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2025 BMW X5

Plug-in hybrid Hybrid
Standard Sport Utility Vehicle 4WD
5 EPA-rated configurations
Data refreshed 2026-10-26
C
Safety Signal
73 / 100 from the NHTSA recall record
RecallsNHTSA campaigns 5
Complaints9 crash · 1 fire · 5 injured reported 63
Crash ratingNHTSA overall 4★
Fuel economybest combined, EPA 25 mpg
202720262025202420232022202120202019201820172016

The 2025 BMW X5 is sold in the U.S. as a plug-in hybrid and hybrid large SUV with 5 EPA-rated configurations. The most efficient version, the X5 sDrive40i, is EPA-rated at 25 mpg combined. NHTSA lists 5 recall campaigns for this model year, which gives it a Safety Signal grade of C. Owners have filed 63 complaints, most often about the service brakes. NHTSA crash-tested it at 4 stars overall.

BMW X5 — photograph via Wikimedia Commons
BMW X5 (2021 generation) · Photo: Damian B Oh · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Specs & fuel economy

Source: EPA fueleconomy.gov
ConfigurationPowertrainDriveEngine / motorCityHwyCombRangekWh/100miCharge (240V)Annual fuel*
X5 xDrive50ePlug-in hybridAWD3.0L 6-cyl turbo + 145 kW PMSM222322 (38 MPGe blended)39 mi electric585 h$3,750
X5 sDrive40iHybridRWD3.0L 6-cyl turbo + 44V Li-Ion232725———$3,300
X5 xDrive40iHybridAWD3.0L 6-cyl turbo + 44V Li-Ion232725———$3,300
X5 M60i xDriveHybridAWD4.4L 8-cyl turbo + 44V Li-Ion172219———$4,350
X5 M CompetitionHybridAWD4.4L 8-cyl turbo + 44V Li-Ion131815———$5,500

*EPA estimate at 15,000 miles/year at EPA reference fuel and electricity prices. fueleconomy.gov record ids: 49009, 47742, 47743, 47744, 47745.

Emissions & certification

Source: EPA emission certificates
ConfigurationSmog ratingEmission standardWhere it can be sold newSmartWay
X5 xDrive50e6 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standardsSmartWay
X5 sDrive40i6 / 10California LEV-III SULEV30 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
X5 xDrive40i6 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 30 / California LEV-III SULEV30All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
X5 M60i xDrive4 / 10California LEV-III ULEV70 / Federal Tier 3 Bin 70All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—
X5 M Competition4 / 10Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 / California LEV-III ULEV70All 50 states (federal, all altitudes); California and states following California standards—

Certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S.

The smog rating scores tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, 1 (worst) to 10 (best), and is comparable only within a model year. The standard is the federal bin or California tier the configuration was certified to. Both come from the EPA certificate behind the window sticker.

Specifications filed with NHTSA

Source: NHTSA vPIC

Dimensions Exterior

Body styleSport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
Doors4
GVWR classClass 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg)

Engine Basics

Cylinders6
Displacement3 L

Engine Output

Horsepower375 hp

Fuel Economy

FuelGasoline

Transmission

DrivetrainAWD/All-Wheel Drive

Driver assistance

Standard: Anti-lock brakes, Automatic emergency braking, Backup camera, Blind-spot monitoring, Electronic stability control, Forward collision warning, Lane departure warning, Pedestrian automatic emergency braking

Optional: Adaptive cruise control, Lane keeping assist, Rear cross-traffic alert

Filed by the manufacturer with NHTSA under the federal vehicle-identification rule and decoded from the VIN pattern — not a manufacturer press kit, so it describes the configurations we could identify rather than every trim (seen: M60i, X5 M Competition, sDrive40i, xDrive40i). Figures for the trim you are looking at may differ.

