. The reports alleged that activation of the AEB system occurred while driving with no apparent obstruction in the vehicle's forward path, resulting in sudden vehicle deceleration. Volkswagen indicated that it is aware of a total of 292 reports that may relate to the alleged defect in MY 2018-2019 Volkswagen Atlas vehicles. Volkswagen stated that some customers possibly had an inadequate understanding of Front Assist and its limit
Opened Sep 28, 2023 · closed Dec 18, 2024 · action PE23017 · the investigation’s page →
Fuel System, Gasoline — Fuel Injector Leak closed
On March 29, 2021, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened PE21-008 to investigate instances of fuel injectors leaking in the engine compartment in model year (MY) 2018 through 2020 Volkswagen Atlas and Atlas Cross Sport SUVs. These vehicles are equipped with either a 3.6 or 2.0 liter engine. The subject investigation concerns vehicles equipped with 3.6L engines. Prior to opening the investigation, ODI also observed that warranty data for the fuel system from TREAD reporting was an outlier for the MY 2018 Atlas. The allegation involved fuel injectors leaking fuel near engine compartment components that operate at high temperatures. Consumers allege a fuel leak, fuel odor, and/or an
Opened Mar 29, 2021 · closed Oct 3, 2022 · action PE21008 · the investigation’s page →
Whether any of this applies to one specific Atlas
A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2020 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. Volkswagen publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.
Hear about a recall before the letter does
The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.
Parts & accessories for the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas
Search by fitment on eBay Motors — OEM take-offs, aftermarket, and the trim pieces dealers no longer stock. The listing and the price are the seller's.
Find parts for this Atlas →Owner complaints
Source: NHTSA complaint database3 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 1 injuries · 0 deaths reported
37 per 10,000 built · Volkswagen reported 35,745 Atlas built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)
Filed per year: 2020: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2022: 34 · 2023: 11 · 2024: 28 · 2025: 19 · 2026: 21
Most-cited components
In owners' own words
Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.
The airbag occupancy detectors on the passenger side are faulty. I noticed that other similar models of the VW Atlas are having this issue and it has an active recall, but my particular model has not
Two main issues... The automatic breaking will break in the most random spots. There is no car around but it reacts to certain ways the lines are painted on the road is my guess. It will do it to some cross walks as well as some round abouts. I've had to just turn it off so it doesn't kill me. Also, another issue is the battery.
Hello. I have a 2020 Vw Atlas V6 SE R-Line. The truck shots off when idleling, on speeds of 5 mph to 10 mph and even on the highway. This is a serious problem and extremely dangerous to my family and myself as well as other owners that have the same issue wile driving on highways. It can easily cause a serious accident.
The contact owns a 2020 Volkswagen Atlas. The contact stated that while driving at an undisclosed speed, the steering wheel was difficult to turn, and the hazard indicator warning light illuminated. In addition, the steering wheel seized.
I received alerts while I’m driving to tell me that the fuel pressure was low and to turn off the engine immediately… and then it would go away. there were several different times about 5 total separate incidents on separate days that my car would not move forward and lurch forward from a parked position and then died with a quick alert…
The vehicle was giving a false alert about my driver's door being opened. The door was infact closed properly. During this time when i was driving when i came to a slowed or complete stop the car put the emgergency/parking brake on. This happened twice in seven days.
Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.
Reported by Volkswagen itself: 11 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 12 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 31 per 100,000 built. Every Atlas model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.
When owners reported it
miles, typically
Half the 26 owner reports with an odometer reading on file fall between 3,000 and 38,000 miles. That is when problems get reported, which is not the same as when they start — and not a failure rate, because nobody knows how many of these cars never had a problem at all.
Odometer readings as filed by owners with NHTSA. Readings under 100 or over 400,000 miles are dropped as data entry rather than history, and a component needs at least 12 readings before a median is shown for it.
Crash ratings
Source: NHTSA NCAP| Configuration | Overall | Frontal | Side | Rollover | Rollover risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 14% |
| SUV AWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 15% |
| SUV FWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 16% |
| SUV FWD | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | 17% |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program. Standard driver-assist: forward collision warning.