Dimensions & weight

Source: Transport Canada
Length194.1 in
Width (body, without mirrors)78.7 in
Height68.9 in
Wheelbase116.9 in
Track, front65.7 in
Track, rear66.5 in
Curb weight4,978–5,368 lb
Weight distribution, front/rear50/50 to 51/49

Measured by Transport Canada for its Canadian Vehicle Specifications database, which covers the North American versions of each model — here 4 configurations: M50I 4-door SUV, xDrive40I 5 Seat 4-door SUV, xDrive40I 7 Seat 4-door SUV, xDrive45E 4-door SUV. Where a range is shown, those versions differ. Width is the body without mirrors, which is why it can read narrower than a brochure figure. Before we used it we checked it against the US manufacturer press kits we hold (27 Sep 2026): wheelbase agreed within 1% on every vehicle we could compare, length on 98%, and the curb weight fell inside the manufacturer's range on 96%. Source dataset. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Licence.

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Recalls (5)

Source: NHTSA recall database
▲high

Electronic Stability Control (Esc)

428 vehicles
Problem BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain 2025 Mini Cooper S, Mini Countryman S All4, X2, 2024 Rolls-Royce Spectre, 2023-2025 i7, 7 Series, X7, 2024-2025 i5, 5 Series, 2023-2024 XM, X1, 2024-2025 X6, and X5 vehicles. The integrated brake (IB) system may malfunction and result in a loss of power brake assist or cause the Antilock Brake (ABS) and Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) systems to not function properly. Risk A loss of power brake assist can extend the distance required to stop the vehicle. Additionally, malfunctioning ABS and/or DSC systems can cause a loss of vehicle control. Either of these scenarios can increase the risk of a crash. Fix The Integrated brake system will be inspected and, if necessary, replaced, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed August 21, 2026. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417 or Rolls-Royce customer service at 1-877-877-3735. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will become searchable on NHTSA.gov beginning August 21, 2026. Vehicles previously repaired under recall 24V739 or 24V104 will need to have the new remedy completed.
NHTSA campaign 26V422000 reported Jul 1, 2026 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Service Brakes, Hydraulic

309 vehicles 98% reported repaired
Problem BMW of North America (BMW) is recalling certain 2023-2024 X1, 2024-2025 X5, 2025 X6, 2023-2025 X7, 740i, 760i, 2024 XM, 530i, 540i, i7, 750e, X2, 2024-2025 i5, 2024 Rolls Royce Spectre, 2025 MINI Countryman S ALL4, JCW Countryman ALL4, and 2025 MINI Hardtop 2 Door (Cooper, Cooper S) vehicles. Please refer to the recall report for the complete list of models. The welds in the servomotor of the integrated brake control module may break, causing a loss of power brake assist and rear brake function. In addition, the Antilock Brake System (ABS) and Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) system may not function. Risk A loss of brake power assist or rear brake function can result in extended stopping distance. A loss of ABS or DSC can cause a loss of vehicle handling and control. Either of these scenarios can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the integrated brake system, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed November 13, 2024. Owners can contact BMW Customer Service at 1-800-525-7417.
NHTSA campaign 24V697000 reported Sep 18, 2024 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Seat Belts

3,256 vehicles 99% reported repaired
Problem BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain 2024 XM, 2025 BMW X5 sDrive40i, X5 xDrive40i, X5 M60i, X5 M, X5 xDrive50e, X6 xDrive40i, X6 M60i, X6 M, X7 xDrive40i, X7 M60i, and Alpina XB7 vehicles. The seat belt system may inaccurately detect that passengers are belted, preventing the seat belt warning light from illuminating and possibly causing the supplemental restraint system to not deploy as intended during a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection." Risk A seat belt warning light that does not alert occupants of an unbelted seat belt or an SRS system that deploys improperly can both increase the risk of injury in a crash. Fix Dealers will inspect and replace the front seat lower seat belts as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 12, 2024. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
NHTSA campaign 24V345000 reported May 15, 2024 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
○minor

Equipment

703 vehicles 85% reported repaired
Problem BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain 2024-2025 X5 xDrive40i vehicles. The tire information placard may indicate an incorrect tire size and tire pressure. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 110, "Tire Selection and Rims." Risk Incorrect tire information can allow an incorrectly sized tire to be installed or result in improperly inflated tires, increasing the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the tire information placard, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 9, 2024. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 24V327000 reported May 10, 2024 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →
▲high

Electronic Stability Control (Esc)

266,716 vehicles 92% reported repaired
Problem BMW of North America, LLC. (BMW) is recalling certain 2023-2025 BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce vehicles. Please see the recall report for a complete list of models and model years. The integrated brake (IB) system may malfunction and result in a loss of power brake assist or cause the Antilock Brake (ABS) and Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) systems to not function properly. Risk A loss of power brake assist can extend the distance required to stop the vehicle. Additionally, malfunctioning ABS and/or DSC systems can cause a loss of vehicle control. Either of these scenarios can increase the risk of a crash. Fix Dealers will replace the integrated brake system, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed between June and December 2024. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417 or Rolls Royce customer service at 1-877-877-3735.
Filed with NHTSAOwner letter PDF
NHTSA campaign 24V104000 reported Feb 12, 2024 BMW of North America, LLC the full filing, and every vehicle covered →

These are vehicle campaigns — the ones the automaker filed against this model. NHTSA also records equipment recalls, filed by a parts maker against a component (a tyre, a child seat, an aftermarket part), and those are not listed here or counted above. nhtsa.gov/recalls shows both for a VIN.

Whether any of this applies to one specific X5

A campaign covers a build range, not a model year, so two identical-looking cars from 2025 can differ. Both of these check a VIN against the manufacturer’s own list, free, in about ten seconds. BMW publishes its own lookup because federal rule 49 CFR 573.15 requires it to, and to keep it current to within seven days.

Hear about a recall before the letter does

The manufacturer’s letter is the last step of a recall: it has up to 60 days after filing to mail owners, at the address on the registration. We email you the day NHTSA posts a recall on the 2025 BMW X5, with what to do next. Nothing else, ever — no newsletter, no marketing, one-click unsubscribe in every message.

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Parts & accessories for the 2025 BMW X5

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Owner complaints

Source: NHTSA complaint database
63complaints filed

9 involved a crash · 1 a fire · 5 injuries · 0 deaths reported

13 per 10,000 built · BMW reported 46,700 X5 built (its Early Warning production report to NHTSA)

Filed per year: 2024: 12 · 2025: 35 · 2026: 16

Most-cited components

Service Brakes 30
Electronic Stability Control 18
Forward Collision Avoidance 11
Electrical System 8
Power Train 7
Unspecified 5

In owners' own words

Filed with NHTSA by the people who own these cars, one per problem area. Quoted as written, with anything identifying removed.

Multiple issues with the software. 1. Since yesterday, car failed to start with the message "software upgrade failed". Sitting like a brick now - engine doesn't start and can't get the car off parking mode. 2, Last week, the remote functions of the software as well as emergency call system stopped working.
Engine Jun 28, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11669880
My 2025 BMW X5e was repaired under recall 24V‑104 for the integrated brake system. Before this recall, the vehicle did NOT have any braking hesitation or drag issues. After the recall repair was done (replacement and reprogramming), the vehicle now shows hesitation to move forward after releasing the brake pedal from a complete stop, as…
Service Brakes Jun 20, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11668264
The contact owns a 2025 BMW X5. The contact stated while driving at approximately 35 MPH, the blind spot warning light was inoperable, and the Forward Collision Avoidance assist sensor warning light was deactivated on the instrument cluster.
Lane Departure May 9, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11659880
Forward Collision Braking, a safety system, is deactivated when cruise control is activated. Further BMW sells the X5 with the mode button of the Driver Assistance Package available on the steering wheel. This to me is deceptive. My previous X5 had the system a when I activated it by pressing the mode button it worked.
Vehicle Speed Control May 5, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11658853
The contact owns a 2025 BMW X5. The contact received notification of NHTSA Campaign Number: 24V104000 (Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Service Brakes, Hydraulic); however, the part to do the recall repair was not yet available. The contact stated that the manufacturer had exceeded a reasonable amount of time for the recall repair.
Electronic Stability Control May 2, 2025 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11658568
Vehicle shut off at a stop light and would not restart received a Drivetrain malfunction: Driving not possible. Call Roadside Assistance. message. Have had the vehicle two weeks and has only 710 miles on the odometer.
Power Train Dec 12, 2024 NHTSA owner report · ODI 11630271

Complaint counts are raw owner reports to NHTSA, not verified defects, and scale with how many were sold. Use them to spot patterns, not to rank.