Service bulletins & campaigns
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications- 8.5 years or 85,000 miles, whichever comes first · Volkswagen warranty extension VWP-26-07 FAQFor applicable 2018-2022 Atlas and Atlas Cross Sport 3.6L Settlement Class Vehicles (NA6 warranty key), the New Vehicle Limited Warranty will be extended to cover 80% of the replacement of the Water…
- 8.5 years or 85,000 miles, whichever comes first · Volkswagen warranty extension VWP-25-16For applicable Settlement Class Vehicles, the New Vehicle Limited Warranty will be extended to cover 50% of the repair or replacement of the Turbocharger by an authorized Volkswagen Dealer for 8.5…
- 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever comes first · Volkswagen warranty extension VWP-25-07 FAQFor applicable 2018-2024 Volkswagen Atlas Settlement Class Vehicles, the New Vehicle Limited Warranty has been extended to cover the repair or replacement of the Second Row Seat Latching Mechanism by…
- 5 years or 60,000 miles, whichever comes first · Volkswagen warranty extension VWP-24-08Volkswagen is extending warranty coverage for the Front Door Wiring Harnesses on certain 2019-2023 Atlas and Atlas Cross Sport vehicles identified by the U70 Warranty Key for 5 years / 60,000 miles…
- Term not in NHTSA’s summary · Volkswagen warranty extension VWP-24-04These documents are for the Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) Limited Warranty Extension as part of the Class Action Settlement
The term and the vehicles it covers are the manufacturer’s, as NHTSA’s summary of each filing states them; a dealer checks one particular car by its VIN. Every Volkswagen warranty extension (9) → · Every warranty extension on file, all makes →
Most often about: Equipment, Engine, Electrical System, Unknown Or Other, Structure.
- V0116152014815_20 Service bulletin2026-09-17 · Engine
- Suggested fuel additive
- SM 39-2026 Other2026-09-09 · Unknown Or Other
- This special notice is to inform dealers to return the parts listed if it meets the criteria provided.
- VOS-26-52 Service bulletin2026-09-04 · Air Bags
- This is a notice for software changes with the ODIS diagnostic program to correct the communication during vehicle programming function: A software fix is needed to correct airbag basic settings programming.
- V4622022067177_5 Service bulletin2026-08-27 · Service Brakes
- Repair or Replace Information
- V4015022033347_8 Service bulletin2026-08-10 · Power Train
- Replacement instruction
- TT 00-13-04_7 Other2026-08-06 · Unknown Or Other
- Permission to change Daily Order upgraded to RED Order
- V0026012081638_2 Service bulletin2026-08-04 · Unknown Or Other
- Differences between a leak and seepage
- VOS-26-42 Service bulletin2026-07-15 · Electrical System
- This is a notice for software changes with the ODIS diagnostic program to correct the communication during vehicle programming function: A software fix is needed to correct the issue: DA 0019 - Hotfix 12-V battery test(s) – No battery diagnosis - Inconclusive test result.
A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.
Diagnostic trouble codes on file
Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications and complaintsCodes documented against this model year in the federal record. A code appearing here does not mean this vehicle will set it — it means the code is part of this nameplate-year's documented history.
| Code | What it means | Most often filed under | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| P0087 P0087 on Volkswagen → | Fuel rail pressure is below what the system commanded. | Electrical System · Fuel pump → | 62 bulletins |
| P053F P053F on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Electrical System · Battery → | 62 bulletins |
| P0442 P0442 on Volkswagen → | A small leak in the evaporative emissions system. | Equipment · Gas cap → | 54 bulletins |
| P0456 P0456 on Volkswagen → | A very small leak in the evaporative emissions system. | Equipment · Gas cap → | 40 bulletins · 1 owner report |
| P0401 P0401 on Volkswagen → | Not enough exhaust gas is being recirculated. | Engine · EGR valve → | 39 bulletins |
| P0149 P0149 on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Engine | 34 bulletins |
| P0463 P0463 on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 34 bulletins |
| P0496 P0496 on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 31 bulletins |
| P11A1 P11A1 on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 29 bulletins |
| P11A2 P11A2 on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 29 bulletins |
| P11A3 P11A3 on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 29 bulletins |
| P11A4 P11A4 on Volkswagen → | Manufacturer-defined — the meaning is set by the automaker, not the standard. | Equipment | 29 bulletins |
Generic codes (the second character is 0 or 2) mean the same thing on every vehicle sold in the United States. Manufacturer-specific codes (1 or 3) mean whatever the automaker assigned, and no honest source can define them for you — which is why the ones here carry the evidence instead of a definition. A code is a link when enough separate federal documents name it across the catalogue to be worth a page of its own; the rest are listed here, where the vehicle is the context that makes them mean something.