Reported by BMW itself: 11 death-or-injury claims on this model year in its quarterly Early Warning reports to NHTSA (49 CFR 579.21): 12 injured, as claimed, not verified — about 24 per 100,000 built. Every X5 model year, by year and system → Dated and by system, they are exhibit F of the defect dossier.

Crash ratings

Source: NHTSA NCAP
ConfigurationOverallFrontalSideRolloverRollover risk
SUV AWD★★★★☆★★★★☆★★★★★★★★★☆16%
SUV RWDnot rated★★★★☆★★★★★not rated16%

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program.

Driver-assist crash reports (1)

Source: NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01
1report filed

1 no injury reported

Oct 2025 to Oct 2025 · 1 with an air bag deployment · 1 towed

What was engaged, and what was hit

System named: not named in the filings

Crash partner: Other 1

Filed by: BMW of North America, LLC

IncidentSystemStruckInjury allegedStateSpeedReport
Oct 2025Level 2Otherno injury reportedIL55 mph10039-11989

A report under the General Order is a notice the manufacturer or operator must file within days of hearing of a crash in which a Level 2 driver-assist or automated-driving system was engaged within 30 seconds of impact. It is filed before anything is verified, and entities with telematics hear of far more crashes than entities that rely on complaints, so counts say as much about the reporting as about the car and are not comparable across makes. Nothing is normalised by fleet size. Every report on file, by make and year → · NHTSA’s page and files

Service bulletins & campaigns

Source: NHTSA manufacturer communications
Communicationsfiled with NHTSA 79
Most recentmanufacturer date 2026-08-22
Kindsas classified by NHTSA 44 service bulletins, 22 service campaigns, 7 others

Most often about: Electrical System, Engine, Structure, Power Train, Unknown Or Other.

  • B064326 Other
    2026-08-22 · Unknown Or Other
  • Fastening Elements Return
  • B110326 Service bulletin
    2026-08-12 · Engine
  • This Service Bulletin provides instructions to clean the intake valves using the BMW Carbon Blaster Tool P/N 81 29 2 208 034 and the S68T / XB1T Kit P/N 83 30 5 BAD 3D5. Refer to SI B04 12 11 for existing documentation about the carbon blaster tool and SI B04 02 26 for the S68T /XB1T tool kit.
  • B063826 Other
    2026-08-03 · Power Train
  • Shaft Return
  • B110326 Service bulletin
    2026-07-16 · Engine
  • This Service Bulletin provides instructions to clean the intake valves using the BMW Carbon Blaster Tool
  • B510726 Service campaign
    2026-07-10 · Structure — Body
  • In the affected vehicles, an incorrect screwlocking device (circled) may have been usedfor the mounting bolts of the door latch locks.
  • B120326 Emissions
    2026-07-10 · Engine
  • Due to an implementation error in various OBD diagnostics in the vehicle's control units, in very rare cases itmay happen that stored fault memory codes (DTCs) and the MIL (warning light) are not automaticallydeleted even though the underlying malfunction has already been rectified. This does not comply with the statutory OBD specifications.
  • B610126 Service bulletin
    2026-06-11 · Electrical System
  • During vehicle start-up the Secure Element (SE) of the BCP may fail causing communication errors. TheCheck Control message “Drive carefully. Driving stabilisation.” will appear. In addition, the fault memoryentries below will be stored within 40 seconds of each other. ACSM: 02010A - Coding: Coding data not qualified VIP: 02390A - VIP control unit: Coding data not released, signature IB: 02290A - D
  • B120626 Service campaign
    2026-06-11 · Electrical System
  • In these vehicles with an S68 engine, an incorrect diagnosis of the Valvetronic (VVT) may occur. Undercertain operating conditions, the software may detect a short-circuit in the valve control system even thoughthere is no fault. When the above-mentioned fault occurs, the red Check Control warning light ‘Drive system fault’ illuminates. This can result in the intake valves closing gradually, which

A service bulletin is the manufacturer telling its dealers how to diagnose or repair a known condition. It is not a recall, not a finding that the vehicle is defective, and the work is not automatically free — though a bulletin is often what a dealer works from when you describe a symptom, so quoting the document number can save a diagnosis. The count is every communication filed; the list shows the most recent, one entry per campaign, because a single campaign is usually filed as several documents on the same day. The summaries are NHTSA's; the full documents come from the manufacturer.

At the New York inspection station

Source: New York State DMV

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 BMW X5 failed the safety inspection on 0.34% of first inspections — close to the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected.

New York inspections 0.34%

failed the safety inspection

4,647 initial inspections of 4,506 vehicles.

MeasureThe 2025 X5Every 2025 vehicleBehind it
Failed the safety inspection0.34%0.36%4,647
Air-bag warning lamp stayed lit0.02%0.16%4,647
Miles driven a year10,6918,354odometer at inspection
Average odometer14,63612,194odometer at inspection

New York does not emissions-test model years this new, so the safety inspection is the record here. First inspections only, so a car that failed and came back is counted once; private and special plates, not taxis, livery or commercial plates. A rate appears only where at least 200 inspections stand behind it. “Every 2025 vehicle” is every 2025 model-year car, SUV and pickup inspected in the same window, all makes. This is the state’s record of test results, not a reliability score by itself. Source: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Vehicle Inspections (data.ny.gov, Open NY terms).

Common questions about the 2025 X5

Source: EPA, NHTSA and manufacturer press kits

Does the 2025 BMW X5 have any recalls?

NHTSA has posted 5 recall campaigns for the 2025 BMW X5. The most serious on file is 26V422000, covering Electronic Stability Control (Esc). Check your own VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls; a recall applies to specific build ranges, not every car.

How safe is the 2025 BMW X5?

NHTSA gave the 2025 BMW X5 4 stars overall in its New Car Assessment Program tests — 4-star frontal crash, 5-star side crash, 4-star rollover. WhichTrim also grades it C (73/100) on its recall record, which is a different question from crash protection.

What is the fuel economy of the 2025 BMW X5?

Across the 5 EPA-rated configurations of the 2025 BMW X5, the best EPA combined figure is 25 mpg (MPGe on the electrified versions). Figures are the EPA's own, per configuration, and every one is listed above.

What are the dimensions of the 2025 BMW X5?

Transport Canada measured it at 194.1 in long, 78.7 in wide (body, without mirrors), 68.9 in tall, on a 116.9 in wheelbase. Curb weight: 4,978–5,368 lb depending on configuration. Those are its measurements of the North American versions; every figure is in the table above.

What do owners complain about on the 2025 BMW X5?

Owners have filed 63 complaints with NHTSA about the 2025 BMW X5, most often about service brakes, electronic stability control, forward collision avoidance. Of those, 9 involved a crash, 1 a fire, 5 reported injuries. Complaints are unverified owner reports, so treat the pattern as a signal and the individual report as an anecdote.

How clean is the 2025 BMW X5?

The EPA smog rating for the 2025 BMW X5 runs 4 to 6 out of 10 across its configurations. That score covers tailpipe pollutants other than greenhouse gases, and it only compares vehicles within the same model year. It is certified for all fifty states, so it can be registered new anywhere in the U.S. Its configurations were certified to different standards — California LEV-III SULEV30, California LEV-III ULEV70, Federal Tier 3 Bin 30, Federal Tier 3 Bin 70 — which the table above lists per configuration.

Are there service bulletins for the 2025 BMW X5?

The manufacturer has filed 79 service bulletins and related communications with NHTSA for the 2025 BMW X5, most often covering electrical system, engine, structure. The most recent is dated 2026-08-22. A bulletin is not a recall: it is the repair procedure a manufacturer sends its dealers for a condition it knows about, and the work is not automatically paid for. It is still worth knowing — if the symptom matches, quoting the bulletin number at the service desk can save a diagnosis. The document numbers and summaries are listed above.