Affiliate disclosure: some links on this page are affiliate links. If you request a quote or buy through them we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Nothing on this page changes because of it.
At the New York inspection station
Source: New York State DMVIn New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas failed the emissions check on 1.6% of first inspections — lower than the 2.2% for every 2020 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.4% (every 2020 vehicle: 1.6%).
failed emissions
1,233 initial inspections of 1,209 vehicles.
| Measure | The 2020 Atlas | Every 2020 vehicle | Behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failed the emissions check | 1.6% | 2.2% | 1,232 |
| Failed the safety inspection | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1,233 |
| Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit | 0.16% | 0.19% | 1,233 |
| Miles driven a year | 10,624 | 9,980 | odometer at inspection |
| Average odometer | 66,381 | 62,630 | odometer at inspection |
New York’s emissions test on these model years is an on-board diagnostics check: it fails a car whose check-engine light is on or whose self-tests have not finished. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2020 vehicle” is every 2020 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).
Atlas by model year
all years, side by side →Common questions about the 2020 Atlas
Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kitsDoes the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas have any recalls?
NHTSA has posted 11 recall campaigns for the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas, 1 of them rated critical. The most serious on file is 20V712000, covering Steering. There is an active do not drive advisory — act on it before driving. Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.
How safe is the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas?
NHTSA gave the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas 5 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 5-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it F (51/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.
What is the fuel economy of the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas?
Across the 7 EPA-rated configurations of the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas, the best EPA combined figure is 22 mpg. Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.
What are the dimensions of the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas?
Transport Canada measured it at 195.7–198.4 in long, 78.0–78.3 in wide (body, without mirrors), 67.7–68.9 in tall, on a 117.3 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,251–9,453 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.
What do owners complain about on the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas?
Owners have filed 134 complaints with NHTSA about the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas, most often about electrical system, air bags, unspecified. Of those, 3 involved a crash, 1 a fire, 1 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.
How clean is the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas?
The EPA smog rating for the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas runs 3 to 5 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III ULEV125, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 125, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.
Are there service bulletins for the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas?
The manufacturer has filed 1103 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas, most often covering equipment, engine, electrical system. The most recent is dated 2026-09-17. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.
How does the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas do at state inspection?
In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2020 Volkswagen Atlas failed the emissions check on 1.6% of first inspections — lower than the 2.2% for every 2020 model-year vehicle inspected; and the safety inspection on 1.4% (every 2020 vehicle: 1.6%). The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.
What we hold, and what an empty row means
Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.
| Data | Held | Source | What it covers — or what empty means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel economy & configurations | 7 configurations | EPA certification records | Every configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures. |
| Emission certificates | 7 configurations | EPA emission certificates | Smog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new. |
| Recalls | 11 | NHTSA recall campaigns | A complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags. |
| Owner complaints | 134 | NHTSA complaint database | Also complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold. |
| Crash ratings | 4 tested | NHTSA NCAP | Only the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them. |
| Service bulletins | 1103 | NHTSA manufacturer communications | Everything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall. |
| Investigations | 2 | NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation | Open and closed defect investigations, with the agency's own narrative. |
| Driver-assist crash reports | none | NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01 | No report has been filed. Only entities named in the order report, and only crashes they hear of — so this is also what an unequipped car, or a manufacturer without telematics, looks like. |
| Specifications filed with NHTSA | 12 fields | NHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patterns | What the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder. |
| Measured dimensions | 7 fields | Transport Canada, Canadian Vehicle Specifications | Length, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions. |
| Trims, pricing & equipment | none | Manufacturer press kit | We have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind. |
Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.
Sources & method
Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.
EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.