How does the 2025 BMW X5 do at state inspection?

In New York’s inspection lanes over the 12 months to Oct 10, 2026, the 2025 BMW X5 failed the safety inspection on 0.34% of first inspections — close to the 0.36% for every 2025 model-year vehicle inspected. The figures are New York State DMV’s own inspection records, first inspections only, and the table above sets each one against every vehicle of the same model year.

What we hold, and what an empty row means

Paid vehicle-history reports will not tell you the difference between “nothing happened to this car” and “we never received that record” — both of the big two say as much in their own help pages. Most of what is on this page comes from complete federal registers, so we can tell you which is which, row by row.

DataHeldSourceWhat it covers — or what empty means
Fuel economy & configurations5 configurationsEPA certification recordsEvery configuration the EPA certified for sale, with its own test figures.
Emission certificates5 configurationsEPA emission certificatesSmog rating, standard and the sales area that decides where the car can be sold new.
Recalls5NHTSA recall campaignsA complete federal register: every campaign covering this model year, with severity and advisory flags.
Owner complaints63NHTSA complaint databaseAlso complete, but unverified: these are reports owners filed, not findings. Counts scale with how many were sold.
Crash ratings2 testedNHTSA NCAPOnly the configurations NHTSA chose to crash-test, which is never all of them.
Service bulletins79NHTSA manufacturer communicationsEverything the manufacturer told its dealers about a defect or malfunction, short of a recall.
InvestigationsnoneNHTSA Office of Defects InvestigationNo defect investigation has been opened.
Driver-assist crash reports1NHTSA Standing General Order 2021-01Crashes the manufacturer or operator reported with a Level 2 or automated-driving system engaged. Notices, filed before verification; not comparable across makes.
Specifications filed with NHTSA8 fieldsNHTSA vPIC, decoded from VIN patternsWhat the manufacturer filed under the federal VIN rule — a configuration, not the full trim ladder.
Measured dimensions7 fieldsTransport Canada, Canadian Vehicle SpecificationsLength, width, height, wheelbase, track and curb weight, measured on the North American versions.
Trims, pricing & equipmentnoneManufacturer press kitWe have not transcribed a press kit for this model year yet. This is our gap, not the manufacturer's — the one row here where an empty cell means we are behind.

Rebuilt nightly; this page was generated 2026-10-26. Every figure above is traceable to the source named beside it, and the JSON for this page carries the same values with their identifiers.

Sources & method

Safety Signal starts every model-year at 100 and subtracts points per open NHTSA recall campaign by severity: critical 15 (fire risk, park-outside or do-not-drive advisories), high 8 (brakes, steering, airbags, loss of drive power, structure, battery), moderate 6, minor 3 (software, labels, lighting fixed by an update). The most serious recall counts in full and each further one counts 85% of the one before, because a vehicle sold in millions is recalled more often than a rare one without being more dangerous — and because a flat subtraction bottomed the scale out, scoring a vehicle with 22 recalls within a point of one with six. A ≥ 90, B ≥ 80, C ≥ 70, D ≥ 60, otherwise F. Read it as what it counts: recall campaigns on the federal record, weighted by severity. The damping reduces the sales bias by roughly 40% but does not remove it: like our complaint counts, this is not normalized by how many were sold, so a best-seller still scores somewhat worse than an obscure model with the same real risk. NHTSA crash ratings, do-not-drive and park-outside advisories, and the crash, fire, injury and death counts in owner complaints are reported separately on every page and never blended into the letter — a vehicle can hold five stars and a poor letter at once, and where that happens we say so rather than leave you to notice. Because the scale subtracts from a clean sheet, a model year too new to have been recalled, complained about or bulletined scores full marks on an empty record; we label those grades provisional rather than present them as earned.

EPA figures come from fueleconomy.gov vehicle records. Recalls, complaints, investigations and crash ratings come from NHTSA's public flat files, refreshed nightly.

JSON for this page · API